scholarly journals Valid for What? On the Very Idea of Unconditional Validity

2020 ◽  
pp. 004839312097116
Author(s):  
Cristian Larroulet Philippi
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validation ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Valid Measure ◽  
Causal Account ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
Research Context ◽  
Recent Philosophy ◽  
Cast Doubt

What is a valid measuring instrument? Recent philosophy has attended to logic of justification of measures, such as construct validation, but not to the question of what it means for an instrument to be a valid measure of a construct. A prominent approach grounds validity in the existence of a causal link between the attribute and its detectable manifestations. Some of its proponents claim that, therefore, validity does not depend on pragmatics and research context. In this paper, I cast doubt on the possibility of a context-independent causal account of validity (what I call unconditional validity). I assess several versions, arguing that all of them fail to judge the validity of measuring instruments correctly. Because different research purposes require different properties from measuring instruments, no account of validity succeeds without referring to the specific research purpose that creates the need for measurement in the first place.

METHOD FOR ESTIMATING ERRORS IN MEASURING INSTRUMENTS BY THE SPACE CATALOGUE ORBITS

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
K. V. Sorokin ◽  
E. A. Sunarchina
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
New Method ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Software Complex

Improvement of orbits precision is one of the most important tasks of space surveillance catalogue maintenance. The solution of this problem is directly related to an adequate consideration of the errors of the coordinate information from the measuring instruments. The article consideresd a new method for estimating the precision of measuring instruments on the catalog orbits. To carry out such analysis, in PJSC «VIMPEL» special technological program was created. Main results of a study of radar errors with orbits of space surveillance catalogue was presented. Also, the results were compared with data of measuring instrument's calibration software complex. This software complex provides determination of satellite's position with errors less than 10 m. A new dynamic model of measuring instrument errors is proposed.

The measurement problem of calibration of measuring instrument under specified conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Sergey F. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Measurement Problem ◽  
Parametric Identification ◽  
Correction Function ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Mathematical Apparatus ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Assessment Techniques

The problem of calibration of measuring instruments for given conditions based on the correction function is considered as a measurement problem of structural-parametric identification of the calibration diagram. It is shown, that the correction function allows at the first stage to obtain a ratio for correcting the readings, and at the second stage to obtain a corrected measurement result, it is necessary to identify the probability distribution of possible deviations from it. An example of solving the measurement problem of calibration for given conditions is given. Negative aspects of the practice of calibration of measuring instruments are noted: carrying out calibration under normal conditions according to the methods of verification of measuring instruments; presentation of calibration results by tables of joint readings of measuring instruments and standards; the presence in the calculations of the calibration diagram of significant restrictions on the mathematical apparatus of the «Guidelines for the expression of measurement uncertainty», specified by ISO/IEC 31010:2019 “Risk management – Risk assessment techniques”.

scholarly journals Designing Research With Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA): Approaches, Challenges, and Tools

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Thomann ◽  
Martino Maggetti
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Specific Mode ◽  
Research Context ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Conducting Research

Recent years have witnessed a host of innovations for conducting research with qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). Concurrently, important issues surrounding its uses have been highlighted. In this article, we seek to help users design QCA studies. We argue that establishing inference with QCA involves three intertwined design components: first, clarifying the question of external validity; second, ensuring internal validity; and third, explicitly adopting a specific mode of reasoning. We identify several emerging approaches to QCA rather than just one. Some approaches emphasize case knowledge, while others are condition oriented. Approaches emphasize either substantively interpretable or redundancy-free explanations, and some designs apply an inductive/explorative mode of reasoning, while others integrate deductive elements. Based on extant literature, we discuss issues surrounding inference with QCA and the tools available under different approaches to address these issues. We specify trade-offs and the importance of doing justice to the nature and goals of QCA in a specific research context.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Workload and Stress towards Burnout in Special Needs Teachers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhitah Jihan Wijaya ◽  
Endang Prastuti
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Students With Special Needs ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Stress Measuring ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Effective Contribution

This study evaluates the effect of workload and coping stress in special needs teachers, and considers the probability of burnout. 68 special needs teachers in Malang form the basis of this study and several measuring instruments were used, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) developed by Maslach, the NASA-TLX developed by Sandra, and a coping stress measuring instrument which refers to the coping stress theory by Lazarus and Folkman. This study used the descriptive quantitative method, while the Pearson Product Moment correlation and Corrected Item Total were used to test the item discrimination index. Alpha Cornbach was used to test the reliability. Descriptive and double linier regression analysis models were used. The results show that (1) there is an effect of workload towards burnout (2) there is an effect of coping stress towards burnout (3) there is an effect of workload and coping stress toward burnout with 22.44% effective contribution. Keywords: coping stress, workload, burnout, teacher of students with special needs

Examining Multidimensional Measuring Instruments for Proximity to Unidimensional Structure Using Latent Variable Modeling

2020 ◽  
pp. 001316442094076
Author(s):  
Tenko Raykov ◽  
Matthias Bluemke
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Social Research ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Latent Variable Modeling ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Interval Estimate ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Unidimensional Structure

A widely applicable procedure of examining proximity to unidimensionality for multicomponent measuring instruments with multidimensional structure is discussed. The method is developed within the framework of latent variable modeling and allows one to point and interval estimate an explained variance proportion-based index that may be considered a measure of proximity to unidimensional structure. The approach is readily utilized in educational, behavioral, and social research when it is of interest to evaluate whether a more general structure scale, test, or measuring instrument could be treated as being associated with an approximately unidimensional latent structure for some empirical purposes.

Locus of Control in Blind Children

1965 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley L. Land ◽  
Shalom E. Vineberg
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Construct Validation ◽  
Valid Measure ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Blind Children ◽  
Personality Construct

This investigation was designed to gather construct validation data for a much used test of a promising new personality construct. The Bialer-Cromwell Children's Locus of Control Scale was administered to 54 blind children and sighted children matched for mental age. The results indicated that blind children scored lower for internal control than sighted children; younger children scored lower than older children on the same trait. The scale demonstrated itself to be a valid measure of a trait seemingly related to an individual's ability to perceive himself in control of events around him.

Self-Esteem – a Psychiatric View

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Robson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Construct Validation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Measuring Instrument

The literature relating to the acquisition, maintenance, and clinical significance of self-esteem reveals theoretical differences between earlier investigators. The nature of self-esteem remains controversial, and attention is drawn to some of the problems of construct validation and measurement. Despite the difficulties, self-esteem is a concept worthy of further pursuit. This will require a measuring instrument that captures the concept more effectively than those currently available.

Research on Pointer Locating for Analog Measuring Instrument

2013 ◽  
Vol 444-445 ◽  
pp. 1395-1399
Author(s):  
Quan Wu Li ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Yu Hui Li ◽  
Hui Juan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Theory ◽  
Hough Transform ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Analog Measuring ◽  
Rectangular Area ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Bottom To Top

This paper presents a pointer positioning method based on Hough transform, which turns an arc scale to a transverse rectangular scales, scans the region from bottom to top line by line, determines smaller rectangular area containing pointer only, uses Hough transform in linear theory to detect the pointer position in the region. Experiments show that this method can locate the pointer position quickly and efficiently in analog measuring instruments.

scholarly journals The Manufacturing of Low Temperature Measuring Devices Using a PT-100 Sensor Based on ATmega328 Microcontroller

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Bhakti Hardian Yusuf ◽  
I Made Satriya Wibawa ◽  
I Ketut Putra
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Reference Measuring ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Temperature Measuring ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Reference Measuring Instrument

A low temperature measuring device has been successfully developed using a microcontroller-based PT-100 sensor ATmega328. The temperature is measured using a PT-100 sensor, as the main processor using the ATmega 328 microcontroller, and the measured temperature is displayed on a 2x16 LCD. The results of the calibration at a temperature of 77 - 300 K against the reference measuring instrument obtained that, the ratio of the measured temperature between the reference measuring instrument and the measuring instrument made was 0.9893 ± 3.69 K and the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.9987. This indicates that the measurement results of the measuring instruments made have an accuracy level of 98.93% and a precision of 99.87%. Keywords: Low temperature, PT-100 Sensor, ATmega328 Microcontroller, LCD 2x16

scholarly journals ALAT PENGHITUNG BERAT BADAN MANUSIA DENGAN STANDART BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR LOAD CELL BERBASIS ARDUINO MEGA 2560 R3

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Dewantara Dewantara ◽  
Priyo Sasmoko
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Actual Height ◽  
System Controller ◽  
Error Percentage ◽  
Frequent Measurement ◽  
The Ideal

Dewantara, Priyo Sasmoko, in this paper explain that a measuring instrument is a tool used by humans to help determine parameters such as height and weight. Most height and weight gauges used today still use simple and still conventional equipment. In addition, if manually, there are still frequent measurement errors that come from the measuring instrument itself or from the human. This happens because of inaccuracies in reading measuring instruments that lack precision or perhaps from the human factor itself. The purpose of this study was to create a digital height and weight automation system accompanied by displaying its ideal weight based on height. This system is built using Arduino as a system controller. The ultrasonic sensor is used as a measure of height. Load cell is used as a measure of weight. And a 20x4 LCD to display the output. From testing and analyzing the results of measurements of height according to the actual height, the results of measurements of weight have an error percentage of 0.53% - 2.77%. The system determines the ideal or not body weight based on BMI. Keywords: 20x4 LCD, Load Cell Sensor, Arduino.ReferencesFogaswara, Eka. 2013. Prinsip Dasar Kelistrikan dan konversi energy untuk SMK/MAK. Bandung: CV ARMICO.Massimo dkk, Arduino/Genuino Mega 2560. 28 Juli 2015.  https://www.arduino.cc/en/Ma in/ArduinoBoardMega2560. Diakses pada 28 Juli 2015.Anonim. Sensor. 5 September 2015. http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/sensor. Diakses  pada 5 September 2015Anonim. HX711 Weight Scale ADC Modul. 6 September 2015. http://www.vcc2gnd.com/Diakses pada 6 September 2015Arifai, Samsul. Dkk, 2014, Rangkain Catu Daya. http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.e du.documents/ Diakses  pada 24 Agustus 2015Malvino, Prinsip-prinsip Elektronika, Buku satu, Salemba Teknika, hal 66Anonim. Catu daya. 6 September 2015. http://profil.widodoonline.com /Elektronika/komponen/praktik um/teori-dasar-catu-daya.html

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document