Illuminating the Concept of Community (Group)-Level Procedural Justice: A Qualitative Analysis of Protestors’ Group-Level Experiences With the Police

2020 ◽  
pp. 009385482098338
Author(s):  
Tal Jonathan-Zamir ◽  
Gali Perry ◽  
David Weisburd
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Intergroup Dynamics ◽  
Community Group ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Precise Content

“Procedural justice” (PJ) has traditionally been thought of as an intragroup model, characterizing interpersonal interactions between police officers and specific individuals. O’Brien et al. recently proposed that PJ is also a useful framework for examining intergroup dynamics, and can thus be used to typify interactions between the police and communities/social groups as a whole. Yet, as a novel construct, its precise content remains unclear. We use qualitative, in-depth interviews with individuals who encountered police as a group of protestors, to illuminate the constituent elements of group-level PJ. We identify four concerns with group-level treatment: respect for the existence and cause of the group, partnership with the group, recognizing the individual within the group, and displaying the “right” motivation: allowing group activities to take place safely. We discuss the implications of our findings, arguing that they pave the way for more exhaustive modeling of the fairness embedded in authorities’ treatment.

Definiteness in written Swedish by Finnish-speaking immersion pupils at the end of immersion

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-84
Author(s):  
Eeva-Liisa Nyqvist
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Definite Form ◽  
Spontaneous Writing ◽  
Acquisition Order ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Better Than

Abstract There are two primary goals for this study – first, to analyse definiteness and article use in spontaneous writing in Swedish by 15-year-old Finnish immersion students (n = 162) and secondly, to compare their performance with that of non-immersion students at the same age (n = 67). Analyses at the group level show that immersion students usually perform significantly better than the control group, but they also reveal similar problems to what L2-Swedish non-immersion students have demonstrated in previous studies, such as omission of indefinite articles and difficulty in choosing the right definite form of the noun. Still, these inaccuracies occurred less often in the data from the immersion students. The studied constructions also show at the group level an acquisition order similar to that reported in previous studies, explainable by different aspects of complexity and cross-linguistic influence. Analyses on the individual level, however, show different acquisition orders depending on the criteria being used.

scholarly journals Application of the Professional Psychological Quest in the Professional Training of Police Officers

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Н. Е. Мілорадова ◽  
Н. Є. Твердохлєбова
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Innovative Teaching ◽  
Motivational Focus ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The results of the analysis of foreign and domestic approaches to the interpretation and understanding of quest technologies are presented. It is noted that in order to create the proper conditions for the formation of future police officers professional competence, motivational focus on positive personal changes and the desire for professional self-development, it is advisable to use the possibilities of innovative teaching technologies, in particular, trainings and quests. During such classes, participants have the opportunity to learn how to quickly make the right decisions within the limits of their professional competence, applying the obtained theoretical knowledge, as well as to master and consolidate the necessary skills. The educational quest is highlighted as a separate form of design technologies. The features of the developed professional-psychological police quest with elements of the training "Features of the district police officer’s activities" are revealed, its consistent stages are characterized: organizational and preparatory, implementation and final. It is noted that the basis of the police quest is the situational method, the content of which is aimed at mastering the algorithm of actions by the cadets associated with the implementation of the service tasks of the police. It has been revealed that the use of a professional-psychological police quest is an active form of group work and provides the use of set measures aimed at increasing the level of professional training of police officers, developing and changing the structure of interpersonal relations, educational and professional motivation, and contributes to the self-realization of the individual within the professional space. The authors emphasize the advisability of using a police quest, which contributes to the increase of professional competence level due to the increase of the study time amount allocated for practical work, the independent acquisition and use of new knowledge and skills in practice, making the right decisions within the framework of their professional competence, and well-coordinated teamwork.

The National Map of Security Threats as a tool to monitor security and public order

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (31) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Marcin Kaduszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Threats to public order compromise the personal security of the individual, forcing him to take action to improve it, and thus to guarantee it to the closest people. The right to ensure the security of the individual, society is one of the duties of a state whose omission can be considered a violation of human rights. By implementing this obligation, a threat monitoring system was created in Poland – the National Safety Threat Map. It is a tool used by the Police which in 2016 was initially piloted, then already throughout the country introduced this mechanism to monitor and counteract local threats, affecting the safety of residents. This tool uses the Internet as a source of information about threats from citizens. The instruction was issued for both users – citizens, as well as for policemen of users and local administrators, and instructions for proper and reliable implementation. They impose on the Police officers’ specific tasks in the system for the implementation of applications. The work is an attempt to answer the question: What tool is KMZB in the system of monitoring by the state of public security and order? National Map of Security Threats (KMZB) – functions of the National Map of Security Threats in shaping local community safety, constitutes an element of the process of managing the public safety, as well as inspiring the local community in this respect. The Police as the formation serving the society and opened for its needs implemented the additional channel of the information exchange about the most troublesome threats defined on the local level.

scholarly journals Legitimacy, trust and legal cynicism: a review of concepts

Tempo Social ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-145
Author(s):  
Thiago R. Oliveira ◽  
Jonathan Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Legal Cynicism ◽  
Relational Messages ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Life Course

We review the concepts of legitimacy,  trust, and legal cynicism in the context the debate about police legitimacy,  discuss the extent to which these  concepts relate to each other, and  offer some early, speculative thoughts  on a how relational model of  legitimacy can extend beyond  procedural justice concerns. Relying  upon procedural justice theory, we  emphasise the distinction between police legitimacy and legitimation:  popular legitimacy is defined as public  beliefs that legal authority has the  right to rule (people acknowledge the oral appropriateness of legal  authority) and the authority to govern (people recognise legal authority as  the rightful authority), whereas legitimation is related to the criteria people use to judge the normative appropriateness of legal agents’ exercise of power (e.g., the extent to which police officers are trustworthy to behave in accordance with people’s normative expectations). Building on studies on legal cynicism and legal socialisation, we consider how other aspects of police conduct can send negative relational messages about people’s value within society and undermine their judgements about the legitimacy of legal authority – messages of oppression,  marginalisation, and neglect over the life course. We conclude suggesting avenues for future research on public-police relations.

scholarly journals Legitimacy, trust and legal cynicism: A review of concepts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Rodrigues Oliveira ◽  
Jonathan Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Legal Cynicism ◽  
Relational Messages ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Life Course

We review the concepts of legitimacy, trust, and legal cynicism in the context the debate about police legitimacy, discuss the extent to which these concepts relate to each other, and offer some early, speculative thoughts on a how relational model of legitimacy can extend beyond procedural justice concerns. Relying upon procedural justice theory, we emphasise the distinction between police legitimacy and legitimation: popular legitimacy is defined as public beliefs that legal authority has the right to rule (people acknowledge the moral appropriateness of legal authority) and the authority to govern (people recognise legal authority as the rightful authority), whereas legitimation is related to the criteria people use to judge the normative appropriateness of legal agents’ exercise of power (e.g., the extent to which police officers are trustworthy to behave in accordance with people’s normative expectations). Building on studies on legal cynicism and legal socialisation, we consider how other aspects of police conduct can send negative relational messages about people’s value within society and undermine their judgements about the legitimacy of legal authority – messages of oppression, marginalisation, and neglect over the life course. We conclude suggesting avenues for future research on public-police relations.

Boundaries of Restricting the Rights of Human and Citizen

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Manol Stanin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractLimitation of rights is a measure proved its effectiveness with positive results for the community in war, military or another emergency.Attitude to rightsmust be human with a view to the right-to-human relationshipbecause the crossing of a certain boundary leads to a disintegration of rights and a negative impact on the personality.This implies necessity from legal institutionalization of clear criteria to refine the limitation of rights, both for the purpose of their protection and for the purpose of protecting the individual.

Tourism as a Tool for the Fulfilment of the Rights to Rest and Leisure Enshrined in Article No. 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
Bianca Nicla Romano
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Title V ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Real Right ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Italian Constitution

Art. 24 of the 1948 Declaration of Human Rights recognises and protects the right of the individual to rest and leisure. This right has to be fully exercised without negative consequences on the right to work and the remuneration. Tourism can be considered one of the best ways of rest and leisure because it allows to enrich the personality of the individual. Even after the reform of the Title V this area is no longer covered by the Italian Constitution, the Italian legal system protects and guarantees it as a real right, so as to get to recognize its existence and the consequent compensation of the so-called “ruined holiday damage”. This kind of damage has not a patrimonial nature, but a moral one, and the Tourist-Traveler can claim for it when he has not been able to fully enjoy his holiday - the essential fulcrum of tourism - intended as an opportunity for leisure and/or rest, essential rights of the individual.

VALUE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Narayan Patra ◽  
Jayanta Mete
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Values are like seeds that sprout, become saplings, grow into trees and spread their branches all around. To be able to think right, to feel the right kind of emotions and to act in the desirable manner are the prime phases of personality development. Building up of values system starts with the individual, moves on to the family and community, reorienting systems, structures and institutions, spreading throughout the land and ultimately embracing the planet as a whole. The culture of inclusivity is particularly relevant and important in the context of our society, nation and making education a right for all children.

Ayurveda dietary guidelines during Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1477-1481
Author(s):  
Ishwari Gaikwad ◽  
Priyanka Shelotkar
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Regimen ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The current world situation is both frightening and alarming due to the massive disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The next few days are censorious as we need to be very precautious in our daily regimen as well as dietary habits. Ayurveda offers knowledge about food based on certain reasoning. Indecent food custom is the chief cause for the rising development of health disorders in the current era. In classical texts of Ayurveda, the concept of diet explained well, ranging from their natural sources, properties and specific utility in pathological as well as physiological manner. In this work, the review of the relevant literature of Ahara (Diet) was carried out from Charak Samhita and other texts, newspapers, articles, web page related to the same.  Every human being is unique with respect to his Prakriti (Physical and mental temperament), Agni (Digestive capacity), Koshtha  (Nature of bowel) etc. For that reason, the specificity of the individual should be kept in mind. Ahara, when consumed in the appropriate amount at the right moment following all Niyamas (Guidelines) given in Ayurveda texts, gives immunity and keeps the body in a healthy state during pandemics such as Covid-19. Ultimately, this will help the human body to maintain its strength for life. This article reviews the concept of diet viz. combination of foods, their quantity and quality, methods of preparation and processing, which are to be followed during pandemics and are essential in maintenance and endorsement of health and preclusion of diseases.

Fulfilling the Right to Food for South Africa: Justice, Security, Sovereignty and the Politics of Malnutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-152
Author(s):  
Busiso Helard Moyo ◽  
Anne Marie Thompson Thow
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Food Justice ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Right To Food ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Despite South Africa’s celebrated constitutional commitments that have expanded and deepened South Africa’s commitment to realise socio-economic rights, limited progress in implementing right to food policies stands to compromise the country’s developmental path. If not a deliberate policy choice, the persistence of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition in all its forms is a deep policy failure.  Food system transformation in South Africa requires addressing wider issues of who controls the food supply, thus influencing the food chain and the food choices of the individual and communities. This paper examines three global rights-based paradigms – ‘food justice’, ‘food security’ and ‘food sovereignty’ – that inform activism on the right to food globally and their relevance to food system change in South Africa; for both fulfilling the right to food and addressing all forms of malnutrition. We conclude that the emerging concept of food sovereignty has important yet largely unexplored possibilities for democratically managing food systems for better health outcomes.

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