scholarly journals Problems of Jute Marketing in East Pakistan

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Azizur Rahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
World Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Supply Price

Jute constitutes the largest item in the export market of Pakistan. At present Pakistan is facing a number of difficulties with respect to jute trade due mainly to the emergence of substitutes and powerful competitors in the world market. While these are the factors affecting long term demand for Pakistani jute, there also exist other important problems associated with jute. The most urgent among them is the marketing of jute. Jute marketing problems arise from economic and physical conditions that are primarily external to individual producers. But the problem of reducing the spread between producers' and consumers' prices is as important as that of reducing production costs. The world demand for raw jute is based on the fact that this fibre is the cheapest packing material in the world. To sell the huge amount of jute that the country produces, the supply price will have to be kept sufficiently low. To keep the supply price low both production costs and marketing costs will have to be kept low.

Supply and Demand in the World Market of Mineral Fertilizers: Major Factors, Tendencies and Forecasts

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Гендон ◽  
A. Gendon
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
World Market ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Major Factors

In article the main attractive fundamental characteristics determining the steady growth of world demand for mineral fertilizers in the long term are considered. However it is defined that such factors define need for fertilizers, but not solvent demand, and in the short term in all segments of branch excess of the offer over demand that can lead to reduction of prices of fertilizers, and also to decline in yield of mining and chemical business will be observed.

Features of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The World

The level of economic development of entrepreneurship in any country in the world is crucial in increasing the competitiveness of the national economy in the world market of goods and services. The activities of economic entities are the driving force for the sustainable development of regions and their suburban areas, and they also impact the welfare of population. The article dwells on the analysis of scientific approaches to the regulation of economic development of enterprises in suburban areas of the region. The article analyzes the scientific approaches to the regulation of economic development of enterprises in suburban areas of the region. According to the well-known classics of the fundamental economic theory of entrepreneurship development (A. Smith, D. Ricardo, V. Laungard, A. Loria) the peculiarities of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban territories of the region are determined by the possibility of distribution of surplus production, minimum production costs per unit of production, availability of labor resources. In modern economic theory (M. Weber, A. Pre, S.M. Kimelberg, E. Williams, C. Vlachou, O. Iakovidou, J. van Dijk, P. Pellenbarg) the development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region can be determined by institutional, innovation, technological, social, ecological and other features of the economy at the regional, state or world levels. The complex and comprehensive generalization of the features of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas is proposed. There are (1) the type of decision taken by an enterprise to carry out business activities in the relevant suburban area of the region, and (2) the influence of internal and external factors on economic activity. The article argues that large enterprises are guided by more objective decision-making reasons, attaching the most importance to the physical and innovative environment. Medium and small enterprises are mainly focused on getting benefits for the entrepreneur in the short-term time period and location in the nearest geographic area. The attention was paid to the tools of ensuring economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region, taking into account institutional changes in the national economy and the experience of developed countries of the world.

scholarly journals Competitiveness analysis of Czech agrarian foreign trade in the context of world agrarian market and agrarian trade of EU-27 countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-514
Author(s):  
Miroslav Svatoš ◽  
Luboš Smutka
Keyword(s):  
World Market ◽  
View Point ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Bcg Matrix ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Balassa Index ◽  
The Eu

This paper analyses the commodity structure of Czech (CR) agrarian trade in relation to the EU countries. An emphasis is put on comparative advantages of particular aggregations from the view-point of their application on the EU internal market. This analysis is based on an evaluation of comparative advantages by means of a modified Balassa index. It is studied in two stages, for the internal EU market and the world market. The analysis results are then shown in a graph. Subsequently, the authors implement an idea arising from a BCG matrix on the results of the graphic presentation. The aim is to identify those aggregations (SITC, rev. 3) which are or have a potential to be a pillar of agri-business (ie, the “cash cows” and “stars”), and vice versa to show the aggregation which are non-prospective in the long term or problematic (ie, the “dogs” and “problem children”). As start are identified as those aggregations which are characterised by the highest growth rate of comparative advantage value. From the analysis results, changes are apparent if we compare the CR trade commodity structure in relation to the EU countries. Findings also concern the development of comparative advantages and following CR specialisation on trade with certain aggregations.

How Economic Dependency Was Created Through the WTO: A Case Study of South Korea

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Yi Fung
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Dependency ◽  
The World

Adapting the framework of dependency theory, the article asks how the economic dependency of less developed countries (LDCs) on developed countries (DCs) is created through free trade. This article uses South Korea’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a case study to illustrate this economic dependency creation process. Based on second-hand data from existing studies, the European Union, and the WTO, this article finds: (i) due to limited farmland size and high production costs, South Korean agricultural products cannot win a seat in the world market; (ii) the local agricultural sector was destroyed in South Korea because small farmers cannot earn a living by farming; and (iii) since the local agricultural sector cannot support the food demand in South Korea, South Korea now has to import a large amount of food. This article concludes that free trade actually destroys the local agricultural industry and the food security of South Korea, and consequently makes South Korea have to rely heavily on DCs for food import.

Analyzing the trade competitiveness of Indian coconut sector in the liberalization regime

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
S. Jayasekhar ◽  
K.P. Chandran ◽  
C. Thamban ◽  
D. Jaganathan ◽  
K. Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Value Added ◽  
World Market ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
The World ◽  
Value Added Products

<p>Coconut export sector in India of late gained an outward orientation, especially since the Coconut Development Board was elevated to the status of export promotion council in the year 2009. In the recent period, the growth rate experienced in the coconut based value added products has been stupendous. Since there is an attempt for global value chain up-gradation at the production node of the sector, it is imperative to analyse our strengths in the world market in comparison with the major competitors. We have used the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) methodology to analyse India’s competitiveness in the exports of major coconut value added products traded across the world. The study revealed that, as far as the coconut value added products are concerned, India is comparatively a very small player with paltry export market shares. The analysis of RCA revealed that comparative advantage of India is lower than the major coconut exporting countries like Philippines, Indonesia and Sri Lanka. The Philippines is the dominant player with highest RCA indices in most of the coconut value added product lines. The study suggests the need to formulate plausible strategies to reach the overseas market and capture the optimal share in market segments. Though we have a strong domestic market base, it is an indubitable fact that in the near future due to the evolving trade agreements even in the domestic sector we may confront fierce price competition from the overseas imports. Hence we need to chalk out modalities and execution plans to elevate our export competitiveness and comparative advantage.</p>

Implications of the Global Financial Crisis on Korea's Trade

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangyeon Hwang ◽  
Hyejoon Im
Keyword(s):  
Trade Balance ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

In this paper, we examine the channels through which the current global crisis affects Korea's trade and assess the implications thereof. These five important channels under investigation are: (1) world demand, (2) domestic demand, (3) exchange rate, (4) credit markets, and (5) protectionism. We conclude that the world demand channel is the most important factor for the recovery of Korea's exports. We expect that depreciation followed by the crisis should generate only small positive effects on a trade balance in the short run. However, depreciation can erode the long-term competitiveness of domestic firms because it can deteriorate not only firms' balance sheets but also banks' balance sheets.

scholarly journals The Export Growth of Pakistan: A Decomposition Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4II) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Mahmood ◽  
Naeem Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
World Market ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Composition Effect ◽  
Trade Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Constant Market Share Analysis ◽  
Constant Market Share

The Constant Market Share Analysis of export growth is used here to capture the world trade effect, the commodity composition effect, the market distribution effect and the competitiveness effect for the periods: 1984-85–1988-89 and 1988-89–1992-93. The results show that Pakistan has maintained her export share in the world market. The market distribution and competitiveness of Pakistani exports have improved significantly between the two periods under study. However, the concentration of Pakistani exports into traditional commodities, whose world demand remained sluggish, has offset the positive contribution of effective market distribution and improved competitive strengths to a large extent. A restructuring of exports (from traditional to non-traditional), an increase in the variety of exports, search for new fast growing markets and an improvement in the economic and political environment are suggested to enhance the export growth of Pakistan in future.

scholarly journals THE LEVEL OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF WORLD MAIN COFFEE PRODUCERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-246
Author(s):  
Nia Rosiana ◽  
Rita Nurmalina ◽  
Ratna Winandi ◽  
Amzul Rifin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
World Market ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
The World

Tingkat pertumbuhan produksi kopi dunia cenderung menurun dibandingkan dengan tingkat pertumbuhan konsumsi kopi dunia. Hal ini disebabkan oleh menurunnya produksi kopi di negara-negara penghasil utama. Hal ini berdampak pada jumlah kopi yang diekspor untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan kopi dunia. Penelitian ini menganalisis tingkat persaingan antar negara produsen utama dalam lima periode waktu dengan menggunakan analisis Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada periode 2001-2003, rata-rata pertumbuhan daya saing antar negara paling tinggi dibanding periode lainnya. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya peningkatan ekspor yang cukup signifikan dari negara Honduras yang berdampak pada nilai RCA. Dalam periode 2012-2015, Colombia merupakan negara yang memiliki tingkat pertumbuhan daya saing paling tinggi karena peningkatan jumlah ekspor yang cukup signifikan. Perubahan daya saing dapat mempengaruhi perubahan posisi pasar ekspor suatu negara. Dalam periode 2012-2015, terdapat penurunan pangsa pasar yang terjadi di Vietnam, Ethiopia, India, Honduras, Guatemala dan Peru sedangkan peningkatan pangsa pasar terjadi di Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, dan Uganda. Posisi Indonesia di pasar kopi dunia tahun 2015 yaitu failing stars dimana pangsa kopi Indonesia lebih tinggi dari pangsa kopi dunia. Peningkatan daya saing akan meningkatkan pangsa pasar suatu negara yang didukung oleh peningkatan teknologi, kualitas dan produktivitas kopi. The rate of world coffee production growth tends to decrease compared to the growth rate of world coffee consumption. This is due to the decline of coffee production in some major producing countries. This has an impact on the quantity of exported coffee to meet the demand of world's coffee. This paper analyzed the level of competition among major producing countries in five periods of time using the analysis of RCA and DRCA. The results showed that during the period 2001-2003,the average growth of competitiveness among countries was found to be the highest compared to other periods. This was due to a significant increase in export from Honduras which affected the value of RCA. During the period 2012-2015, Colombia became a country that achieved the highest growth rate of competitiveness due to the significant increase in the number of export. Change in competitiveness can affect the export market position of a country. During the period 2012-2015, the decline in market shared occurred in Vietnam, Ethiopia, India, Honduras, Guatemala, and Peru, while the increasing market share occurred in Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, and Uganda. Indonesia’s position in the world coffee in 2015 was at failing stars in which the coffee share in that country was higher than in the world market. Increased competitiveness will enhance the market share of a country that is supported by improvement of the technology, quality and productivity of coffee.

World Oil Resources: An Economic Approach to Appraisal

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
M.S. Modelevsky ◽  
G.S. Gurevich ◽  
E.M. Kharutukov
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Recoverable Resources

Oil will remain a basic component of the world energy balance for no less than 30–40 years ahead. Estimates of the world oil resources vary substantially. The authors present their own estimate of recoverable resources of liquid hydrocarbons (crude oil and condensate) distributed by major regions of the non-Socialist world and differentiated by technical costs of oil production. Most important factors affecting oil production costs are characterized. Until 2020, cumulative world oil demand could be met by development of oil resources with production costs which do not exceed $45/t level (in 1987 US$). However, whilst the bulk of undiscovered resources of cheap, low-cost oil is concentrated in the developing countries, the oil potential of the developed market economies is almost exclusively represented by hard-to-access, high-cost resources.

STRATEGIC PLANNING OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1465-1476
Author(s):  
K.N. Andrianov ◽  
◽  
Y.V. Popkov ◽  
A.K. Markov ◽  
E.E. Mozhaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
World Market ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Management ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

In this article, the authors analyze the experience of strategic planning for the scientific and technological development of the PRC. It is concluded that: largely due to effective strategic planning, over the past 15 years, the PRC has multiplied its economic potential and has become one of the most powerful countries in the world. The achievements of the PRC in the development of advanced technologies are especially impressive. The PRC has managed to create from scratch high-tech export-oriented sectors of the economy that are competitive in the world market. The characteristic features of the Chinese scientific and technological development management system are revealed: a clear definition of priority areas of scientific and technological development, concentrating efforts on a limited number of areas of science and technology development that are important for increasing the competitiveness of the national economy; planning manages scientific and technological development, the main one envisaging environmental achievement of long-term and moment of short-term goals, development and certain implementation of such long-term integrated marine programs, software R&D and innovative development; government stimulation of effective cooperation between science, education and business in ensuring the entire innovation cycle - from fundamental research to the introduction of developments in production, for the development of high-tech sectors; the use of a significant part of export earnings for the acquisition of modern equipment technologies; strict regulation of foreign investments in order to direct them to the sectors of new and high technologies; a harmonious combination of planning and market management methods in the development of small innovative business. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the main elements of the state scientific and technological policy of the PRC. In addition, the authors conduct a detailed analysis of the main documents of the strategic planning of the PRC in the field of innovative development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document