Multiple Pathways to Juvenile Recidivism: Examining Parental Drug and Mental Health Problems, and Markers of Neuropsychological Deficits Among Serious Juvenile Offenders

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1009-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Baglivio ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
Michael G. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

The current study examines multiple pathways to antisocial behavior involving neurobiologically based measures and indicators of executive functioning in the interest of informing treatment and intervention services for the deepest end juvenile justice placements. Specifically, using a statewide, multiyear sample of over 11,000 male juvenile offenders completing residential commitment placements, we employ structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine whether parental drug, alcohol, and mental health problems have a direct effect on neurocognitive deficits (as measured by formal Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD], or formal Conduct Disorder [CD] diagnoses) and temperamental deficits (as measured by effortful control and negative emotionality), which in turn are examined for their direct effects on recidivism. Results show that parental problems were associated with an increased likelihood of formal ADHD diagnosis as well increased negative emotionality among youth. Furthermore, ADHD and temperamental deficits (both effortful control and negative emotionality) were significantly related to continued offending. These findings may be helpful in treatment planning, targeting of intervention, and discussions of primary and secondary prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Negative and Positive Mental Health Among Nursing Students in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryon C. McDermott ◽  
Sharon M. Fruh ◽  
Susan Williams ◽  
Caitlyn Hauff ◽  
Scott Sittig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Multigroup Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychological Strengths

BACKGROUND: Researchers have documented significant psychological problems among nursing students, but findings have been inconclusive as to whether nursing students are “at-risk” for mental health problems compared with their non-nursing peers. AIMS: This study examined whether nursing students have unique mental health characteristics compared with students from other professions. METHOD: Undergraduates ( N = 18,312; nursing n = 1,399) were selected from the 2016-2017 National Healthy Minds Study. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (depression), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (anxiety), and the Flourishing Scale (positive psychology). RESULTS: Nursing students were equally likely to screen positive for depression and anxiety compared with their non-nursing peers. However, when controlling for gender, age, and year in school, multigroup structural equation modeling analyses revealed that female (but not male) nursing students reported significantly higher levels of specific anxiety symptoms and certain psychological strengths than female students from other professions. Nursing students are equally likely to screen positive for depression or anxiety as their non-nursing peers; however, anxiety disorders may reflect symptom profiles unique to nursing students. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest a need for tailored screening and interventions to reduce mental health problems and harness psychological strengths unique to nursing students.

Can mental health problems predict dispositional self-determination? Needs satisfaction as mediator

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Zhou ◽  
Xiao-Wen Li ◽  
Jiong Yang ◽  
Ning Ren
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
First Year College ◽  
Needs Satisfaction ◽  
First Year College Students

Motivational self-determination and its role in relation to various health-related variables in Western countries have been the focus of many researchers. However, little is known about dispositional self-determination and the influence of mental health problems among the Chinese. We examined dispositional self-determination among Chinese first-year college students and tested whether or not mental health problems could predict self-determination through needs satisfaction. Data were collected from 496 students at 2 time periods. Results showed that there was no difference in dispositional self-determination among the various demographic groups. However, participants whose university experience met their expectations reported a higher degree of self-determination than did those who had found it did not meet their expectations. Structural equation modeling results revealed that mental health problems at Time 1 could negatively predict self-determination at Time 2. This relationship was partially mediated by needs satisfaction measured at Time 2. Practical implications and limitations are discussed.

Effortful control as modifier of the association between negative emotionality and adolescents' mental health problems

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERTINE J. OLDEHINKEL ◽  
CATHARINA A. HARTMAN ◽  
ROBERT F. FERDINAND ◽  
FRANK C. VERHULST ◽  
JOHAN ORMEL
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Negative Emotionality

scholarly journals Internalized Stigmatization, Social Support, and Individual Mental Health Problems in the Public Health Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiannan Li ◽  
Wenqi Liang ◽  
Bocong Yuan ◽  
Guojun Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Anxiety Depression

This study investigates the relationship between internalized stigmatization brought on by epicenter travel experiences and mental health problems (including anxiety, depression, and shame) during the period of the novel coronavirus disease emergency in China. The cross-sectional data were collected using the time-lag design to avoid the common method bias as much as possible. Regression results using structural equation modeling show that the internalized stigmatization of epicenter travel experiences may have positive relationships with mental health problems (i.e., anxiety, depression, and shame), and such relationships can be moderated by social support. Specifically, the positive relationships between internalized stigmatization and mental health problems are buffered/strengthened when social support is at a high/low level. The findings of this study suggest that, in this epidemic, people who have epicenter travel experience could be affected by internalized stigmatization, no matter whether they have ever got infected.

scholarly journals Trauma, Sleep and Mental Health Problems in Low-Income Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Fusco ◽  
Yan Yuan ◽  
Hyunji Lee ◽  
Christina E. Newhill
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Low-income young adults are more likely to have exposure to trauma, which increases risk for mental health problems. Although adequate sleep promotes good health, people with histories of trauma are more likely to have sleep problems. The current study explored whether poor sleep mediated the relationship between trauma exposure and mental health. A sample of 143 low-income 18–24-year-old young adults completed depression, anxiety, and trauma exposure measures and wore sleep monitors for four nights. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine both direct and indirect effects of variables. Results showed that higher trauma exposure was associated with depression and anxiety. Mean sleep hours per night was fewer than six, far below recommended guidelines for optimal health and functioning. Fewer sleep hours partially mediated the relationship between both trauma exposure and depression and anxiety, and the direct effect from trauma remained significant after adjusting for the partial mediation from sleep.

scholarly journals Validation of the Strengths and Difficulties Self-Report in Norwegian Sign Language

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Margaret Aanondsen ◽  
Thomas Jozefiak ◽  
Kerstin Heiling ◽  
Tormod Rimehaug
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract The majority of studies on mental health in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children report a higher level of mental health problems. Inconsistencies in reports of prevalence of mental health problems have been found to be related to a number of factors such as language skills, cognitive ability, heterogeneous samples as well as validity problems caused by using written measures designed for typically hearing children. This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in Norwegian Sign Language (NSL; SDQ-NSL) and in written Norwegian (SDQ-NOR). Forty-nine DHH children completed the SDQ-NSL as well as the SDQ-NOR in randomized order and their parents completed the parent version of the SDQ-NOR and a questionnaire on hearing and language-related information. Internal consistency was examined using Dillon–Goldstein’s rho, test–retest reliability using intraclass correlations, construct validity by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and partial least squares structural equation modeling. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were established as acceptable to good. CFA resulted in a best fit for the proposed five-factor model for both versions, although not all fit indices reached acceptable levels. The reliability and validity of the SDQ-NSL seem promising even though the validation was based on a small sample size.

Marital Quality as a Mechanism Linking Childhood Abuse to Mental Health

2022 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110598
Author(s):  
Michael Fitzgerald ◽  
Jacob A. Esplin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Midlife Development ◽  
Using Data

Childhood abuse has been widely associated with mental health problems in adulthood and marital quality may be one possible mediator. We examine marital quality as a mediator linking childhood abuse to positive affect, negative affect, emotionally reactivity, and aggression. Using data from Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), results of structural equation modeling indicate that the indirect effects from childhood abuse to each of the mental health outcomes were significant. Marital quality may be a source of resilience among adults who were abused in childhood and could be a point of intervention for clinicians.

Structural Equation Modeling Supports a Moderating Role of Personality in the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Mental Health in College Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Wilson ◽  
Bhibha M. Das ◽  
Ellen M. Evans ◽  
Rodney K. Dishman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Competing Models

Background:A positive association between physical activity and mental health is well established, particularly for lower symptoms of depression and anxiety among active adults. However, it is unclear whether the association is influenced by personality, which might moderate or otherwise explain the association. In addition, past studies have not confirmed the association using an objective measure of physical activity.Objective:Our objective was to examine whether Extraversion and Neuroticism influence the association between mental health and physical activity measured by convergent self-reports and an accelerometer.Methods:Structural equation modeling was used to test competing models of the relationships between personality, physical activity, and mental health in a sample of female undergraduates.Results:In bivariate analysis, mental health was negatively related to Neuroticism and positively related to Extraversion, self-reported physical activity (which was related only to Extraversion, positively), and objective physical activity (which was related only to Neuroticism, negatively). In structural equation modeling, a 3-way interaction indicated that objective physical activity and mental health were unrelated in extraverts, but related positively in neurotic-introverts and negatively in stable-introverts.Conclusions:Higher levels of physical activity were associated with better mental health only in neurotic-introverts, who are at higher risk for mental health problems.

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