Cultural Values and Urban Planning in China: Evidence of Constraints and Agency in the Development of the Historic City of Yangzhou

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Huang ◽  
Jan van Weesep
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Chinese Cultural Values ◽  
Transitional China

Yangzhou, once a capital city of China, has been transformed into a post-Socialist city. This narrative of its urban development explains its evolution from “a city for the royal family to build its temporary palace” in Imperial China, through “a city as a tool to develop manufacturing industries” during the Socialist regime, to “an ecological garden and a city with an attractive living environment” in Transitional China. Changing value systems interact with economic and political constraints to explain the course of its urban history. The explanation rests on the premise that urban development ultimately depends on the investment potential of the local economy and local power constraints impinging upon adopted plans. This case study explores how political and economic constraints shape the ambitions of local policy makers and planners, thereby reflecting the evolution of those Chinese cultural values that as development imperatives have shaped urban planning practice in China.

URBAN PLANNING ARCHITECTURE

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
В. А. Ильичев ◽  
В. И. Колчунов ◽  
Н. В. Бакаева
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Intellectual Community ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Internal Arrangement ◽  
The City

Постановка задачи. Новые вызовы современности и динамика общественно-политических и социально-экономических факторов развития России существенным образом влияют на методологию градостроительства. Ухудшающаяся во многих городах экологическая обстановка побуждает по-новому подойти к ее осмыслению и ставит задачу разработки новых принципов жизнедеятельности города, регламентирующих биосферную совместимость городов и развитие человеческого потенциала. Требуется создание программ реновации городской среды и действенных механизмов их реализации на основе новой парадигмы биосферосовместимых технологий. Результаты. В статье рассмотрен принципиально новый подход - градоустройство, под которым следует понимать систему фундаментальных положений о жизнеустройстве на территориях городов и поселений, а также принципы их пространственного развития и расселения. В практическом плане градоустройство - это деятельность по внутреннему обустройству среды жизнедеятельности города, созданию благоприятных условий для жизни всех без исключения категорий и слоев населения. Принципиальные отличия концепции градоустройства от градостроительства связаны с необходимостью осознания единства города и природы, симбиотического «встраивания» города в биосферу. Центральными элементами концепции градоустройства является человек, условия для его развития в городской среде. Выводы. Практика градоустройства позволяет решать проблемы инновационного развития экономики городов и повышения человеческого потенциала, а в долгосрочной перспективе - преобразования городов в биосферосовместимые и развивающие человека в безальтернативных условиях для выживания человечества, ставящих в приоритет развитие интеллектуального сообщества. Statement of the problem. New current challenges and the dynamics of socio-political and socio-economic factors in the development of Russia significantly affect the methodology of urban planning. The deteriorating environmental situation in a lot of cities encourages the design of a new approach to understanding and developing new principles of city life that regulate the biosphere compatibility of cities and development of human capital as the main criteria for the effectiveness of territorial planning, construction and operation of urban facilities. Results. The article deals with a fundamentally new approach-urban planning which should be understood as a system of fundamental provisions on life in the territories of cities and settlements and principles of their spatial development and settlement. Practically speaking, urban planning is an activity for the internal arrangement of the city's living environment, creating favorable conditions for the life of all categories and strata of the population without exception. The fundamental differences between the concept of urban development and urban planning are related to the need to understand the unity of the city and nature, the symbiotic “embedding” of the city in the biosphere. The central element of the concept of urban development is the person, the conditions for its development in the urban environment. Conclusions. As part of the research, the practice of urban planning allows one to solve the problems of innovative development of the urban economy and increasing human potential, and in the long term - transforming cities into biosphere-compatible and developing people as an alternative condition for the survival of humanity and a priority for its development as an intellectual community.

scholarly journals Planning of Kyiv development: historical-geographical aspects

2014 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Yu. Stebletska
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Characteristic Features

Considered the essence of the concept “master plan” of cities, its structure and role in urban development. Distinguished historical and urban planning stages of planning of spatial development of Kyiv. In detail analyzed master plans of Kyiv in every historical and urban planning stage. Determined the main characteristic features of master plans of Kyiv in every historical and urban planning stage. Explored changing of ideas about the “capital city”. Generalized the processes of spatial development of Kyiv. Determined the prevailing scheme of city planning embedded in the master plans in the context of historical and urban planning stages.

TRADITIONAL LIVING ENVIRONMENT OF KUBAN SETTLEMENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Oleg S. SUBBOTIN
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Integral Functional ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Architectural Organization

The main objective of the presented scientific research is to identify the patterns of historical continuity of the development of the settlements of Kuban. The object of the study are urban and rural settlements. The subject of research is the functional and aesthetic principles of the formation of the living environment of residential areas of populated areas in the designated period. The choice of the object and subject is due to the current problematic situation for the preservation and development of the historical centers of the Kuban settlements, due to the high degree of urbanization of these centers, which sometimes leads to the absence of functional logical connectivity and accompanying environmental degradation. The main tasks are the systematization and study of historical materials on the architectural organization of settlements, namely the processes of their origin, formation and development in chronological order with reference to modern socio-economic conditions. The fundamental role is played by the study of historical and cultural values of objects of architecture and urban planning and the potential of their possible use in the formation of habitat. Especially important in this case is the definition of town planning, architectural planning and architectural-artistic features of the spatial organization of the living environment. This is a peculiar vector of further development and improvement of this environment, as an integral functional aesthetic system, contributing to the improvement of living standards, as well as economic, social and environmental safety of the population. The research method includes the study of archival documents, scientific literature on the history of the Kuban, the history of architecture and urban planning; field studies and fixation of monuments of historical and cultural heritage of these settlements. The study used a comparative historical method of cognition - a scientific method that reveals, by comparing the general and the particular in the development of settlements of the Kuban in a certain time period, and formal logical research methods - methods of classification, generalization and typology, inductive and deductive research methods, making it possible to identify differences and identify identical in the history of the development of architectural and urban culture of the settlements under consideration. The study made it possible to conclude that the tradition bears, above all, the character of historical continuity - the preservation, dissemination and development of the national culture, education of respect for the architectural and town planning heritage.

scholarly journals Environmental approach to the formation of public spaces of the capital city on the spit of Vasilevskiy Island

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 04021
Author(s):  
Elena Molotkova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Capital City ◽  
City Center ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Successive Change

The paper develops the theses of D.O. Shvidkovsky, interpreting the evolution of the development of St. Petersburg as a successive change in a number of concepts of urban development. Using the example of the Spit of Vasilievsky Island, the main models are highlighted, their radical focus and the overall scale of implementation, characteristic of St. Petersburg, are emphasized. The fundamental discrepancy of the target settings of the urban planning process at three main stages of development of the historical city center is recorded. It is noted that modern urban planning policy does not take into account the damage caused to its landscapes in the 1840-1910s, when the openness and transparency of the ensemble of central squares were lost, and the Collegiate Square on the Spit was liquidated. The relevance of a return to a multifactorial environmental approach in the formation of urban open spaces today is emphasized.

The dynamics between urban planning and public policy: lessons and experiences from the city of Beijing, China

2020 ◽  
pp. 002085232094538
Author(s):  
Dongquan Li ◽  
G. Zhiyong Lan
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
Planning Models ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Urban Development Policy

Urban planning in China, as well as in many other countries, is viewed as a distinctive governmental function, making strategic and land-use plans for urban development. In recent decades, the urbanization process has intensified, especially in densely populated countries in Asia. Urban centers have often grown faster than the planners’ wildest imagination, creating an enormous amount of urban problems, such as congestion, traffic jams, infrastructure shortfalls, service inconveniences, and pollution. By reviewing the dynamics between urban planning models and urban development policy issues and priorities in Beijing, China’s mega-capital city, this article demonstrates the importance of viewing urban planning as an essential component of public policy and the importance of striving for the better integration of planning and urban governance. The planning profession itself also needs to be innovated to enable domestic and international learning, to embrace planners with varying disciplinary backgrounds, and to use new and open planning methods. Only by so doing can planning truly lead to an urban formation of enduring utility, aesthetic beauty, and spatial justice that can offer a constantly refreshing urban experience.

scholarly journals Poly-nuclear urban system, landscape identity and economic development: The Vega Baja of the Segura River (Alicante) case study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Garcia-Mayor ◽  
Gregorio Canales Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Vega Baja ◽  
Water Canals

In the last twenty years, the territory that comprises the Vega Baja of the Segura River (Alicante province) has experienced a drastic change in terms of how space is occupied. This is observable in the introduction of new uses that modify the configuration patterns of traditional settlements. This paper presents a typology characterization and classification of the evolution of traditional rural settlements which includes new emerging patterns of urban settlements in the Vega Baja’s context. This process has significantly impacted the landscape and the environment, as well as affecting how the local population relates to their living environment. The alluvial territory of the Vega Baja of the Segura River has been historically developed as a result of the expansion of its functional network systems —water canals, pathways, and settlements—  which enable the occupation and colonization of  extensive areas of marshy land. The territorial organization of this study’s area, developed over the course of eleven centuries, remained relatively stable until the 1990’s. However, in the last twenty-five years, the local economy has undergone restructuring, producing a mind-shift among local communities and resulting in a meaningful loss of crop production surface to make way for town-planning developments. The geographical area of this study is characterized by its intensive irrigated agricultural pattern. It is one of the last remaining Huerta European landscapes identified in the Dobris Report. Therefore, a more comprehensive and integrated approach to preserve identity and local cultural values is required so as to propose a sustainable economic development framework.References Antrop, M. (2005) ‘Why landscapes of the past are important for the future’, Landscape and Urban Planning 70, 21-34. Canales Martínez, G. y Ponce Sánchez, M. D. (2016) Pareceres sobre la Huerta del Bajo Segura. El poder de la Identidad y la Cultura en la valoración del Paisaje (Universidad de Alicante, Alicante). García-Mayor, C. y Canales Martínez, G. (2015) La Huerta de Orihuela en el Bajo Segura. Elementos funcionales en la construcción del paisaje (Universidad de Alicante, Alicante). García-Mayor, C. y Pérez Payá, M. D. (2014) La Huerta de la Vega Baja del río Segura: paisaje e identidad territorial (Lulu Press, Inc.) Gormsen E. (1981) ‘The spatio-temporal development of international tourism: Attempt at a centre-peripherary model’, Etudes & Mémoires 55, 150-70. VV.AA. (2011) ‘Urbanismo expansivo de la utopía a la realidad’, XXII Congreso Geógrafos Españoles AGE (Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante) 

scholarly journals URBAN PLANNING ARCHITECTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
V. A. Ilyichev ◽  
V. I. Kolchunov ◽  
N. V. Bakaeva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Intellectual Community ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Internal Arrangement ◽  
The City

Statement of the problem. New challenges of our time and the dynamics of socio-political and socio-economic factors in the development of Russia significantly affect the methodology of urban planning. The deteriorating environmental situation in many cities encourages a new approach to understanding and developing new principles of city life that regulate the biosphere compatibility of cities and the development of human capital as the main criteria for the effectiveness of territorial planning, construction and operation of urban facilities. Results. The article deals with a fundamentally new approach-urban planning, which should be understood as a system of fundamental provisions on life in the territories of cities and settlements and the principles of their spatial development and settlement. In practical terms, urban planning is an activity for the internal arrangement of the city's living environment, creating favorable conditions for the life of all categories and strata of the population without exception. The fundamental differences between the concept of urban development and urban planning are related to the need to understand the unity of the city and Nature, the symbiotic "embedding" of the city in the Biosphere. The Central element of the concept of urban development is the person, the conditions for its development in the urban environment.Conclusion. As part of the research, the practice of urban planning allows solving the problems of innovative development of the urban economy and increasing human potential, and in the long term -- transforming cities into biosphere-compatible and developing people as an alternative condition forthe survival of humanity and a priority for its development as an intellectual community.

scholarly journals Re-establishing a capital city

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (412-414) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Hans Stimmann
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Social Democratic Party ◽  
Urban And Regional Planning ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Planning Department ◽  
Freelance Work

Dr Stimmann, an Engineer and Architect , Assistant Secretary for Planning at the Ministry of Urban Development, Environmental Protection and Technology, Berlin, and also Director of Urban Development at the same Ministry. His professional experience as architect and urban planner includes his involvement in industrial, housing and school construction and he has been Technical Advisorand Director of the Ministry of Building and Housing in Berlin, Urban Planning Department. He has been a member of the academic staff of the Technical University (TU) Berlin, Institute for Urban and Regional Planning; Lecturer at the TU Hamburg-Harburg carrying out research on urban renewal and the preservation of values. He has also done freelance work for the Office for Urban Construction and Urban Research in Berlin and has been Director of Urban Development at the Ministry of Building and Housing, Berlin. He is a member of the Social-Democratic Party (SPD) of Germany. He has published numerous articles in journals and books on urban planning and architecture, and has taken part in several urban planning exhibitions.

Creative Reconstruction: A Systematic Approach to Reinventing Large Cities in Democratic Republic of Congo

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1485-1497
Author(s):  
Mia Nsokimieno Misilu Eric
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Capital City ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Current State ◽  
Legacy Cities

The current state of large cities in Democratic Republic of Congo highlights the necessity of reinventing cities. More than fifty years after the independence, these major cities, like Kinshasa the capital city, are in a state of are in a state of disrepair. They are damaged, dysfunctional, and more vulnerable. Today, these legacy cities do not meet the international requirements of livable cities. Democratic Republic of Congo faces the challenge of rebuilding its cities for sustainability. The movement for independence of African countries enabled the shift from colonial cities to legacy cities. It is important to understand the cultural and ideological foundations of colonial city. Commonly, colonial cities served as purpose-built settlements for the extraction and transport of mineral resources toward Europe. What's required is a creative reconstruction to achieve a desired successful urban change. Creative reconstruction tends to ensure urban transformation in relation with urbanization, by making continuous and healthy communities. Creative reconstruction seems appropriate way of building back cities in harmony with cultural values. The article provides a framework for urban regeneration. The study is based on principle of thinking globally and acting locally in building back better cities.

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