scholarly journals ALAT PENGHITUNG BERAT BADAN MANUSIA DENGAN STANDART BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR LOAD CELL BERBASIS ARDUINO MEGA 2560 R3

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Dewantara Dewantara ◽  
Priyo Sasmoko
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Load Cell ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Actual Height ◽  
System Controller ◽  
Error Percentage ◽  
Frequent Measurement ◽  
The Ideal

Dewantara, Priyo Sasmoko, in this paper explain that a measuring instrument is a tool used by humans to help determine parameters such as height and weight. Most height and weight gauges used today still use simple and still conventional equipment. In addition, if manually, there are still frequent measurement errors that come from the measuring instrument itself or from the human. This happens because of inaccuracies in reading measuring instruments that lack precision or perhaps from the human factor itself. The purpose of this study was to create a digital height and weight automation system accompanied by displaying its ideal weight based on height. This system is built using Arduino as a system controller. The ultrasonic sensor is used as a measure of height. Load cell is used as a measure of weight. And a 20x4 LCD to display the output. From testing and analyzing the results of measurements of height according to the actual height, the results of measurements of weight have an error percentage of 0.53% - 2.77%. The system determines the ideal or not body weight based on BMI. Keywords: 20x4 LCD, Load Cell Sensor, Arduino.ReferencesFogaswara, Eka. 2013. Prinsip Dasar Kelistrikan dan konversi energy untuk SMK/MAK. Bandung: CV ARMICO.Massimo dkk, Arduino/Genuino Mega 2560. 28 Juli 2015.  https://www.arduino.cc/en/Ma in/ArduinoBoardMega2560. Diakses pada 28 Juli 2015.Anonim. Sensor. 5 September 2015. http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/sensor. Diakses  pada 5 September 2015Anonim. HX711 Weight Scale ADC Modul. 6 September 2015. http://www.vcc2gnd.com/Diakses pada 6 September 2015Arifai, Samsul. Dkk, 2014, Rangkain Catu Daya. http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.e du.documents/ Diakses  pada 24 Agustus 2015Malvino, Prinsip-prinsip Elektronika, Buku satu, Salemba Teknika, hal 66Anonim. Catu daya. 6 September 2015. http://profil.widodoonline.com /Elektronika/komponen/praktik um/teori-dasar-catu-daya.html

Controlling Decremental and Inflationary Effects in Reliability Estimation Resulting from Violations of Assumptions

2001 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Becker
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Classical Test Theory ◽  
Reliability Estimation ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Correlated Errors ◽  
Classical Test ◽  
Practical Level

Two assumptions in classical test theory, essential tau-equivalence and independence of measurement errors, when violated may produce attenuated or inflated estimates of reliability, respectively. Inflation stemming from correlated errors can be controlled by a procedure in which systematically created equivalent halves of a given measuring instrument are administered across two occasions. When poor approximations to equivalent halves are constructed for this purpose, however, distortion in the opposite direction may result, being sometimes quite large when measuring instruments are not essentially tau-equivalent (or, at the practical level, unidimensional). The nature of these decrements are discussed and illustrated, and a number of procedures for eliminating them introduced.

scholarly journals Research of Errors in Measuring Instruments with Fixed Ends of Measurement Range by Integral Functional Method

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Y. Stentsel ◽  
K. Litvinov ◽  
T. Sotnikova ◽  
V. Lopatin
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Integral Functional ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Static Characteristic ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Additional Measurement ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Influence Parameter

The article presents the research results of additional errors in measuring instruments caused by the change of normalized influential parameters. The analysis of modern methods of additional measurement errors determination is performed, and their disadvantages are shown. A new method for research and determination of additional errors is proposed, which is based on Euler’s optimality integral functional. Applicability of such measurement errors research by the integral functional method is substantiated, the essence of which is to determine the difference of planes with nominal and current static characteristics of the measuring instrument with further definition of the integral functional and measurement errors. The research results of additional measurement errors are presented for the case when the static characteristic of the measuring instrument is linear and fixed at the initial input signal. It is shown that for measuring instruments with the linear static characteristic the change of the influence parameter does not change the characteristic linearity, but only leads to nonlinearity of the additional measurement error with increase in deviation of the influence parameter from its normalized value. The mathematical models of additional measurement errors and their graphical distribution along the measurement range are presented.

A new method for absolute calibration of high-sensitivity accelerometers and other graviinertial devices

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-443
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Tarbeyev ◽  
Ye. P. Krivtsov ◽  
A. Ye. Sinelnikov ◽  
A. A. Yankovsky
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Field ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Sensing Element

Abstract To investigate the dynamic characteristics of high-sensitivity graviinertial devices (accelerometers, seismometers, and others) it seems advantageous to use for the input signal the gravitational acceleration produced by bodies with a known mass distribution. This eliminates the need for moving the transducer under investigation. Such motion is needed in the inertial acceleration reproduction as well as for inclining a measuring instrument in the Earth's gravity field. Error in measuring the parameters of the transducer motion is determined by the uncertainties of the length- and angle-measuring instruments being used. Particularly, it concerns the angle measurement errors when the gravity field effects have been taken into account. The existing methods for reproducing gravitational acceleration are based on the use of nonuniform fields of simple shape bodies (sphere, cylinder, and the like). These methods require calculation of the corresponding acceleration, taking into account the spatial mass distribution of the instrument sensing element. The commonly employed approximation results in a procedural error of the order of 10% and over. It is proposed to calibrate a measuring instrument using a uniform, flat gravity field of varying direction. The set-up designed to realize this method reproduces varying accelerations over the frequency range 0.01 to 0.3 Hz with amplitude less than 1.3 × 10−7 m/sec2. This enables calibration of seismometers of various types with a higher accuracy.

METHOD FOR ESTIMATING ERRORS IN MEASURING INSTRUMENTS BY THE SPACE CATALOGUE ORBITS

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
K. V. Sorokin ◽  
E. A. Sunarchina
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
New Method ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Software Complex

Improvement of orbits precision is one of the most important tasks of space surveillance catalogue maintenance. The solution of this problem is directly related to an adequate consideration of the errors of the coordinate information from the measuring instruments. The article consideresd a new method for estimating the precision of measuring instruments on the catalog orbits. To carry out such analysis, in PJSC «VIMPEL» special technological program was created. Main results of a study of radar errors with orbits of space surveillance catalogue was presented. Also, the results were compared with data of measuring instrument's calibration software complex. This software complex provides determination of satellite's position with errors less than 10 m. A new dynamic model of measuring instrument errors is proposed.

The measurement problem of calibration of measuring instrument under specified conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Sergey F. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Measurement Problem ◽  
Parametric Identification ◽  
Correction Function ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Mathematical Apparatus ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Assessment Techniques

The problem of calibration of measuring instruments for given conditions based on the correction function is considered as a measurement problem of structural-parametric identification of the calibration diagram. It is shown, that the correction function allows at the first stage to obtain a ratio for correcting the readings, and at the second stage to obtain a corrected measurement result, it is necessary to identify the probability distribution of possible deviations from it. An example of solving the measurement problem of calibration for given conditions is given. Negative aspects of the practice of calibration of measuring instruments are noted: carrying out calibration under normal conditions according to the methods of verification of measuring instruments; presentation of calibration results by tables of joint readings of measuring instruments and standards; the presence in the calculations of the calibration diagram of significant restrictions on the mathematical apparatus of the «Guidelines for the expression of measurement uncertainty», specified by ISO/IEC 31010:2019 “Risk management – Risk assessment techniques”.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Workload and Stress towards Burnout in Special Needs Teachers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhitah Jihan Wijaya ◽  
Endang Prastuti
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Students With Special Needs ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Stress Measuring ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Effective Contribution

This study evaluates the effect of workload and coping stress in special needs teachers, and considers the probability of burnout. 68 special needs teachers in Malang form the basis of this study and several measuring instruments were used, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) developed by Maslach, the NASA-TLX developed by Sandra, and a coping stress measuring instrument which refers to the coping stress theory by Lazarus and Folkman. This study used the descriptive quantitative method, while the Pearson Product Moment correlation and Corrected Item Total were used to test the item discrimination index. Alpha Cornbach was used to test the reliability. Descriptive and double linier regression analysis models were used. The results show that (1) there is an effect of workload towards burnout (2) there is an effect of coping stress towards burnout (3) there is an effect of workload and coping stress toward burnout with 22.44% effective contribution. Keywords: coping stress, workload, burnout, teacher of students with special needs

scholarly journals METODE PERHITUNGAN MASSA GAS CO2 YANG DISERAP FOTOBIOREAKTOR DENGAN PERSAMAAN GAS IDEAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Arif Dwi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Gas Absorption ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Continuous Systems ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
The Ideal

BPPT conducted the mass of CO2 gas calculation in the gas absorption experiments with phytoplankton cultivation in the photobioreaktor (FBR) batch and continous syatem using the ideal gas equation. This study stated that the method of calculation with the ideal gas equation is more simple and practical in providing data analysis compared with biomass methods. Some things to note in this method include good knowledge about the movement of the gas flow diagram of inputs and outputs FBR, an appropriate gas sampling, and accuracy of measuring instruments. The required data in the mass calculation of CO2 gas in a batch photobioreactor system was resultant CO2 concentration during measurement. Meanwhile in a continuous systems, the requireddata was CO2 concentration at the reactor input and output , the rate and duration of the injection gas.Keywods : massa gas CO2, dry weight, ideal gas formula

Impact of Human Factors on Measurement Errors

2013 ◽  
pp. 274-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinodkumar Jacob ◽  
M. Bhasi ◽  
R. Gopikakumari
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Human Errors

Measurement is the act or the result, of a quantitative comparison between a given quantity and a quantity of the same kind chosen as a unit. It is for observing and testing scientific and technological investigations and generally agreed that all measurements contain errors. In a measuring system where both a measuring instrument and a human being taking the measurement using a preset process, the measurement error could be due to the instrument, the process or human error. This study is devoted to understanding the human errors in measurement. Work and human involvement related factors that could affect measurement errors have been identified. An experimental study has been conducted using different subjects where the factors were changed one at a time and the measurements made by them recorded. Errors in measurement were then calculated and the data so obtained was subject to statistical analysis to draw conclusions regarding the influence of different factors on human errors in measurement. The findings are presented in the paper.

Examining Multidimensional Measuring Instruments for Proximity to Unidimensional Structure Using Latent Variable Modeling

2020 ◽  
pp. 001316442094076
Author(s):  
Tenko Raykov ◽  
Matthias Bluemke
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Social Research ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Latent Variable Modeling ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Interval Estimate ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Unidimensional Structure

A widely applicable procedure of examining proximity to unidimensionality for multicomponent measuring instruments with multidimensional structure is discussed. The method is developed within the framework of latent variable modeling and allows one to point and interval estimate an explained variance proportion-based index that may be considered a measure of proximity to unidimensional structure. The approach is readily utilized in educational, behavioral, and social research when it is of interest to evaluate whether a more general structure scale, test, or measuring instrument could be treated as being associated with an approximately unidimensional latent structure for some empirical purposes.

Evaluation of calibrations for limb scattering sensors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Kramarova ◽  
Pawan Bhartia ◽  
Glen Jaross ◽  
Zhong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substances ◽  
Spectral Ranges ◽  
Stratospheric Composition ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Vertical Ozone

<p>The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite represents a new generation of the US ozone measuring instruments aimed to monitor the ozone recovery associated to the reduction in levels of man-made ozone depleting substances regulated by the Montreal protocol. The first OMPS was launched on board of the Suomi NPP satellite in October 2011. The Limb Profiler is a part of the OMPS instrumental suite, and it collects solar radiances scattered from the atmospheric limb in the UV and VIS spectral ranges. The next OMPS Limb Profiler is scheduled to launch in 2022 on board of NASA/NOAA JPSS-2 mission. These limb scattering measurements allow to retrieve vertical ozone profiles from the tropopause up to the mesosphere with a high vertical resolution (~2 km). The expected ozone recovery is almost three times slower than the ozone loss observed in 1980s and 1990s. To detect such small trends in ozone concentration, the instrument calibrations should be extremely accurate. Comparisons of ozone retrievals from OMPS LP with the correlative satellite measurements from Aura MLS and ISS SAGE III revealed that OMPS LP retrievals accurately characterize the vertical ozone distribution in different atmospheric regions which are most sensitive to changes in the stratospheric composition and dynamics. Between 18 and 42 km the mean differences between LP and correlative measurements are within ±10%, except for the northern high latitudes where between 20 and 32 km biases exceed 10% due to the measurement errors. We also found a small positive drift of ~0.5%/yr against MLS with a pattern that is consistent with the ~150-meter drift (over 7 years) in sensor pointing detected by one of our altitude resolving methods. The spatial patterns in the ozone biases and drifts suggest that remaining errors in the LP ozone retrievals are due to errors in altitude registration and instrument calibrations. We present a study where we evaluate calibrations of the OMPS LP by converting ozone differences between OMPS LP and Aura MLS into differences in radiances. Then these radiance differences are compared with the LP measured radiances to determine errors in OMPS LP calibrations. Since the OMPS LP has three slits, some of the errors, like a drift in the altitude registration, should be common across all three slits, but other errors will be unique for each slit, helping to isolate different sources of errors. This approach can be extended to earlier ESA’s limb scattering missions, like SCIAMACHY and OSIRIS, since MLS has long overlap with the ENVISAT and Odin missions.</p>

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