A study on women’s health information needs in menopausal age

Menopause is a natural event experienced by women in middle age. To help women manage this event, it is important to identify their health information needs. A study specific questionnaire was used to identify menopausal women’s health information needs and the resources and challenges related to finding information about menopause. A total of 301 women aged 48–55 years completed the questionnaire. Data were analysed using negative binomial regression and chi-square tests. The most frequently sought information was that related to breast cancer (n = 209, 69.5%), hot flushes (n = 200, 66.5%), cervical cancer (n = 194, 64.5%), non-hormonal therapies for menopausal symptoms (n = 192, 64%), laboratory tests (n = 189, 63%) and joint and muscle pain (n = 188, 62.5%). The main sources of information were audiovisual media (n = 171, 57%), obstetricians (n = 165, 55%), friends (n = 157, 52%), family (n = 157, 52%) and the internet (n = 153, 51%). The two main challenges were not knowing how to correctly access information (n = 115, 38%) and not being aware of reliable sources of information (n = 108, 36%). Therefore, it is essential for policymakers and decision-makers to provide reliable and accurate information to increase awareness and reduce anxiety of women experiencing menopause.

EDUKASI DAN MITIGASI GEMPA PADA BANGUNAN

A natural disaster is a natural event that has a major impact on the human population. One of the natural events that became the focus of this PKM activity was an earthquake. Earthquakes are natural events in the form of vibrations or wavy movements on the earth's crust caused by internal forces. Earthquakes caused by shifting of the ground are called tectonic earthquakes and earthquakes caused by volcanoes are called volcanic earthquakes. Indonesia is an earthquake-prone area because it is located on three plates, namely the Eurasian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and the Indo-Australian Plate. Only in western, central and southern Kalimantan, the source of the earthquake was not found. To reduce the impact of risk during an earthquake, it is necessary to carry out an earthquake mitigation to the community in areas prone to earthquakes. Earthquake mitigation that will be carried out in this PKM activity is in the form of counseling through online webinars to prevent physical contact or crowds, related to the Covid19 pandemic. As a result, from the questions asked by participants, there is still a lack of understanding of the dangers of changing the function of the building or the building's use limit based on the design load and the condition of the building after the earthquake. So for the next PKM, it is recommended to make general information guidelines such as examples of photos or pictures about the condition of buildings that need to be reviewed for repairs or are no longer suitable for use after being hit by an earthquake.Bencana alam adalah suatu peristiwa alam yang mengakibatkan dampak besar bagi populasi manusia. Salah satu peristiwa alam yang menjadi fokus dalam kegiatan PKM ini adalah gempa bumi. Gempa bumi merupakan fenomena alam berupa getaran atau gerakan bergelombang pada lempeng bumi yang disebabkan oleh tenaga yang berasaldari dalam bumi. Gempa yang disebabkan oleh pergeseran tanah dinamakan gempa tektonik dan gempa yang disebabkan oleh gunung berapi dinamakan gempa vulkanik. Indonesia merupakan daerah rawan gempa karena terletak di atas tiga lempeng yakni Lempeng Eurasia, Lempeng Pasifik, dan Lempeng Indo-Australia. Hanya di Kalimantan bagian barat, tengah, dan selatan, sumber gempa bumi tidak ditemukan. Untuk mengurangi dampak resiko pada saat gempa perlu dilakukan suatu mitigasi gempa kepada masyarakat di daerah yang rawan terjadi gempa bumi. Mitigasi gempa yang akan dilakukan dalam kegiatan PKM ini berupa penyuluhan melalui webinar secara online untuk mencegah kontak fisik atau kerumunan, berhubungan dengan pandemi Covid19. Hasilnya, dari pertanyaan yang diajukan peserta, masih kurang pemahaman bahaya dari mengubah fungsi guna bangunan atau batas guna bangunan berdasarkan beban desain dan kondisi bangunan setelah gempa. Maka untuk PKM selanjutnya, disarankan membuat panduan informasi secara umum seperti contoh foto atau gambar tentang kondisi bangunan yang perlu ditinjau untuk perbaikan atau tidak layak guna lagi setelah terkena gempa.

A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF VRIKSHAMLA TWAK KASHAYA AND DASHAMOOLA KASHAYA IN UDAVARTHINI YONIVYAPAT

Menstruation is a physiological, natural event in the reproductive stage of the female. Due to a sedentary lifestyle and lack of self-care, stress, untimely food and other factors, many gynaecological problems occur and one of the most common among them is Dysmenorrhea. Painful menstruation is the most common cause which disturbs the mental state of the woman also affecting her day to day activities during the cycle. Pain is the Pratyatma Lak- shana of Vata vikruti mentioned in Ayurveda. Artava Nishkramana is the normal function of Apana vayu which moves in Pratiloma gati and obstructs the pathway of Artava. In our Classics, most of the gynaecological prob- lems are discussed under Yonivyapat. Udavartini Yonivyapat can be co-related and defined as painful menstrua- tion i.e. Dysmenorrhea. Considering the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in the present era, the trial drug Vrikshamlatwak kashaya which possess the properties such as Shoolprashamana and Vatahara was selected to evaluate its effect in the management of Udavartini yonivyapat. Objectives: To compare and evaluate the effect of Vriksham- la Twak kashaya and Dashamoola kashaya in Udavarthini yonivyapat w.r.s primary dysmenorrhea. Methodolo- gy: This research work was a randomized comparative clinical study of 40 patients suffering from symptoms of Udavartini Yonivyapat, who were randomly selected and categorized into 2 groups of 20 patients each. Group A was treated with Vrikshamla Twak kashaya and group B with Dashamoola Kashaya. Both Kashayas were given in Apanakaala (before food) with Sukhoshna Jala as Anupana. Duration of Treatment: 10 days (Starting 7days before the commencement of cycle till 3rd day of the menstrual cycle) for 3 consecutive cycles. Results and In- terpretation- Both the groups showed statistically significant results. Statistically, there was no significant differ- ence between the groups. Conclusion: Both Vrikshamla Twak kashaya and Dashamoola Kashaya had an equal effect in treating Udavartini Yonivyapat. Keywords: Udavartini, Dysmenorrhea, Vrikshamla Twak Kashaya, Dashamoola kashaya.

AN OUTLOOK ON RAJASWALA PARICHARYA: MENSTRUAL REGIMEN AS PER AYURVEDA

Menstruation is an important indicator of women’s health. It is a natural event as a part of the normal process of reproductive life in females. Today’s faulty lifestyle such as – having junk food, irregular sleep pattern and lack of exercise are the cause of increasing gynaecological disorders day by day. In Ayurveda, various Paricharyas (mode of living) are explained to maintain an optimum level of health. One such Paricharyas is Rajaswala Paricharya, which explains certain dos and don’ts to be followed during the menstruating phase. It is a lifestyle modification advised in Ayurveda for menstruating females. Following this Rajaswala Paricharya helps the women to adjust better to the physical and mental changes happening in the body and also helps in reducing the gynaecological complaints (dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, infertility, adenomyosis, fibroids etc). Thus, to maintain optimum gynaecological and obstetrical health of a woman, it is important to follow the regimen mentioned under Rajaswala Paricharya. This article discussed and analysed how to maintain menstrual hygiene and health with Rajaswala Paricharya along with its importance of application in today’s time.

Vulnerability Assessment and Household Preparedness Level to Flood in Ogunpa-Oni Sub River Basin

Flood is a natural event that cause varying degree of losses despite initiatives to mitigate its impact. As the drive to retore normalcy in flood riddle areas increases, concerns about the vulnerability of areas in relation to households’ responses to flood has emerged. This study therefore, identified areas vulnerable to flood; elicit households’ sociodemographic attributes and examine their level of preparedness to flood in Ogunpa and Oni River Basin. A GIS-based approach was adopted along with 121 well-structured questionnaires administered to the respondents. A multi-criteria analysis (that considers slope, rainfall, soil type, DEM and NDVI was adopted), descriptive statistic and binary logistic model was used to achieve the objectives. The results from the vulnerability map revealed varying vulnerability status across Ogunpa and Oni River Basin. In addition, the sociodemographic statistics revealed important variables that influences household decision to prepare for flood. It was also known that factors that drive households to prepare for flood vary across households in Ogunpa and Oni River Basin. The study recommends enlightenment campaign on proper refuse disposal, strengthening of environmental regulatory agency, adoption of participatory approach in the buildup of environmental policy and increasing the level of awareness on the need for insurance policy that covers household against disaster such as flood.

Medical ethics in relationship with moribund patient

The continuous changes in the basic values of modern society are based on transformations in the field of intellectual communication, an avalanche-like increase in the volume of new knowledge, the emergence of new medical technology, and a sharp increase in attention to human rights. These processes exacerbate deontological problems, which are most difficult to manifest when a doctor comes into contact with a dying patient. Purpose of the study. To improve the quality of medical care for a patient in a terminal state. Research results. For most people, death is associated with severe physical and spiritual suffering. The doctor can alleviate this suffering only with a deep understanding of the phenomenon of death, both from scientific and religious positions. The article analyzes the philosophical foundations of medical ethics, knowledge of which is necessary for a doctor when communicating with a dying patient. The modern understanding of death as a natural event necessary to support the development of living nature is given. It is shown that our society has not yet developed the principles of the culture of death. In connection with the development of modern medical technologies, it became necessary to search for new criteria for death. The modern legal and moral interpretation of the human right to death with dignity is considered. The difficulty of communicating information about a fatal diagnosis to a patient is noted: when a bitter truth is possible, and when a “holy” lie is needed. The proposition is put forward that the complexity and contradictory nature of the problem of euthanasia is solved by providing the terminal patient with high-quality palliative care. Conclusion. Despite all the wonderful judgments about the necessity and importance of death in the development of mankind, the tragedy of personal death cannot be removed even by the most optimistic philosophy. However, a doctor, armed with modern knowledge, possessing modern deontological methods, endowed with high moral qualities, can significantly reduce the level of feeling of this tragedy. Death is an important stage in a person's life, the confidence of all living people that their terminal period will be provided with proper care and attention, will greatly improve the quality and the entire period of a person's life.

Optimization of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Maximum Flood Inundation Forecasts

Flooding is the world’s most catastrophic natural event in terms of losses. The ability to forecast flood events is crucial for controlling the risk of flooding to society and the environment. Artificial neural networks (ANN) have been adopted in recent studies to provide fast flood inundation forecasts. In this paper, an existing ANN trained based on synthetic events was optimized in two directions: extending the training dataset with the use of hybrid dataset, and selection of the best training function based on six possible functions, namely conjugate gradient backpropagation with Fletcher–Reeves updates (CGF) with Polak–Ribiére updates (CGP) and Powell–Beale restarts (CGB), one-step secant back-propagation (OSS), resilient backpropagation (RP), and scaled conjugate gra-dient backpropagation (SCG). Four real flood events were used to validate the performance of the improved ANN over the existing one. The new training dataset reduced the model’s rooted mean square error (RMSE) by 10% for the testing dataset and 16% for the real events. The selection of the resilient backpropagation algorithm contributed to 15% lower RMSE for the testing dataset and up to 35% for the real events when compared with the other five training functions.

Risk Factors of Urogenital Problems among Perimenopausal Women

Introduction Menopause is a natural event that results from cessation of the menstrual cycle. It usually occurs in midlife, marking the end of women’s reproductive life. Perimenopause refers to the time at which our body makes the natural transition to the menopause and may last for 4 to 8 years. A lot of urogenital problems start appearing after the age of 40 in women. The aim of the study is to identify the risk factors of the urogenital problems in perimenopausal women. Materials and Methods An explorative survey design with a purposive sampling method was used to collect the data from 200 women and older than 40 years admitted to the tertiary care hospital and a community under Natekal Primary Health Center were selected for the study. Results A total of 200 women were enrolled; 85 (42.5%) had urinary tract infections, 49 (24.5%) had urinary retention, 35 (17.5%) had vaginal dryness, 17 (8.5%) had urinary incontinence, 14 (7%) had a loss of libido. The majority, 76 (38%), had this problem for 1 to 2 years. There was association between selected demographic variables with risk factors like occupation (0.023; P < 0.05), number of children (0.023; P < 0.05), and mode of delivery (0.023; P < 0.05). Conclusion The study result concludes that there was a significant association between urogenital problems and risk factors.

Porphyrin-Based Supramolecular Flags in the Thermal Gradients’ Wind: What Breaks the Symmetry, How and Why

The Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (SSB) phenomenon is a natural event in which a system changes its symmetric state, apparently reasonless, in an asymmetrical one. Nevertheless, this occurrence could be hiding unknown inductive forces. An intriguing investigation pathway uses supramolecular aggregates of suitable achiral porphyrins, useful to mimic the natural light-harvesting systems (as chlorophyll). Using as SSB probe supramolecular aggregates of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[p(ω-methoxypolyethyleneoxy)phenyl]porphyrin (StarP), a non-ionic achiral PEGylated porphyrin, we explore here its interaction with weak asymmetric thermal gradients fields. The cross-correlation of the experimental data (circular dichroism, confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy) revealed that the used building blocks aggregate spontaneously, organizing in flag-like structures whose thermally-induced circular dichroism depends on their features. Finally, thermal gradient-induced enantioselectivity of the supramolecular flag-like aggregates has been shown and linked to their size-dependence mesoscopic deformation, which could be visualized as waving flags in the wind.