Air Pollution and Tourism: Evidence from G20 Countries

The Indian tourism industry has flourished in the past few years, significantly contributing to the nation's gross domestic product, foreign exchange earnings and employment. India, with its rich natural beauty, is unquestionably a destination that should promote tourism. Over the past few years the Indian government has taken various measures to do this, but the tourism potential of the country has still not been maximized. This paper presents an empirical analysis of the determinants of international tourist arrivals in India using annual data from 1966 to 2000. The results show that sociopolitical factors – communalism, terrorism and tensions with Pakistan – constitute serious threats to the tourism industry, limiting the gains that could otherwise have been realized.

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The impact of tourism growth on income inequality: Evidence from developing and developed economies

Tourism Economics ◽

10.1177/1354816620934908 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 135481662093490 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jianchun Fang ◽

Giray Gozgor ◽

Sudharshan Reddy Paramati ◽

Wanshan Wu

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Annual Data ◽

Developed Economies ◽

Significant Negative Impact ◽

The Impact

In this article, we investigate the effects of tourism indicators on income inequality (IIE) in a sample of 102 countries. We divide the sample countries into 71 developing and 31 advanced economies. Using annual data from 1995 to 2014, we employ panel unit root tests, cointegration, fixed-effects, fully modified ordinary least squares, and causality techniques. Our findings show that tourism indicators have a significant negative impact on IIE in developing economies, while they have an insignificant impact in developed economies. Conversely, economic globalization increases IIE in developing economies, whereas its effect is positive but statistically insignificant in developed countries. From these findings, the study outlines detailed policy and practical implications.

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Review on Job Satisfaction, Intention to Leave and Corporate Entrepreneurial Characteristics in United Arab Emirates’ Construction Firms

International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology ◽

10.23956/ijermt.v6i10.74 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Basma Kashmoola ◽

Fais Ahmad ◽

Yeoh Khar Kheng

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Intent To Leave ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Intention To Leave ◽

Work Load ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Medium Size ◽

Construction Companies ◽

Developed Economies

Recently construction companies and real state of SMEs sector of Dubai, reported that they have a combine shortfall of skilled staff of up to 500,000. In addition to that, recently tourism industry of UAE, one of the most dominating service sectors also reported the severe shortage of qualified hospitality staffs. The shortage of workforce in the industry is one of the major causes of unfair distribution of work load and also an unjust compensation and reward system in the overall industry. The supply and demand of workforces is also one of the crucial predictor factors for job satisfaction and may lead to quit their job or to migration.While examining the various factors that may affect employee’s intention to leave, many research findings confirmed that job satisfaction caused the highest variance on to leaving intention. To get the deeper analysis of the job satisfaction and its impact on employee’s intention to leave, many researchers argued that there were many facets of job satisfaction that may cause the leaving intentions and therefore job satisfaction has been considered a variables composed of multiple factors. It is evident that there are many studies had been conducted to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and employees leaving intentions. However, not many studies on the same line have been fully addressed in small and medium size firms in UAE working setting and also most of the studies sampling strategies had focused in industries in developed economies. Therefore, it is believed to be a gap in the literature in the context of the job satisfaction and intent to leave in SMEs.

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Macroeconomic Determinants of Stock Market Prices in Nepal

Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences ◽

10.3126/qjmss.v2i1.29022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 56-65

Author(s):

Bhim Prasad Panta

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Interest Rate ◽

Stock Market ◽

Money Supply ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Annual Data ◽

Economic Variables ◽

Market Prices ◽

Ardl Model ◽

Long Run

Background: Stock market plays a crucial role in the financial system of a country. It can be viewed as a channel through which resources are properly channelized. It enables the governments and industry to raise long-term capital for financing new projects. The stock markets of developing economies are likely to be sensitive to various macro-economic factors such as GDP, imports, exports, exchange rates etc., when there is high demand on financial products, as a constituent of financial market, ultimately stock market needs to develop. Many factors can be a signal to stock market participants to expect a higher or lower return when investing in stock and one of these factors are macroeconomic variables and thus, macro-economic variables tend to effect on stock market development. Objective: This study examines the linkage between stock market prices (NEPSE index) and five macro-economic variables, namely; real GDP, broad money supply, interest rate, inflation, and exchange rate using ARDL model and to explain the behavior of the Nepal Stock Exchange Index. Methods: The ECM which is delivered from ARDL model through simple linear transformation to integrate short run adjustments with long run equilibrium without losing long run information. The analysis has been done by using 25 years' annual data from 1994 to 2019. Findings: The result suggests that the fluctuation of Nepse Index in long run is strongly associated with broad money supply, interest rate, inflation, and exchange rate. Conclusion: Though Nepalese stock market is in primitive stage, broad money supply, interest rate, inflation and exchange rate are major factors affecting stock market price of Nepal. So, policies and strategies should be made and directed taking these in to consideration. Implication: The findings of research can be helpful to understand the behavior of Nepalese stock market and develop policies for market stabilization.

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The Impact of Economic Crisis on Tourism Industry: A Bangladesh Perspective

International Research Journal of Engineering IT & Scientific Research ◽

10.21744/irjeis.v2i1.35 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Md. Ziaul Haque

Keyword(s):

Economic Crisis ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Political Crisis ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Tourism Product ◽

International Tourist ◽

Sustained Recovery ◽

The Impact

The tourism sector is experiencing numerous challenges as a result of the global economic crisis. After a significant contraction in 2009, tourism rebounded strongly in 2010 and in 2011 the international tourist arrivals and receipts are projected to increase substantially. The Tourism industry is expected to show a sustained recovery in 2012. The crisis has particularly strong impact and slightly negative consequences in Bangladesh. The country is undergoing a political crisis, as well, and it seems that the forthcoming elections may be the only solution for the restoration of stability and social peace. In addition, tourism can be the driving force behind Bangladesh economic recovery. However, for its achievement the country’s policy makers should take several measures towards restructuring and improving the sector. These measures include: enhancement of alternative forms of tourism; environmental protection; creation of quality infrastructure; and boost of competitiveness through a tourism product that offers value for money

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The Impact Of Economic Crisis On Tourism Industry: A Bangladesh Perspective

International Research Journal of Engineering IT & Scientific Research ◽

10.21744/irjeis.v1i1.29 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Md. Ziaul Haque

Keyword(s):

Economic Crisis ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Political Crisis ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Tourism Product ◽

International Tourist ◽

Sustained Recovery ◽

The Impact

The tourism sector is experiencing numerous challenges as a result of the global economic crisis. After a significant contraction in 2009, tourism rebounded strongly in 2010 and in 2011 the international tourist arrivals and receipts are projected to increase substantially. The Tourism industry is expected to show a sustained recovery in 2012. The crisis has particularly strong impact and slightly negative consequences in Bangladesh. The country is undergoing a political crisis, as well, and it seems that the forthcoming elections may be the only solution for the restoration of stability and social peace. In addition, tourism can be the driving force behind Bangladesh economic recovery. However, for its achievement the country’s policy makers should take several measures towards restructuring and improving the sector. These measures include: enhancement of alternative forms of tourism; environmental protection; creation of quality infrastructure; and boost of competitiveness through a tourism product that offers value for money

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Macroeconomic Shocks and Unconventional Monetary Policy

10.1093/oso/9780198838104.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Interest Rate ◽

Financial Crisis ◽

Emerging Markets ◽

Financial Stability ◽

Global Financial Crisis ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Spillover Effects ◽

Macroeconomic Shocks ◽

Monetary Policies ◽

Developed Economies

Barely two decades after the Asian financial crisis Asia was suddenly confronted with multiple challenges originating outside the region: the 2008 global financial crisis, the European debt crisis, and, finally developed economies’ implementation of unconventional monetary policies. Especially the implementation of quantitative easing (QE), ultra-low interest rate policies, and negative interest rate policies by a number of large central banks has given rise to concerns over financial stability and international capital flows. One of the regions most profoundly affected by the crisis was Asia due to its high dependence on international trade and international financial linkages. The objective of this book is to explain how macroeconomic shocks stemming from the global financial crisis and recent unconventional monetary policies in developed economies have affected macroeconomic and financial stability in emerging markets, with a particular focus on Asia. In particular, the book covers the following thematic areas: (i) the spillover effects of macroeconomic shocks on financial markets and flows in emerging economies; (ii) the impact of recent macroeconomic shocks on real economies in emerging markets; and (iii) key challenges for the monetary, exchange rate, trade, and macroprudential policies of developing economies, especially Asian economies, and suggestions and recommendations to increase resiliency against external shocks.

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Innovative entrepreneurship in emerging and developing economies: the effects of entrepreneurial competancies and institutional voids

The Journal of Technology Transfer ◽

10.1007/s10961-021-09874-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amirmahmood Amini Sedeh ◽

Amir Pezeshkan ◽

Rosa Caiazza

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Institutional Voids ◽

Developed Economies ◽

Key Drivers ◽

Innovation Barriers ◽

Entrepreneurial Competencies ◽

Emerging And Developing Countries ◽

Different Levels

AbstractInnovative entrepreneurship is one of the key drivers of economic development particularly for less developed economies where the economic growth is at the forefront of policymakers’ agenda. Yet, the research on how various factors at different levels interact and bring about innovative entrepreneurship in emerging and developing countries remains relatively scarce. We address this issue by developing a multilevel framework that explains how entrepreneurial competencies attenuate the negative impact of innovation barriers. Our analysis on a sample of individuals from 24 economies, 17 developing and 7 emerging countries, reveals that entrepreneurial competencies become more instrumental for innovative entrepreneurship when general, supply-side, and demand-side innovation barriers are higher. The findings offer unique insights to policymakers particularly in developing countries interested in promoting innovative entrepreneurship and to entrepreneurs and investors seeking to establish and support innovative ventures.

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Through the Lens of Recession 2.0: Diversification Dynamics Between the Leading Asian Stock Markets

Vision The Journal of Business Perspective ◽

10.1177/0972262920983958 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097226292098395

Author(s):

Manu K. S. ◽

Surekha Nayak ◽

Rameesha Kalra

Keyword(s):

Stock Market ◽

Stock Markets ◽

Market Integration ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Global Market ◽

Stock Market Integration ◽

Developed Economies ◽

Market Participants ◽

Causality Tests

The focus of this article is to analyse the inter-linkages between eight leading stock markets in Asian continent from the period of July 2011 to February 2018. This period holds relevance as this was the time when Recession 2.0 set in, which adversely affected the developed economies; however, the developing economies withstood the crisis without much of an impact. Co-integration and Granger causality tests were conducted to probe the inter-linkages. Study revealed a positive impact on Asian stock market indices collectively on each of the indexes. The highest number of unidirectional causalities was to KOPSI and NIFTY from rest of the stock indices. Results confirmed that no co-integration relationship existed among the selected indices indicating favourable diversification opportunities. Thus, the study fosters global market participants and policymakers to consider the nitty-gritties of stock market integration so as to benefit from international stock market diversification in the Asian region.

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Exchange Rate Volatility and Domestic Consumption: A Comparative Study of Developed, Developing and Emerging Economies

International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting ◽

10.5296/ijafr.v9i3.15248 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

Muhammad Zubair Chishti ◽

Hafiz Syed Muhammad Azeem ◽

Farrukh Mahmood ◽

Adeel Ahmed Sheikh

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Panel Data ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Exchange Rate Volatility ◽

Domestic Consumption ◽

Aggregate Consumption ◽

Developed Economies ◽

Panel Data Estimation ◽

The Exchange Rate ◽

Data Estimation

The current study endeavors to explore the effects of oscillations in the exchange rate on the household aggregate consumption of developed, emerging, and developing economies, employing the panel data from 1995 to 2017. To select an appropriate panel data estimation technique, we apply Brush-Pagan & Hausman Tests for each set of chosen economies. Further, our study deduces that, in the case of developed economies, the oscillations in the exchange rate, significantly, affect the domestic consumption, supporting Alexander’s (1952) conjecture. However, in the case of emerging and developing economies, aggregate consumption does not respond to the exchange rate volatility.

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