Refinement and Validation of a Multidimensional Destination Brand Equity Scale for Inbound and Outbound Chinese Travelers: A Cross-National Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1522-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Yongho Hyun ◽  
Hyeon-Cheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
Destination Brand ◽  
Chinese Travelers ◽  
Nomological Validity

Destination brand equity (DBE) consists of five tourism dimensions and differs from generic customer-based brand equity, which theoretically comprises four dimensions. This study partially adopts Yoo and Donthu’s methodological approach to cross-validate a DBE scale between three groups of tourists: Korean (KJ) and Chinese visitors to Jeju Island (CJ) and Chinese visitors to Zhangjiajie (CZ). Accordingly, data were collected from 256 KJ, 217 CJ, and 257 CZ respondents. Two empirical studies incorporate a multigroup analysis to examine whether the five key dimensions of DBE can be identically applied to the three groups. The first study extracted 15 items from the original 23 in the DBE scale; the second identified the different measures commonly applicable to the three groups. External validity is achieved by testing nomological validity and cross-validation. The findings’ implications are subsequently discussed and suggestions for future research provided.

Expanding the Methodological Approach to the Social Servicescape: Moving From Measurement to Manipulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 193896552094921
Author(s):  
Lydia Hanks ◽  
Nathaniel D. Line ◽  
Lu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measured Variable ◽  
Service Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Tangible Element ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Nomological Validity

Recently, research of the servicescape has expanded to include a social element in addition to the traditionally identified physical/tangible element. Typically, this social servicescape construct has been treated as a measured variable, reflecting the other customers in the service environment across three dimensions (i.e., similarity, behavior, and appearance). However, the exclusive use of measurement to operationalize a phenomenon limits both the types of methods that can be used and, correspondingly, the types of research questions that can be asked. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to propose and test a scenario-based manipulation of the customer social servicescape construct so that future research can address the phenomenon using experimental design. Scenarios crossing the social servicescape with social density (i.e., crowding) are constructed in three different domains (restaurant, hotel, and retail) and tested in terms of their nomological validity by assessing the effects of the manipulated variables on attitudes and satisfaction. Our results demonstrate that the three elements of the social servicescape—similarity, appearance, and behavior—each had a direct and significant effect on attitude and satisfaction. In addition, these results were consistent across the hotel, restaurant, and retail contexts. The clarity and consistency of these findings indicate the viability of the social servicescape manipulations as a research tool.

Brand equity, satisfaction, and switching costs

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Biedenbach ◽  
Maria Bengtsson ◽  
Agneta Marell
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Switching Costs ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Marketing Managers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of satisfaction and switching costs on the development of brand equity in the business-to-business (B2B) setting. The study considers the hierarchical effects between brand awareness, brand associations, perceived quality, and brand loyalty. Furthermore, the conceptual model examines the direct effect of switching costs on satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – Structural equation modeling was used to analyze 632 responses from the CEOs and CFOs of organizations buying auditing and business consultancy services from one of the Big Four auditing companies. Findings – The findings demonstrate the significant impact of satisfaction and switching costs on brand equity in the B2B setting. Furthermore, the findings show the positive effect of switching costs on satisfaction. Research limitations/implications – The study is conducted in the professional services context. Future research can examine whether the observed effects can be found in other B2B settings and considering various B2B services and industrial goods. Practical implications – The study contributes to marketing managers’ understanding of how marketing actions aimed to increase satisfaction can affect brand equity. Marketing managers are provided with insights and evidence on how switching costs can impact satisfaction and brand equity. Originality/value – The study tests a unique conceptual model focussing on the causal relationships between four dimensions of brand equity, satisfaction and switching costs. The findings provide a strong foundation for further investigation of links between the key marketing concepts: brand equity, satisfaction, and switching costs.

Antecedents of brand equity on halal tourism destination

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Preko ◽  
Iddrisu Mohammed ◽  
Azizbek Allaberganov
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Quality ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Destination Brand

Purpose This study aims to examine the antecedents of halal brand equity on destination brand equity (DBE) within the tourism sector. Although much has been done on halal tourism, the issue of halal and brand equity has received little attention in a non-Islamic state context. Design/methodology/approach Using the brand equity theory, 312 Muslim tourists were conveniently drawn from the Larabanga tourism site with the use of structural equation modelling technique to analyse the data. Findings The study revealed that halal brand awareness and halal value have positive and significant impact on DBE. Also, halal perceived brand quality and halal image had a negative but significant impact on DBE. Research limitations/implications This research is on a country-specific halal brand equity tourism destination, which means that the findings cannot be generalized to other geographical areas. Practical implications The study provides an insight into halal tourism and destination equity, which is important for marketers, the ministry of tourism and local tourism officials to support halal tourism in a non-Islamic country. Originality/value This paper fills a gap by presenting the first comprehensive overview of halal brand equity research that enhances ongoing discussions in the hospitality and tourism field in a non-Islamic context and proposes priorities for future research.

Kunja leadership: concept and nomological validity

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Young Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asian Values ◽  
Confucian Culture ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Leadership Models ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Nomological Validity

Purpose – The objective of three combined empirical studies is to provide a leadership model that could be effective in Confucian culture and to suggest framework that effectively integrates the traits and behaviors employed by leaders in influencing others. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents results from three empirical studies. Study 1 explored the concept of kunja leadership (KL) and its theoretical structure and developed a scale to measure it. Study 2 examined the convergent and discriminant validity of KL compared with transformational leadership (TL) and authentic leadership (AL) at the team level. Study 3 tested the effectiveness of KL at the team level examining the effects of trust in the leader on perceived team performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Findings – The results of Study 1 supported the concept of KL consisting of humanity, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, and trustworthiness. These five sub-concepts all have high, positive correlations and can be securely identified as a leader’s moral traits and managerial behaviors. The results of Study 2 supported the hypothesis that KL was a mutually independent leadership model reflecting Asian values. The results of Study 3 reported that trust in the leader completely mediated the relationships between KL, group performance, and OCB. Research limitations/implications – Two additional trials would be helpful in future research. The nomological validity of the KL model in this paper was only examined empirically, with data collected from Korea. Thus, additional research is needed to examine its explanatory power in other countries with a Confucian culture. Additionally, this study assesses the originality of KL by comparing it, theoretically and empirically, with TL and AL. However, some may question the representativeness of these two leadership models and some may consider that KL may be more similar to other leadership models. Thus, to address these potential questions, the author briefly refer to the similarities and differences between the KL model and paternal leadership and democratic leadership models in the literature review. However, this paper did not empirically provide differentiation between KL and these two other leadership models. Thus, efforts that empirically compare KL with conceptually similar leadership models will help in explaining the originality and validity of KL in future research. Originality/value – First, this paper has presented a modern leadership model centered on kunja, a virtuous leader considered desirable in Eastern Asian society. As House (1997) pointed out, 98 percent of leadership models reflect only Western values and do not consider different cultural values. This effort to include Asian values in leadership will contribute to the theoretical understanding of an ideal leader in Confucian societies. Second, this paper has suggested an integrative leadership model for leader traits and behaviors, based on the criteria of the five constant values. This contributes to the understanding of cause and effect relations of leadership traits and behaviors.

Brand equity and customer satisfaction: a comparative analysis of international and domestic tourists in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Kim Thi Tran ◽  
Vien Ky Nguyen ◽  
Vinh Trung Tran
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Destination Brand ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationships between brand equity, customer satisfaction and cultural distance for a tourism destination. The mediating role of customer satisfaction and the moderating effect of cultural distance in these relationships are assessed. Design/methodology/approach The direct–indirect–moderating relationships were assessed by applying covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM), mediating and multi-group analysis. A paper survey was used to collect data from 618 tourists (domestic and international tourists) visiting a destination in Vietnam. Findings The findings support direct positive links between the dimensions of brand equity and customer satisfaction, except for the effect of destination brand awareness on destination brand loyalty. This work further demonstrates the mediating effect of customer satisfaction on the indirect relationships between the dimensions of brand equity. Cultural distance was found to moderate the connections between the research concepts. Research limitations/implications Future research should explore the model’s relationships based on comparisons in different destinations, to better understand the impact of cultural factors. Originality/value This study identifies specific factors to increase branding efficiency by developing and testing the relationship between brand equity and customer satisfaction. Using moderating variables through the lens of cultural distance, it proposes a mediated model. This work contributes to practice by informing destination managers on how to improve brand equity and satisfaction based on the cultural characteristics of international and domestic visitors.

scholarly journals BUILDING A DOMESTIC DESTINATION BRAND: A CASE OF SERBIA

TEME ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Milivoj Teodorović ◽  
Jovan Popesku ◽  
Danijel Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Critical Area ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Destination Brand

This paper uses the customer-based brand equity (CBBE) model to empirically evaluate the brand equity of Serbia as a tourist destination, its underlying dimensions and interrelated causal relations from the perspective of domestic visitors. The study is in line with the previous research findings and brings new insights into the destination’s analysis; it shows that the Serbian domestic tourism market has not yet developed the critical area of destination image and empirically proves the importance of awareness as the most important dimension of the CBBE of the Serbian domestic tourism market. The implications of the Serbian domestic destination tourism market are evaluated, and future research avenues based on the outcomes are highlighted.

Involvement and brand equity: a conceptual model for Muslim tourists

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Shafaei ◽  
Badaruddin Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Destination Branding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tourism Marketing ◽  
Islamic Countries ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Destination Brand ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to present a model in which the relationship between Muslims’ involvement with traveling to Islamic destinations and Islamic destination brand equity is investigated. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the existing theoretical and empirical research on involvement and brand equity in tourism marketing and the literature on Muslim tourists’ needs and culture, a conceptual model for Muslim tourists is developed. The model investigates the relationships between Muslims’ psychological motivations for traveling to Islamic destinations and the evaluation of destination Islamic brand. Findings – The study shows that the more Muslims are involved in traveling to Islamic destinations, the more likely they evaluate the key dimensions of destination Islamic brand. This is demonstrated by the influence of Muslims’ involvement on their awareness of Islamic destinations, their image of the Islamic destination attributes, the perceived quality of Islamic offerings, the perceived Islamic value and their loyalty toward Islamic destinations. Practical implications – The study evaluates the Islamic brand equity in the context of Islamic tourism destinations and in relation to Muslims’ interests in traveling to Islamic countries. The study contributes to better understand the Islamic destinations and how to maximize the benefits of their Islamic attributes. It is suggested that Islamic attributes should be highlighted more for Muslim tourists interested in traveling to Islamic countries. Investigating the concepts analyzed will help tourism destinations to integrate marketing and promotional campaigns and build a more powerful Islamic brand in Muslim markets. Originality/value – The relationship between involvement and brand equity has not been yet explored adequately, especially in the context of Islamic branding. This study adds to the previous studies in which the link between personal involvement with a specific destination and destination brand equity was explored. The role of Islamic values in this relationship is highlighted. The study contributes to destination branding studies by being one of the primary works, which applies the concept of brand equity to Islamic destinations.

Conceptualizing school leadership in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) cultures: Demarcating challenges for research

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Bailey ◽  
Ted Purinton ◽  
Osama Al-Mahdi ◽  
Hala Al Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
School Leadership ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Teachers College ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Key Dimensions

Although school turnaround has been studied extensively in Western contexts such as the United States, the applicability of remedies to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries has not been extensively studied. The literature that exists predominantly uses a Western cultural lens. This article identifies four key dimensions of leadership for transformation of schools—what is leadership, who becomes a school leader, how are leaders supported, and do school leaders believe they can succeed—, contrasting between the Gulf region and the West; in doing so, the article seeks to explain why the solutions to school failure that originate from the West, widely understood around the globe, are either irrelevant or of limited use in this region. Drawing in part on the authors’ experience in establishing a leadership centre, through collaboration between the Ministry of Education in Bahrain and the Bahrain Teachers College, the article calls for systematic empirical studies to establish how each of the four dimensions inform region-specific approaches to leadership for school transformation and quality improvement. It concludes by arguing that researchers should explicitly consider the extent to which their findings can be translated into practical leadership action in a range of cultural settings.

scholarly journals An Integrated Perspective on Contemporary Antisemitism: Reviewing Cross-National Data on Attitudes, Incidents, and Exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Due Enstad
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
North African ◽  
National Data ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cross National

Research on contemporary antisemitism is fragmented. Existing empirical studies tend to focus on a single dimension of the phenomenon or a specific national or ideological context. This article advances an integrated perspective on contemporary antisemitism by pulling together and descriptively reviewing several sets of cross-national data shedding light on patterns and trends within three key dimensions: antisemitic attitudes, incidents targeting Jews, and Jews' exposure to antisemitism. It is found that (1) attitudes vary considerably, being low in Western countries (yet high for some sub-groups), less low in Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe, and high in Middle Eastern, North African, and other Muslim-majority countries; (2) global incident rates have fluctuated on a relatively high level after 2000; and (3) Jews' exposure to antisemitism appears relatively high and stable over the past decade, with some notable temporal and spatial variation. To account for trends and variations observed in the data, the article proposes several hypotheses that may guide future research and serve as building blocks for middle-range theorizing about contemporary antisemitism.

The mediating role of self-congruity in transnational higher education choice: a proposed framework

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranakusuma Sudhana ◽  
Noermijati Noermijati ◽  
Ananda Sabil Hussein ◽  
Nur Khusniyah Indrawati
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transnational Higher Education ◽  
Brand Association ◽  
Education Choice

PurposeThis paper aims to propose a conceptual framework to bridge the gap between the dimensions of brand equity (brand awareness, brand association and perceived quality) and the purchase intention of transnational higher education.Design/methodology/approachThe paper revisits and critically reviews the concepts of marketing in higher education, brand equity, and self-congruity as well as related past studies.FindingsSeveral past empirical studies concluded that the dimensions of brand equity have been unable to significantly influence purchase intention. The review and synthesis of the literature have supported the feasibility of self-congruity to mediate the relationship, thus closing the gap. This study has been able to extend the self-congruity concept into external and internal self-congruity to fit the context of this study which is transnational higher education choice.Originality/valueFocusing on a developing market of Indonesia, it is anticipated that the proposed model will assist the future research in branding of transnational higher education. It was hypothesized that educational brands that are congruent with prospective students' self-image both externally (from the perception by the reference group) and internally (from the perception by themselves) will be more likely to yield positive purchase intention. As a result, this study adds to the current body of knowledge in the field of transnational higher education choice which was found to be lacking.

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