World Oil Resources: An Economic Approach to Appraisal

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
M.S. Modelevsky ◽  
G.S. Gurevich ◽  
E.M. Kharutukov
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Recoverable Resources

Oil will remain a basic component of the world energy balance for no less than 30–40 years ahead. Estimates of the world oil resources vary substantially. The authors present their own estimate of recoverable resources of liquid hydrocarbons (crude oil and condensate) distributed by major regions of the non-Socialist world and differentiated by technical costs of oil production. Most important factors affecting oil production costs are characterized. Until 2020, cumulative world oil demand could be met by development of oil resources with production costs which do not exceed $45/t level (in 1987 US$). However, whilst the bulk of undiscovered resources of cheap, low-cost oil is concentrated in the developing countries, the oil potential of the developed market economies is almost exclusively represented by hard-to-access, high-cost resources.

The Peak of the Oil Age – Analyzing the world oil production Reference Scenario in World Energy Outlook 2008

Energy Policy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1398-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Aleklett ◽  
Mikael Höök ◽  
Kristofer Jakobsson ◽  
Michael Lardelli ◽  
Simon Snowden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Production ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
World Energy Outlook

scholarly journals Development of an online sleep diary for physician and patient use

2010 ◽  
pp. 188-202
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Development Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Evidence Database ◽  
Patient Use ◽  
Over Time

This paper describes the development of an electronic sleep diary and outlines its advantages over the traditional paper based approach still used by many sleep centres throughout the world. A sleep diary is a record of sleep details filled in by a patient normally over a period of two weeks. This information is then used by a physician as a diagnostic tool for identify sleep disorders in the patient. The development method used was convergent interviews with sleep specialists in order to establish initial requirements. This was followed by a rapid prototyping approach in order to produce the final specification. This paper concludes that an online sleep diary is a low cost, viable alternative offering benefits to both patients and physicians. The benefits to patients include the ability to perform functional analysis of their own sleep habits (referred to as sleep hygiene) and to determine factors affecting their sleep patterns. This knowledge leads to greater patient understanding of their circumstances and can lead to a potential increase in patient, physician collaboration. The physician gains access to timely accessible patient information as well as to an evidence database that will allow for greater analysis of sleep disorders throughout the general public over time.

Variation on the Effects of the 2003 CAP Reform and Regional Differences in the Italian Olive Oil Sector

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Sabbatini ◽  
Yiorgos Gadanakis ◽  
Francisco Areal
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oil Sector

This paper analyses the impacts of the 2003 CAP reform on the production of Italian olive oil controlling for the regional differences in olive oil production as well as for the differences between years. Italian olive oil production time series data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network for the 2000-2010 period at regional level is used to examine the effect of the 2003 Fischler reform on the production of olive oil. Production costs and payments received by farmers to support their income are considered. The data were collected at micro level based on a sample of farms representative of the production systems in the country. In order to consider the differences in production among the regions, eight representative regions in terms of surveyed farms are considered. The authors found that the most important factors affecting the production of olive oil are the area under olive groves and labour productivity. Results also show no evidence that the level of payments have an impact to the level of production, however, the type of payments has.

Energy in the 1980s - General problems of collecting and understanding world energy data

1974 ◽  
Vol 276 (1261) ◽  
pp. 431-438 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

This paper attempts to improve the understanding of the available world energy supply data, which are being imperfectly interpreted and increasingly used. There are basic differences in reserves concepts and definitions between the primary energy resources. There is insufficient knowledge to justify the apparent precision of original measurements of most energy resources. The collection of energy data is in many diverse hands, but of paramount importance is collection close to source, because original estimates are progressively amended by opinions which are difficult to ascertain and assess. The factors affecting energy demand are not yet sufficiently understood to take full advantage of the potential of mathematical models. Cooperation between the energy industries must develop. Experience in preparation for the 1974 Survey of Energy Resources by the World Energy Conference illustrates these points of which an understanding is necessary for wise consideration of world energy problems.

scholarly journals The role of Energy Conservation Building Code 2017 in Indian Energy Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1799-1806 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Energy Supply

With the advancement in technology and the need for development by both developed and developing countries, energy plays a vital role in the whole process of sustainability. India’s security score has been declining since 2000 due to decrease in energy storing capacity, scarcity in primary energy supply sources and to much dependency on import. The World Energy Council’s latest Energy Trilemma Index covering 128 countries shows how energy policies are changing around the world. India’s energy policies and infrastructure are rated among the worst in the world with 109th rank with overall score of 50.3. India scores high on Energy Security but struggles on sustainability and equity indicators giving clear indication on revisiting ECBC 2017. This paper reviews and compares ECMs between two versions of the code titled ECBC 2007 and ECBC 2017 and identify the role of human behavior as a missing link. This paper suggest Low Cost Energy Conservation Measure focused on sustainability and environment

scholarly journals Problems of Jute Marketing in East Pakistan

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Azizur Rahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
World Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Supply Price

Jute constitutes the largest item in the export market of Pakistan. At present Pakistan is facing a number of difficulties with respect to jute trade due mainly to the emergence of substitutes and powerful competitors in the world market. While these are the factors affecting long term demand for Pakistani jute, there also exist other important problems associated with jute. The most urgent among them is the marketing of jute. Jute marketing problems arise from economic and physical conditions that are primarily external to individual producers. But the problem of reducing the spread between producers' and consumers' prices is as important as that of reducing production costs. The world demand for raw jute is based on the fact that this fibre is the cheapest packing material in the world. To sell the huge amount of jute that the country produces, the supply price will have to be kept sufficiently low. To keep the supply price low both production costs and marketing costs will have to be kept low.

scholarly journals Recent advances in anthocyanin dyes extracted from plants for dye sensitized solar cell

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Negese Yazie Amogne ◽  
Delele Worku Ayele ◽  
Yeshitila Asteraye Tsigie
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
The Stability

AbstractDye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are under extensive research works due to their appealing features such as low production costs. The production costs and energy conversion efficiency of DSSCs is strongly influenced by the types of dyes used to harvest photons. Natural dyes extracted from different sources are emerged as a potential candidates to synthetic photosensitizers due to their merit properties including low cost, complete biodegradability, availability and less environmental concern. In order to improve the energy conversion efficiency of natural photosensitizers, blending of different dyes, co-pigmentation of dyes, acidifying of dyes and other approaches have been conducted by researchers, resulting in appreciable performance. This paper reviews the factors affecting the stability of anthocyanin pigments and also the solvents needed for efficient extraction of anthocyanins. Moreover, the potential application of anthocyanin dyes as photosensitizers for DSSC along with the work done over the years is covered.

scholarly journals On Oil Production in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Bashkortostan

Vestnik NSUEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
T. S. Trofimchuk ◽  
A. S. Trofimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

The development of the oil complex is of exceptional importance for all countries of the world and Russia. The results of numerous studies and constant monitoring indicate the great contribution of the oil complex to the socio-economic development of individual regions and countries. The article «Trends in the Economic Growth of the Extractive Industry in the BRICS Countries in the 21st Century», published in the journal Voprosy Statistiki, reflects the strategic role of the extractive industries in the group of five major countries of the world in connection with the 10th anniversary of their unification into the summit.In this context, the article analyzes data on the dynamics of oil production in the world and the Russian Federation at the end of the XX and beginning of the XXI century, gives examples of the positive experience of the regions, in particular, the Republic of Bashkortostan.Quantitative estimates are obtained that characterize the dynamics of oil production in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Bashkortostan at certain stages of development. The assessment and characteristics of the main technical and economic factors affecting oil production are given.The presented results of the analysis of the dynamics and structural adjustment of oil production in the spatial aspect are aimed at improving the strategic management of the oil and gas complex in the country and regions in conditions of great uncertainty of the operating environment.

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