scholarly journals Genre-Specific Cultivation Effects

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chul-joo Lee ◽  
Jeff Niederdeppe
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cultivation Theory ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Reverse Causation ◽  
Local Television ◽  
Causal Direction ◽  
Tv News ◽  
National Representative Survey ◽  
Practical Implications

Cultivation theory and research have been criticized for their failures to consider variation in effects by genre, employ appropriate third-variable controls, and determine causal direction. Recent studies, controlling for a variety of demographic characteristics and media use variables, have found that exposure to local television (TV) newscasts is associated with a variety of problematic “real-world” beliefs. However, many of these studies have not adequately assessed causal direction. Redressing this limitation, we analyzed data from a two-wave national representative survey which permitted tests of lagged association between overall TV viewing, local TV news viewing, and fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention. We first replicated the original cultivation effect and found a positive association between overall TV viewing at Time 1 and increased fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention at Time 2. Analyses also provided evidence that local TV news viewing at Time 1 predicts increased fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention at Time 2. There was little evidence for reverse causation in predicting changes in overall TV viewing or local TV news viewing. The article concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

Audit Senior Modeling Fallibility: The Effects of Reduced Error Strain and Enhanced Error-Related Self-Efficacy on Audit Juniors' Responses to Self-Discovered Errors

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Emby ◽  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Jost Sieweke
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Accounting Firms ◽  
Big 4 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

ABSTRACT This paper examines the relationship between audit seniors discussing their own experiences with committing and correcting errors (modeling fallibility), and audit juniors' thinking about errors and error communication (openly discussing their own self-discovered errors). The paper investigates the direct relationship between senior modeling fallibility and juniors' responses, and whether the relationship is mediated through error strain and error-related self-efficacy. Survey data from 266 audit juniors from two Big 4 Canadian accounting firms showed a direct positive association between audit senior modeling fallibility and audit juniors' thinking about errors, and error communication. This relationship is positively mediated through error-related self-efficacy. We also found that the relationship is mediated by error strain. However, although audit senior modeling fallibility was associated with reduced error strain, error strain was positively related to both thinking about errors and error communication, contrary to our hypothesis. The paper discusses the theoretical and practical implications of these results.

Self-concept, product involvement and consumption occasions

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1362-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Roe ◽  
Johan Bruwer
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Purchase Decision ◽  
Product Choice ◽  
Product Involvement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Store Environment ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Sydney Australia

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which consumer self-concept (self-esteem) and product involvement influences the wine purchase decision at the retail level given the anticipated consumption occasion. The predictive effects of self-concept on this interaction were also explored. Design/methodology/approach Data collection was in the independent specialist fine wine store environment in Sydney, Australia. Central to the study was the development of a 33-item multi-dimensional fine wine involvement scale (Cronbach’s α =0.846 for 26 final items) for measuring consumers’ involvement. Findings Wine product involvement deepens with age but low involvement consumers perceiving risk in making the wrong product choice may well purchase fine wines for situations where self-concept is a moderating factor. In the case of low involvement wine consumers a positive association exists between situational wine choice and self-concept but no significant differences exist for self-concept across any of the consumption occasions. Age and self-concept were both confirmed as linked to levels of consumption. The findings support the notion that wine consumers aged 45 years and older are significantly more disposed to purchase fine wine products. Practical implications For self-concept to be relevant to purchase it follows that the wine consumption occasion must be conspicuous. Originality/value This study is the first to examine the extent to which consumer self-concept and product involvement influences the wine purchase decision at the retail level given the anticipated consumption occasion.

Knowledge-Oriented Leadership, Team Cohesion, and Project Success: A Conditional Mechanism

2022 ◽  
pp. 875697282110631
Author(s):  
Shahida Mariam ◽  
Kausar Fiaz Khawaja ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz Qaisar ◽  
Farooq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Project Success ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Leadership Team ◽  
Team Cohesion ◽  
Project Complexity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Practical Implications

We examined the impact of knowledge-oriented leadership on project success via team cohesion and the moderating role of valuing people and project complexity on this relationship. We collected data from 121 project employees in Pakistan in a two-wave field survey at an interval of 15 days. The results showed a positive association between knowledge-oriented leadership and project success, and team cohesion partially mediated this relationship. Valuing people positively moderated the relationship between knowledge-oriented leadership and team cohesion. Project complexity had a negative but insignificant moderating effect on project success. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Mediating role of disordered eating in the relationship between screen time and BMI in adolescents: longitudinal findings from the Research on Eating and Adolescent Lifestyles (REAL) study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (18) ◽  
pp. 3336-3345
Author(s):  
Fatima Mougharbel ◽  
Darcie D Valois ◽  
Megan Lamb ◽  
Annick Buchholz ◽  
Nicole Obeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Video Gaming ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Multiple Mediation ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Mediating Role

AbstractObjective:This study investigated whether the duration and type of screen time (ST) (TV viewing, recreational computer use, video gaming) is longitudinally associated with z-BMI and if these relationships are mediated by disordered eating (emotional, restrained).Design:At baseline, participants were n 1197 (T1; 60 % female) adolescents (mean age = 13·51 years) who completed surveys over 2 years. ST was assessed by a self-reported measure created by the investigative team, while emotional and restrained eating was measured by the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEB-Q). Height and weight were objectively measured to quantify z-BMI.Setting:Thirty-one public and two private schools from the region of Ottawa, Canada.Participants:Students in grades 7–12.Results:Parallel multiple mediation analyses revealed that more time spent watching TV at baseline is associated with higher z-BMI at T3 (total effect; B = 0·19, se = 0·07, P = 0·01, 95 % CI 0·05, 0·34), but no relationships were observed for total ST exposure or other types of ST and z-BMI. Disordered eating did not mediate the positive association between baseline TV viewing and z-BMI at T3.Conclusions:TV viewing was longitudinally associated with higher z-BMI in a community-based sample of adolescents, but disordered eating behaviours did not mediate this relationship. However, other non-pathological eating behaviours may mediate the association between ST and obesity and warrant further investigation. Finding suggests that targeting reduction in youth’s TV viewing may be an effective component in the prevention of childhood obesity.

On being moderate and peaceful: Why Islamic political moderateness promotes outgroup tolerance and reconciliation

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-378
Author(s):  
Esti Zaduqisti ◽  
Ali Mashuri ◽  
Amat Zuhri ◽  
Tri Astutik Haryati ◽  
Miftahul Ula
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Collective Guilt ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Order Identity

Islamic moderateness is said to be one of the key factors that contribute to the promotion of peace in Muslim societies. We present an empirical study conducted in Indonesia ( N = 299) that assessed Islamic political moderateness and examined its role in explaining Muslims’ tolerance towards non-Muslims, as well as the first group’s support for making reconciliation with the latter group. We found as hypothesised that Islamic political moderateness was a positive predictor of outgroup tolerance, because of the role it had in positively predicting the sense of national identity as a higher order identity vis-à-vis Islamic identity (i.e. higher order nested identity). Outgroup tolerance positively predicted and, in turn, fully mediated the positive association between Islamic political moderateness and Muslims’ reconciliatory tendencies, including feelings of collective guilt and shame, intergroup trust and perspective-taking, intergroup cooperation, willingness to apologise, as well as support for intergroup empowerment and reparative actions. These findings suggest the benefit of Islamic political moderateness to drive Muslims to appreciate the existence of non-Muslims. We discuss these empirical findings in terms of theoretical implications, research limitations and practical implications.

Maternal Reminiscing Is Associated With Preschoolers’ Reports of Maltreatment During Forensic Interviews

2020 ◽  
pp. 107755952092518
Author(s):  
Monica Lawson ◽  
Bailey Jaeger ◽  
Evelyn McManus ◽  
Ruth Speidel ◽  
Kristin Valentino
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Child Witnesses ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Forensic Interviews ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Developmental Contexts ◽  
Practical Implications

Children’s reports during forensic interviews regarding maltreatment allegations are often critical for legal processes and for guiding decisions regarding services for children and their families. Field research examining forensic interviews with children has identified a wide range in the amount of information children report to interviewers. Research examining associations between children’s forensic reports and their broader ecological and developmental contexts related to autobiographical memory would critically contribute to our understanding of children’s reports of trauma during forensic investigations. Guided by the sociocultural theory of autobiographical memory development and a self-determination perspective of interviewing child witnesses, associations between the number of allegation-relevant details reported by 52 preschoolers ( M = 4.59 years old, SD = 1.06) during forensic interviews concerning substantiated maltreatment allegations and later maternal elaborative and autonomy supportive reminiscing from observations of mother–child interactions during a laboratory assessment were examined. Consistent with previous research regarding children’s autobiographical memory, a positive association between maternal elaborative reminiscing about everyday experiences with their children and the number of unique allegation-relevant details children reported during forensic interviews was observed, but only when mothers reminisced with their children in an autonomy supportive manner. Theoretical and practical implications for interviewing child witnesses are discussed.

scholarly journals Leadership beyond Narcissism: On the Role of Compassionate Love as Individual Antecedent of Servant Leadership

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Brouns ◽  
Kai Externbrink ◽  
Pablo Salvador Blesa Aledo
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Leader Effectiveness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leader Emergence ◽  
Compassionate Love ◽  
Practical Implications

While we already know a lot about the outcomes and boundary conditions of servant leadership, there is still a need for research on its antecedents. Building on the theory of purposeful work behavior and further theorizing by van Dierendonck and Patterson (2015), we examine if leaders’ propensity for compassionate love will evoke servant leadership behavior. At the same time, we contrast compassionate love to leaders’ narcissism as psychological counterpart to compassionate love, because narcissism is not associated with leader effectiveness, but with leader emergence instead. We collected data from 170 leader-follower-dyads in a field study in Germany, while measuring leaders’ compassionate love and narcissism, and followers’ perceptions of servant leadership. We found a positive association between leaders’ compassionate love and servant leadership behavior, while narcissism was negatively associated with servant leadership. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as pathways for future research are discussed.

SOX 404(b) exemption effects on auditor changes

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 387-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin W. Hoffman ◽  
Albert L. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether the Sarbanes-Oxley Act: Section 404(b) exemption caused an increase in auditor changes due to changes in expectations for both auditors and their clients. Design/methodology/approach This paper predicts that this exemption caused a significant amount of auditor changes post-exemption, due to a change in expected future economic rents (audit scope demands) for auditors (clients). Logistic regression analysis is used to examine whether auditor changes increased for non-accelerated filers (public companies with less than $75 million in public float), who were affected by this exemption, compared to auditor changes for accelerated filers (public companies with greater than $75 million in public float), who were not affected by this exemption. Findings The results show a significant positive association between the exemption and auditor dismissals for non-accelerated filers compared to that of accelerated filers. This finding is robust when sensitivity tests are used. Practical implications Prior literature finds that an increase in auditor changes can have various positive and negative effects on the affected companies. Thus, investors will be interested in the results of this paper when making their investment decisions with regard to non-accelerated filers. Social implications The results of this paper will aid policymakers as they consider the pros and cons of this exemption, as it pertains to the affected companies. Originality/value This paper is the first to study the effects of this exemption on auditor turnover for the affected companies.

The value of human capital within Canadian business schools

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajantha Velayutham ◽  
Asheq Razaur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Structural Capital ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Academic Salaries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate whether an individual’s knowledge, skills and capabilities (human capital) are reflected in their compensation. Design/methodology/approach Data are drawn from university academics in the Province of Ontario, Canada, earning more than CAD$100,000 per annum. Data on academics human capital are drawn from Research Gate. The authors construct a regression analysis to examine the relationship between human capital and salary. Findings The analyses performed indicates a positive association between academic human capital and academic salaries. Research limitations/implications This study is limited in that it measures an academic’s human capital solely through their research outputs as opposed to also considering their teaching outputs. Continuing research needs to be conducted in different country contexts and using negative proxies of human capital. Practical implications This study will create awareness about the value of human capital and its contribution towards improving organisational structural capital. Social implications The study contributes to the literature on human capital in accounting and business by focussing on the economic relevance of individual level human capital. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature on human capital in accounting and business by focussing on the economic relevance of individual level human capital. It will help create awareness of the importance of valuing human capital at the individual level.

scholarly journals Explaining the relationship between ingroup identification and intergroup bias following recategorization: A self-regulation theory analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhiannon N. Turner ◽  
Richard J. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Regulation Theory ◽  
Régulation Theory ◽  
Ingroup Identification ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

We tested the hypothesis that regulation of discrepancies between perceived actual and ideal differentiation between the ingroup and outgroup could help to explain the relationship between ingroup identification and intergroup bias when participants are recategorized into a superordinate group. Replicating previous findings, we found that following recategorization, identification was positively related to intergroup bias. No such differences emerged in a control condition. However, we also, in the recategorization condition only, observed a positive association between ingroup identification and the perceived discrepancy between actual and ideal degree of differentiation from the outgroup: at higher levels of identification, participants increasingly perceived the ingroup to be less differentiated from the outgroup than they would ideally like. This tendency mediated the relationship between identification and bias. We discuss the theoretical, methodological and practical implications of these findings.

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