Insanity Plea: A Review of the Research Literature

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Pasewark
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Insanity Plea ◽  
Research Studies

This article summarizes the limited number of data-based research studies relating to the insanity plea that are to be found in the literature. Although some tentative conclusions might be made concerning some aspects of the plea's operation, the limited data base available makes these conclusions highly tentative and demonstrates the need of much further research in this area.

Normal saline instillation before suctioning: helpful or harmful? A review of the literature

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Research Utilization ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endotracheal Suctioning ◽  
Common Clinical Practice ◽  
Saline Instillation ◽  
Recommended Guidelines ◽  
Research Studies

This research utilization paper reviews the body of published literature on the practice of normal saline instillation before endotracheal suctioning of mechanically ventilated adult patients. Although normal saline instillation before suctioning is a common clinical practice, the research literature does not demonstrate any physiologic benefit to this procedure. Moreover, normal saline instillation may decrease oxygen saturation values (via pulse oximetry) after suctioning. The relevant research studies have been inconsistent and inconclusive because of limitations in sample size and research methodology. Further research studies using larger, more diverse samples, adhering strictly to recommended guidelines for endotracheal suctioning, and examining additional physiologic parameters of oxygenation are necessary. In addition, long-term outcomes of normal saline instillation such as respiratory infection and complications, as well as atelectasis, should be evaluated. Until scientific data can be presented to support the physiologic benefit of this practice, normal saline instillation should be discontinued as a routine or standard practice.

Designing Effective Online Educational Literature Searches

2011 ◽  
pp. 190-201
Author(s):  
Robert Sandieson ◽  
Jack Hourcade ◽  
Val Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Research Policy ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Original Source ◽  
General Methodology ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Research Studies

Knowing the existing research literature has become important for anyone involved with education, informed research, policy, and practice rests on an understanding of unfiltered original source material. Although there has been a proliferation of research studies which are now easily accessible through online resources, being able to find information on specific topics is proving to be a challenge even for experienced researchers. This chapter describes a procedure which first identified field-specific terminology associated with original source material. The parallel terms used in the ERIC database to code the same material was then found. The resulting parallel list of ERIC keywords was tested and validated for preciseness. The finding was that each term’s precision could be established. The general methodology developed here is presented as a way of enhancing peoples’ use of online resources.

Quality Circles: Promise, Problems, and Prospects in Florida

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Quality Circles ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Uncritical Acceptance ◽  
Promise Problems

Productivity improvement is a national priority in the 1980's. The dramatic spread of quality circles (QCs) demonstrates that they are perhaps the most popular technique to achieve this goal. There are, however, few systematic studies of these programs. It is important, therefore, not to draw sweeping, premature, and possibly erroneous conclusions based on uncritical acceptance of claims made by QC advocates and critics. This analysis adds to the limited data base on quality circles by exploring their use in Florida government. Placing Florida in the context of national developments, it examines the QC form, problems encountered with it, and approaches used to address these difficulties. This is followed by an analysis of QCs in the state's public sector. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for current and future QC programs.

The Importance of Nonparametric Statistics in Mixed Methods Research Studies: Implications for Rigor and Ethicality

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-152
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Leech ◽  
Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Nonparametric Statistics ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Mixed Analysis ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Research Studies

The purpose of this editorial is to advocate for increased use of nonparametric statistics in mixed methods research studies, or more aptly labeled as mixed research to denote the fact that more than methods typically are mixed (e.g., philosophical assumptions and stances, research questions). First, we outline how the strengths of using nonparametric statistics outweighs the limitations. Second, we demonstrate empirically how infrequently nonparametric statistics appear in a flagship journal (i.e., Journal of Mixed Methods Research [JMMR]). We document that relatively few JMMR authors use nonparametric analyses to analyze qualitative data. Third, we provide a heuristic example from the extant literature to exemplify the use of nonparametric statistics in mixed research studies. Finally, we introduce a meta-framework for using nonparametric statistics in mixed research studies. Our article contributes to the mixed research literature by promoting increased rigor in particular and ethicality in general during the mixed analysis process.

scholarly journals University Students’ Communication Skills as a Determinant of Academic Achievement

sjesr ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Ashfaque Ahmad Shah ◽  
Zunaira Fatima Syeda ◽  
Sehrish Naseer
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
University Students ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
The University ◽  
Unique Study ◽  
Research Studies

This study investigates into the academic achievement of university students as determined by their communication skills. The differences in groups were measured on the basis of gender, locality, semester and program of the study. The researchers developed their research instrument by adapting from the two questionnaires. One was the research instrument used at the College of Physiotherapists of Ontario (n.d.); and the other was the “Questionnaire-Verbal Communication” (Pierrete Desrosiers, n.d.). Taking Sargodha district as the population, conveniently sampled 160 students from the University of Sargodha were surveyed through the questionnaire. The study was quantitative in nature. The findings of the study concluded that students’ communication skills yielded statistically no effect on their academic achievement. Also, the students at all levels (semesters) and in all programs were reported to have comparably equivalent level of communication skills. This is a unique study of insignificant differences at all levels and programmes; and statistically no interpretable effect of the communication skills of the students from University of Sargodha, on their academic achievement. It challenges previous research studies. It is further recommended to study the same phenomena in further detail to make decisive remark in the research literature.

Understanding Non-Decision Making

2011 ◽  
pp. 910-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sammon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Decision ◽  
Research Studies

Non-decision making (NDM) has received limited attention in the research literature. However, this is surprising bearing in mind that the concept of NDM (the impact of the mobilisation of bias upon a latent issue) can indeed be observed and analysed (Bachrach & Baratz, 1963). Notwithstanding this, there is a considerable volume of research literature focusing on power relations and the impact of these relations on group or community decision-making. These research studies have relevance based on the fact that the concept of NDM has emerged through attempts to theorise power relations in society (Kamuzora, 2006). This entry presents some of the important aspects of what has been researched with regards to power relations and the emergence of the concept of Non-Decision Making.

The Nazi Vote: A National Ecological Study

1982 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Brown
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Weimar Republic ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Complete Data ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Petty Bourgeoisie ◽  
Levels Of Support

Two models of voting are often used to explain the Nazi vote in the Weimar Republic. The first model states that the Nazis' electoral successes resulted from Protestant petty bourgeois and peasant support for fascism. The second model argues that the Nazis gained the bulk of their support from newly mobilized voters. Previous analyses of these models are plagued with serious problems due to their limited data base. This study reassesses these models with the use of an unusually complete data set for all of Germany and concludes that much of the previous work examining the Nazi vote wrongly identifies the Protestant petty bourgeoisie as the major contributor to the Nazi vote. The Nazis received important levels of support from Protestant peasants, new voters, and Catholic petty bourgeoisie.

The shear strength of unsaturated soils

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Fredlund ◽  
N. R. Morgenstern ◽  
R. A. Widger
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Laboratory Test Results

The shear strength of an unsaturated soil is written in terms of two independent stress state variables. One form of the shear strength equation is[Formula: see text]The transition from a saturated soil to an unsaturated soil is readily visible. A second form of the shear strength equation is[Formula: see text]Here the independent roles of changes in total stress σ and changes in pore-water pressure uw are easily visualized.Published research literature provides limited data. However, the data substantiate that the shear strength can be described by a planar surface of the forms proposed. A procedure is also outlined to evaluate the pertinent shear strength parameters from laboratory test results.

Identification Criteria for Learning Disabilities: A Survey of the Research Literature

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Kavale ◽  
Chad Nye
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Research Studies

A survey of 307 research studies in learning disabilities (LD) was conducted to determine the nature and characteristics of the LD identification criteria used. Five categories of LD identification criteria were found; however, in one half of the studies LD subjects were selected on the basis of previous classification or diagnosis. Besides the identification criteria categories, research studies were also surveyed for the actual identification criteria included. Six criteria were identified with exclusion, discrepancy, process, and neurological components being the primary ones. It was concluded that the learning disabilities research literature presents a divergent picture of the nature and characteristics of learning disabilities and reflects a lack of consensus regarding standard identification criteria. Consequently, the LD research literature does not present narrowly fo-cussed subject samples suggesting continued difficulties with generalization and replication of results.

Professionally-Led Support Groups for Cancer Patients: An Intervention in Search of a Model

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice L. Krupnick ◽  
Julia H. Rowland ◽  
Richard L. Goldberg ◽  
Ursula V. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Psychosocial Intervention ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Clinical Model ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Research Studies

Objective: The objective of this review was to evaluate the clinical and research literature on professionally-led support groups for cancer patients and to propose an approach that would address patients' needs from diagnosis through survivorship. Method: Computerized and manual searches, including Medline and Psychlit searches, were completed for reviews of the literature. Twelve research studies were identified that met our criteria for in-depth review. A clinical model emerged from discussions of an oncology study group based on theoretical formulations and clinical experience with oncology patients. Results: We found that recent research suggests that professionally-led support groups are increasing in number and that participation in such groups seems to enhance patients' quality, and possibly even quantity, of survival. Despite this, little effort has been made to determine what type of group may be appropriate for which patients and when in their course of care. Conclusions: If psychosocial intervention, in the form of professionally-led support groups for cancer patients, is to be more effective, it should be guided by a model which takes into consideration the changing needs and concerns of patients over the course of illness and, in many cases, recovery. The authors present an outline delineating what such a model might entail.

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