The Effect of Under- and Over-Benefited Support Gaps on Hurt Feelings, Esteem, and Relationships

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. McLaren ◽  
Andrew C. High
Keyword(s):  
Matching Theory ◽  
Informational Support ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Supportive Communication ◽  
Optimal Matching ◽  
Network Support ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hurt Feelings ◽  
Tangible Support

Although the supportive communication people receive from others during stressful times can be helpful, it can also result in negative outcomes. One explanation for these different effects might be how closely the support people receive matches their desires. This study extends optimal matching theory and examines how the discrepancy between the support people want and what they receive (called support gaps) corresponds with hurt feelings, perceived negative relational consequences, and esteem improvement. People can either receive less support than the desire (i.e., be under-benefited) or receive more support than they desire (i.e., be over-benefited), and these different types of support gaps produce distinct patterns of results. Specifically, action-facilitating support, which includes informational and tangible support, and nurturant support, which includes emotional, esteem, and network support, were studied. Results showed that being over-benefited in informational support and being under-benefited in emotional and esteem support is hurtful, and hurt corresponded with negative relational consequences and reduced esteem improvement. Implications for research on support gaps and hurt feelings are discussed.

Session and Network Support for Autonomous Context-Aware Multiparty Communications in Heterogeneous Mobile Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephina Antoniou ◽  
Christophoros Christophorou ◽  
Augusto Neto ◽  
Susana Sargento ◽  
Filipe Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Mobile Systems ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Network Support ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Optimization Schemes ◽  
Service Groups

The increase of networking complexity requires the design of new performance optimization schemes for delivering different types of sessions to users under different conditions. In this regard, special attention is given to multi-homed environments, where mobile devices cross areas with overlapping access technologies (Wi-Fi, 3G, WiMax). In such a scenario, efficient multiparty delivery depends upon the grouping operation, which must be done based on several parameters. In this paper, the authors propose context-aware sub-grouping of content-based service groups so that the same service session can be delivered using different codings of the same content, adapting to current network, users, session, and environment context. The context-aware information is used to improve the sub-grouping process. This paper aims to describe these sub-grouping techniques, and in particular how they improve network performance and user experience in the future Internet by focusing on the improved network-level and session-level mechanisms.

scholarly journals Social network support and harm reduction activities in a peer researcher-led pilot study, British Columbia, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaf Elkhalifa ◽  
Ehsan Jozaghi ◽  
Samona Marsh ◽  
Erica Thomson ◽  
Delilah Gregg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Service Organizations ◽  
Network Support ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tangible Support ◽  
Peer Researchers ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Background People who smoke drugs (PWSD) are at high risk of both infectious disease and overdose. Harm reduction activities organized by their peers in the community can reduce risk by providing education, safer smoking supplies, and facilitate access to other services. Peers also provide a network of people who provide social support to PWSD which may reinforce harm reducing behaviors. We evaluated the numbers of supportive network members and the relationships between received support and participants’ harm-reducing activities. Methods Initial peer-researchers with past or current lived drug use experience were employed from communities in Abbotsford and Vancouver to interview ten friends from their social networks who use illegal drugs mainly through smoking. Contacts completed a questionnaire about people in their own harm reduction networks and their relationships with each other. We categorized social support into informational, emotional, and tangible aspects, and harm reduction into being trained in the use of, or carrying naloxone, assisting peers with overdoses, using brass screens to smoke, obtaining pipes from service organizations and being trained in CPR. Results Fifteen initial peer researchers interviewed 149 participants who provided information on up to 10 people who were friends or contacts and the relationships between them. People who smoked drugs in public were 1.46 (95% CI, 1.13-1.78) more likely to assist others with possible overdoses if they received tangible support; women who received tangible support were 1.24 (95% CI; 1.02-1.45) more likely to carry and be trained in the use of naloxone. There was no relationship between number of supportive network members and harm reduction behaviors. Conclusions In this pilot study, PWSD who received tangible support were more likely to assist peers in possible overdoses and be trained in the use of and/or carry naloxone, than those who did not receive tangible support. Future work on the social relationships of PWSD may prove valuable in the search for credible and effective interventions.

Childhood Polyvictimization and the Life Course: Associations With Depression and Crime

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-785
Author(s):  
Richard S. Carbonaro
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regressions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Parental Abuse ◽  
The Life Course

Exposure to multiple forms of victimization has been shown to have increasingly negative outcomes, but their unique trajectory-setting effects have been largely unexplored. Using a life course approach, this article examines the life trajectories of child polyvictims. I use a nationwide sample including 3,652 respondents after cleaning and preparation. Seemingly unrelated regressions were used to predict depression and criminal behavior in childhood and adulthood. Results suggest that children who experience multiple forms of parental abuse tend to have life trajectories which grow increasingly worse through the life course. However, life trajectories of children experiencing violence outside the home have less persistent negative outcomes. Researchers and interventions should take differing life trajectories into account when attempting to aid different types of polyvictims.

Peer Counseling Behaviors

2012 ◽  
pp. 714-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Fukkink
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Peer Counseling ◽  
Online Support ◽  
Informational Support ◽  
Network Support ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
Internet Support ◽  
Online Setting ◽  
Internet Support Groups

Peers have been supporting one another in a range of internet support groups since the 1980s. A unique feature is the shared social identity among peers, which creates a feeling of solidarity. Three types of online setting can be identified: self-help support groups with similar peers and symmetrical communicative roles; moderated support groups with similar peers and asymmetrical roles; and support groups, which do not share similar experiences, and have asymmetrical roles. Content analyses of these different types of online support have shown that peers offer one another emotional support, esteem support, informational support, and network support. Future studies are needed to generate a greater understanding of the dynamics of peer support and the differences in peer counseling behaviors between the various members of Internet support groups.

Gender Differences in Psychosocial Factors Associated with Athletic Success during Childhood

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas L. Holt ◽  
David Morley
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
English School ◽  
Informational Support ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Athletic Success ◽  
Success Attributions ◽  
Tangible Support

The purposes of this study were to (a) identify psychosocial factors associated with athletic success by talented English school children and (b) examine potential gender differences in their perceptions of athletic success. Thirty-nine athletically talented English children (20 females, 19 males, M age = 13 years, SD = 1.4 years) participated in structured interviews, which were transcribed verbatim and subjected to an inductive-deductive analysis procedure. Results revealed nine categories (comprising 28 themes) of psychosocial factors associated with athletic success during childhood: Ambitions, Choice of Sport, Motives, Success Attributions, Sacrifices, Obstacles, Emotional Support, Informational Support, and Tangible Support. Gender differences are considered and findings are compared to previous talent development and youth sport research.

Networks and Networking Activities of Innovative Firms in Incubators

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny P. Soetanto ◽  
Sarah L. Jack
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
Network Science ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Network Support ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Innovative Firms ◽  
Engineering Firms ◽  
The Uk

It has been widely argued that networks are critical for innovative firms. In the effort to support the growth of these firms, incubators seem to institutionalize support by having systems in place to encourage networking and help firms develop networks with other tenants and potential business allies. However, there is a lack of critical empirical investigation of the different types of networks developed by firms. This paper addresses this issue by systematically examining how firms in incubators develop their networks and what types of networks they might aim to build. The study is based on a survey with firms located at Daresbury Science and Innovation Centre in the UK. The results suggest that incubators often generalize their network support without considering that firms may develop different networks based on their needs. The results also demonstrate that the characteristics of firms do play a role in determining types of network. Science and engineering firms develop networks that differ from those of service and IT firms due to their need to access resources from other innovative firms in incubators, from the Science and Technology Facilities Council and from universities. Similarly, small firms are forced to establish internal and external networks in an attempt to compensate for their lack of resources. Overall, the findings suggest that academic theory on networks of firms in incubators needs to be more nuanced and that the networking support provided by incubators needs to be customized to the actual needs of the incubating firms.

Smartphones and Social Support: Longitudinal Associations Between Smartphone Use and Types of Support

2021 ◽  
pp. 089443932098876
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Lapierre ◽  
Pengfei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Tangible Support ◽  
Over Time

Smartphones provide users with a vast array of tools to reach out to the world. Smartphones can be used to reach out interpersonally with family, friends, and acquaintances, they can be used to scroll through social networking platforms where one can post comments on a friend’s status update or read about the personal lives of their favorite celebrity, and they can be used to surf the web or read the news. Yet, research has also shown that problematic smartphone use (PSU) can be harmful. Of interest in the current study is whether smartphones can help or harm social bonds longitudinally via social support. Working with a sample of 221 college students who were surveyed twice over a 3-month span, this study explored whether various types of smartphone use (e.g., person-to-person, social networking, and mass-mediated) along with PSU predicted different types of social support over time. The results showed that person-to-person smartphone use was associated with greater belonging support (i.e., feeling accepted by people around you) and tangible support (i.e., feeling that you can find people to help with practical needs) over time. In addition, increased PSU was associated with less tangible support longitudinally. Lastly, there were no effects for social networking or mass-mediated smartphone use on any type of social support. These results offer important insights into how smartphones potentially affect our ability to connect with others along with greater detail about specific kinds of use are implicated.

scholarly journals Exploring How People Affected by Methamphetamine Exchange Social Support Through Online Interactions on Facebook: Content Analysis (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ellway ◽  
Rachel Reilly ◽  
Amanda Le Couteur ◽  
James Ward
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Online Social Support ◽  
Network Support ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Tangible Support

BACKGROUND Methamphetamine is an illicit and addictive psychostimulant that remains to be a significant cause of economic burden in Australia. Social media is increasingly being used by nongovernment organizations and health services to encourage the growth of social support networks among people with health-related issues. Several studies have investigated the utility of social media in providing social support to groups of people with health-related issues. However, limited research exists that explores how people who have been directly or indirectly affected by methamphetamine use social media for social support. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the types of social support being sought and provided by people affected by methamphetamine when interacting with others on a Facebook page. METHODS A total of 14,777 posts were collected from a Facebook page and transferred into an Excel document for content analysis. The posts were manually coded into categories of social support using an adapted version of Cutrona and Suhr’s Social Support Behavior Code. Posts could be coded into more than one category. Saturation was reached at 2000 posts, which were used to draw inferences. RESULTS Emotional support was the most offered support type, with 42.05% (841/2000) of posts providing this form of support. This is followed by esteem support, which was provided in 40.40% (808/2000) of posts. Overall, 24.20% (484/2000) of posts offered informational support. Network support and tangible support were the least offered support types, with 2.25% (45/2000) and 1.70% (34/2000) of posts offering these types of support, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that online social support groups can be effective in challenging stigma by encouraging people affected by methamphetamine to connect with each other and talk about their struggles. This in turn represents an important step toward successful rehabilitation.

How do fashion YouTubers and viewers experience social support?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusun Her ◽  
Jaehoon Chun
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Informational Support ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Online Relationships ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Network Support

Increasingly many studies have provided practical suggestions for fashion YouTubers as fashion information sources, but no research has yet investigated the resources exchanged in the relationships between fashion YouTubers and viewers. Based on interviews with three Korean fashion YouTubers and ten of their viewers, this study examined social support in their relationships. Viewers acquired information from fashion YouTubers and, therefore, experienced informational support. Subsequently, as a sense of belonging to fandom emerged, established mainly by viewers subscribing to a fashion YouTube channel, network support was experienced by both fashion YouTubers and viewers. Along with constant communication, they shared their values and experienced emotional support through mutual empathy. Therefore, this study verified previous theories according to which both informational and emotional exchanges are possible in online relationships. Furthermore, network support was an important process, which may be connected to emotional support, since these relationships were autonomously established by online users.

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