A 10-Year Update of “Review and Critique of Empirical Studies of Rape Avoidance”

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Ullman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Rape Prevention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Rape Avoidance

Ullman’s review of empirical studies of rape avoidance is updated to illuminate what has been learned in the past 10 years and what is needed to continue to promote this important form of secondary prevention. Following a brief historical review, empirical studies of resistance strategies to sexual assaults since 1997 are reviewed. Studies of the effects of situational factors, rapist types, and victim-offender relationships on women’s resistance are included. Selected literature on self-defense training and rape prevention related specifically to women’s resistance also are reviewed, as these related areas of research have grown substantially in the past decade and can inform intervention and prevention efforts with women. Recommendations for future research and practice are offered.

Gendered Massacres: Examining the Effects of Cultural and Structural Gender Inequality on the Incidence of Mass Public Shootings

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-905
Author(s):  
Margaret Schmuhl ◽  
Joel A. Capellan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
Gender Hierarchy

With nearly 97% of incidents within the past 40 years committed by men, mass public shootings are a gendered social problem. Yet, empirical research on this phenomenon largely neglects gender hierarchy and cultural factors as predictors, in favor of individual- and event-level characteristics. Despite calls from scholars to place masculinity and threats to patriarchal hegemony at the center of analyses, no empirical studies to our knowledge have examined the role of gender inequality in mass public shootings. The findings indicate that gender inequality, structural and ideological, are important predictors of mass public shootings and that future research should continue to investigate such violence from a gendered lens.

scholarly journals Team Membership Change “Events”: A Review and Reconceptualization

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-251
Author(s):  
Hayley M. Trainer ◽  
Justin M. Jones ◽  
Jacob G. Pendergraft ◽  
Cynthia K. Maupin ◽  
Dorothy R. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Membership Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Change Events ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Team Functioning ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Change Event

Driven by views of teams as dynamic systems with permeable boundaries, scholars are increasingly seeking to better understand how team membership changes (i.e., team members joining and/or leaving) shape the functioning and performance of organizational teams. However, empirical studies of team membership change appear to be progressing in three largely independent directions as researchers consider: (a) how newcomers impact and are impacted by the teams they join; (b) how teams adapt to member departures; or (c) how teams function under conditions of high membership fluidity, with little theoretical integration or consensus across these three areas. To accelerate an integrative stream of research on team membership change, we advance a conceptual framework which depicts each team membership change as a discrete team-level “event” which shapes team functioning to the extent to which it is “novel,” “disruptive,” and “critical” for the team. We use this framework to guide our review and synthesis of empirical studies of team membership change published over the past 20 years. Our review reveals numerous factors, across conceptual levels of the organization, that determine the strength (i.e., novelty, disruptiveness, criticality) of a team membership change event and, consequently, its impact on team functioning and performance. In closing, we provide propositions for future research that integrate a multilevel, event-based perspective of team membership change and demonstrate how team membership change events may impact organizational systems over time and across levels of observation.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Team Diversity and Performance: Toward an Integrated Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wencang Zhou ◽  
Elizabeth Rosini
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Team Diversity ◽  
Team Research ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Team ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Performance

AbstractA research need exists to systematically evaluate the status quo of research on the link between entrepreneurial team diversity and performance, identify challenges, and advance the entrepreneurial team research. By analyzing 31 empirical studies on entrepreneurial teams, the current study fulfilled three main purposes. First, we conduct a comprehensive, systematic review of the possible association between entrepreneurial team diversity and performance by summarizing, quantitatively synthesizing, and analyzing the quantitative studies in this area. Second, we further examine these theoretical accounts by evaluating whether diversity impact varies with situational factors. Third, we identify research gaps and propose an integrated model that directs future research.

Strategic Decision Processes: Critical Review and Future Directions

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Rajagopalan ◽  
Abdul M. A. Rasheed ◽  
Deepak K. Datta
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Building Research ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
Process Characteristics

This article develops an integrative framework of strategic decision processes based on a review of the past literature. The framework incorporates environmental, organizational, and decision-specific antecedents of process characteristics, and their process and economic outcomes. Key empirical studies are reviewed in the context of the framework and major patterns and contradictions are identified. Based on this review, useful implications for theory building, research methods and managerial practice are identified and several directions for future research are presented.

scholarly journals Hypercompetition: a review and agenda for future research

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annesofie Lindskov
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Competitive Situation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to review and understand the dimensionality of hypercompetition, factors causing a hypercompetitive environment and the consequences of hypercompetition on markets. Thereby, the purpose of the study is to cover the main contributors in the research field of hypercompetition and explore their findings and different views on hypercompetition. Design/methodology/approach Systematically review 131 conceptual and empirical studies published or presented at a conference in the past 25 years, with the focus on the definitions, causes and consequences (or presumed effects) of hypercompetition. In the paper, I follow the well-known systematic literature review method by Tranfield et al. (2003). Findings The contribution of the study is to advance the knowledge of researchers and managers, in such a way that it becomes easier for them to select relevant variables to measure hypercompetition and identify strategies for gaining temporary competitive advantages in hypercompetitive environments. The construct of hypercompetition required a consolidation of commonalities in the definitions and characteristics used by scholars, to ensure that proper assumptions and variables are being used to measure hypercompetition in future research. Several ways to measure the effects of hypercompetition on firms, industries and individuals have been proposed, but the field still lacks of a clear definition on how to directly measure the construct. Practical implications In this paper, I highlight three managerial implications of hypercompetition as follows: action-based strategy, the determinants of hypercompetition and the importance for managers of accurately establishing their firm’s competitive situation. Originality/value Previous reviews in the area have either focussed on specific components or effects of hypercompetition. The present study collectively takes into consideration the definitions, causes and consequences of hypercompetition on firms, industries and individuals. The contribution of the paper is to indicate future opportunities and challenges within research on hypercompetition.

A Review of Studies on Languaging and Second Language Learning (2006-2017)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiying Niu ◽  
Lijia Li
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
L2 Learning

Since Swain postulated the concept “languaging” in 2006 to capture the role of language production in second language (L2) learning, a growing body of empirical studies has been conducted on languaging. However, little research has reviewed these studies. The present paper reviews 15 empirical studies that were conducted over the past decade on languaging in L2 learning, followed Vygotsky’s socioculutral theory of mind, and directly took languaging as the treatment or part of the treatment. We distinguished task-prompted and teacher-imposed languaging in the paper. All studies reviewed focused on teacher-imposed languaging. On the basis of reviewing the foci and findings of the studies, we offer our critical comments and recommendations for future research.

A review of multimedia glosses and their effects on L2 vocabulary acquisition in CALL literature

ReCALL ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali Mohsen ◽  
M. Balakumar
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Computer Assisted Language Learning ◽  
The Past ◽  
L2 Vocabulary

AbstractThis article reviews the literature of multimedia glosses in computer assisted language learning (CALL) and their effects on L2 vocabulary acquisition during the past seventeen years. Several studies have touched on this area to examine the potential of multimedia in a CALL environment in aiding L2 vocabulary acquisition. In this review, the researchers investigate the studies that deal with different modes of multimedia annotations in a CALL environment. This article reviews the empirical studies of multimedia glosses in reading as well as in listening comprehension activities and discusses the factors under which these studies have been conducted and their impact on L2 vocabulary acquisition. The study aims to understand how multimedia glosses have been used in the past to support second language vocabulary acquisition and also to explore any evidence regarding how multimedia glosses in a CALL environment can enhance the acquisition of L2 vocabulary. Only empirical studies (18 studies published in international refereed journals and conference) have been reviewed exclusively. The article discusses the findings of the reviewed studies and recommends future research.

Service environment research opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-346
Author(s):  
Julie Baker ◽  
Kara Bentley ◽  
Charles Lamb, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Service Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environment Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Service Environments

Purpose This paper aims to explore the evolution of the service environment literature and speculates about future research in this area. This paper focuses on studies regarding how the interior and exterior environments of physical service settings (including retail stores) influence consumer response. Web atmospherics are not covered in this paper. In addition, while a number of studies have been conducted on retail and service atmospherics elements in other disciplines, such as environmental psychology and leisure and hospitality, the focus is on research published in marketing and consumer-related journals. Design/methodology/approach This paper reports the results of empirical studies; however, as there are few empirical studies on the effects of exterior environmental characteristics (e.g. storefronts) in marketing, two conceptual papers on this topic will be reviewed to set the stage for future research on exterior design. Findings Over the past 40 years, there has been a proliferation of articles on how service environments influence consumer responses. The review covers illustrative examples of articles in several categories of environmental topics. The areas for future research based on the review are suggested. Originality/value An up-to-date review of service environment research that is broad in scope is provided. The authors also propose 41 different research questions based on the review that services scholars can use to take this area of inquiry forward.

Theoretical Foundations for Family-Owned Business: A Conceptual and Research-Based Paradigm

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max S. Wortman
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

As a field of study, family-owned business has lacked a coherent comprehensive framework. Currently the field is based largely on the succession literature, where the number of conceptual and empirical studies has doubled in the past five years. By using a conceptual and research-based typology for the field, the conceptual and empirical studies can be evaluated. Based upon the typology, potential studies and questions have been suggested for future research.

scholarly journals Push–pull factors influencing international return migration intentions: a systematic literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed-Abdullahi Mohamed ◽  
Asmat-Nizam Abdul-Talib
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review motivational factors driving migration return by assessing both push and pull factors that influence return intentions. The study aims to expand current literature of migration return, and proposes a conceptual framework. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review was conducted to determine the push–pull factors that influence international return migration. The authors did a comprehensive search of electronic databases using relevant key terms. Findings The findings highlight motivational factors in detail and classify them into three categories: economic, psychological and situational. Most of the literature concerning motives of migration return discussed economic and psychological as the two major factors, but here other motivational factors are presented, which are named as situational factors in this study. Research limitations/implications The paper adopts a systematic literature review method to probe into existing literature, inevitably lacking some empirical studies; thus, the results may not be generalizable. Therefore, future research is suggested to test the proposed propositions. Practical implications The paper offers compelling propositions, which could be a useful reference for migrants’ repatriation motives. It will shed light on motivational factors beyond economic and physiological factors. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to provide a comprehensive review of motivational factors of migration return using push–pull theory and propose beyond psychological and economic factors.

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