Long-Term Outlook for B.C. Gas Production and Deliverability in Relation to Domestic & Export Markets

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Michael E.J. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Energy Mix

Northeastern B.C. has several trillion cubic feet of established gas reserve and estimates of ultimate potential are as high as 50 tcf. Westcoast's current deliverability of 1.9 bcf/d is expected to rise by 30% over the next five years. Through-put on Westcoast's pipeline system reached 0.5 bcf/d in 1992. The new role of natural gas in the energy mix will lead to greater consumption such as in gas-fired cogeneration. The price will be “right” when supply and demand are evenly balanced.

scholarly journals Swing Suppliers and International Natural Gas Market Integration

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4661
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Kim ◽  
Yeon-Yi Lim ◽  
Dae-Wook Kim ◽  
Man-Keun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Natural Gas Market ◽  
Term Contract ◽  
Gas Market

This study explores the international natural gas market integration using the Engle–Granger cointegration and error correction model. Previous studies have suggested that liquefied natural gas (LNG) and oil-linked pricing with a long-term contract have played key roles in gas market integration, especially between European and Asian markets. There is, however, little discussion of the role of the emergence of a swing supplier. A swing supplier, e.g., Qatar or Russia, is flexible to unexpected changes in supply and demand in both European and Asian markets and adapts the gas production/exports swiftly to meet the changes in the markets. Qatar has been a swing supplier since 2005 in the global natural gas market. In 2009, Qatar’s global LNG export share reached above 30% and has remained around 25% since then. Empirical results indirectly support that the emergence of a swing supplier may tighten market integration between Europe and Asia. The swing supplier may have accelerated the degree of market integration as well, particularly after 2009.

The Environment and the Role of Gas

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-122
Author(s):  
Sylvie Cornot-Gandolphe
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

The combustion of fossil fuels causes the emission of greenhouse gases such as C02, methane and NOx. The use of natural gas in place of oil and coal can help indeed to reduce greenhouse gases emission because natural gas is the cleanest of fossil fuels. Its non-pollutant character offers it extremely favourable prospects. World consumption is bound to increase rapidly, from 2120 Bern in 1991 to 3100-3500 Bern in 2010. Expanding world output will not raise any problems of resources because natural gas is an abundant energy source. However, gas production and transport costs are going to rise due to increasing distances between main gas reserves and consumer markets. The financial constraints will be the major factor limiting the growth in natural gas trade. And new solutions would have to be found in order to implement today the projects required in the long-term.

Volume reduction of produced water generated from natural gas production process using membrane technology

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Visvanathan ◽  
P. Svenstrup ◽  
P. Ariyamethee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Natural Gas Production ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spiral Wound

This paper presents a case study of a natural gas production site covering various technical issues related to selection of an appropriate Reverse Osmosis (RO) system. The long-term field experience indicates the necessity of the selection of appropriate pretreatment systems for fouling-free RO operational conditions. The produced water has a variety of impurities such as oil and grease, process chemicals used for corrosion and scaling control, and dehydration of natural gas, etc. This situation leads to a complicated and extremely difficult task for a membrane specialist to design RO systems, especially the pre-treatment section. Here as part of the pretreatment selection, two types of UF membrane modules viz. spiral wound and hollow fibre, with MWCO of 8000 and 50,000 Dalton respectively, were tested in parallel with NF membranes of the spiral wound type with MWCO 200 Dalton. The UF permeate is used as feed for RO compatibility testing. Both configurations of UF failed to be compatible, due to irreversible fouling of the RO membrane. The NF membrane, however, showed interesting results, due to membrane stability in terms of cleaning and fouling. The NF plant with 50% capacity gave a recovery of 75% and the RO plant gave a recovery of 60% versus the expected 92–95%. The long-term tests have indicated that the reminder of the membranes could be installed to achieve full capacity of the plant. This study also demonstrates the importance of selection of proper pre-treatment set-up for the RO system design.

scholarly journals The Role of Enhanced Shale Oil & Gas Recovery in the Us & Development & Pricing of Significant Potential Shale Production in Other Countries Such As South America, Canada, & Europe/Asia2018/2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Environmentally Sound

The Role of Science in Developing Enhanced Oil & Gas Resources, Being Environmentally Sound, & Protecting Water Use • Global transformation with fossil fuel as primary source which have an effect on GDP, export/import changes, and global effects on pricing • History of evolution of oil and gas production in the United States • Global development: European Community, India, China, Brazil, Chile, Argentina and Mexico all have proven reserves • All time high extraction of tight natural gas and oil being environmentally sound and protecting domestic water supplies • Hydraulic fracking below potable water supplies • Drilling Diagrams – Vertical and Horizontal, Proper Casing  Record pace of pipeline construction to supply refineries & terminal ports  Pronounced effect on GDP • Natural gas treatment, delivery, from source to energy deficient countries exported as LNG • Cost subsidies and economic pricing of oil and gas extraction, hydro power, coal, nuclear, wind, and solar. Cost of power by region • There are no “Dry Holes” and more attributes of highly advanced geological technology

scholarly journals Cooperation and Security: Examining the Political Discourse on Natural Gas Transit in Ukraine and Slovakia

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5969
Author(s):  
Kateryna Yakovenko ◽  
Matúš Mišík
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
The Political ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The Eu

The COVID-19 pandemic appeared in the midst of developing the European Green Deal, the most ambitious project to decarbonise the EU’s economy to date. Among other issues, the project highlighted the challenges connected to the long-term role of natural gas as a fossil fuel in the European economy. Moreover, the changes to the gas architecture caused by the development of new import infrastructure (especially Nord Stream and its extension, which is currently under construction) put additional pressure on the transit countries, mainly of which are linked to the Brotherhood pipeline. These have been strong supporters of natural gas utilisation and harsh critics of new pipelines that circumvent their territories, as they consider energy transit to be an important part of their energy sectors. This research examines the political discourse on gas transit in Slovakia and Ukraine in order to identify the main arguments connected to these positions. The paper examines a total of 233 textual units from both countries for the period 2014–2018. It concludes that, while Ukraine sees transit predominantly through the lens of cooperation with the EU and other actors, the Slovak political discourse considers gas transit in terms of energy security and the availability of gas for the national economy.

Natural Gas Markets in Asia: From Callow Youth to Maturity

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Donald I. Hertzmark
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Residual Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Markets

In the 1980s, Asian energy markets expanded at a rapid rate to meet the surge in demand from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. This demand boom coincided with an increase in non-OPEC oil production in the region. As oil production stabilizes, demand looks set to rise sharply, this time in the new Newly Industrialized Countries of Southeast Asia, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Natural gas will play a key role in this expansion of energy use and could start to lead rather than follow oil markets. The leading role of natural gas will be especially strong if gas starts to make inroads in the high and middle ends of the barrel with oxygenated gasoline and compressed natural gas for trucks. At the bottom of the barrel, natural gas could increasingly usurp the role of residual fuel oil for environmental reasons. At the same time, regional refiners could find that residual oil is their leading source of additional feed for the new process units currently under discussion or planning. The supply outlook for natural gas is increasingly fraught with uncertainties as more of the region's supplies must come from distant areas. In particular, LNG supplies from Malaysia and Indonesia will need to be replaced by the early part of the next century as rising domestic demand eats into the exportable gas production. New sources include China, Siberia, Sakhalin Island, Papua New Guinea, and Canada. There will be intense competition to supply the Northeast Asian markets as the gas production in Southeast Asia is increasingly used within ASEAN.

scholarly journals Long-Term Natural Gas Consumption Forecasting Based on Analog Method and Fuzzy Decision Tree

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4905
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Gaweł ◽  
Andrzej Paliński
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Fuzzy Decision ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Consumption ◽  
Fuzzy Decision Trees

Classic forecasting methods of natural gas consumption extrapolate trends from the past to subsequent periods of time. The paper presents a different approach that uses analogues to create long-term forecasts of the annual natural gas consumption. The energy intensity (energy consumption per dollar of Gross Domestic Product—GDP) and gas share in energy mix in some countries, usually more developed, are the starting point for forecasts of other countries in the later period. The novelty of the approach arises in the use of cluster analysis to create similar groups of countries and periods based on two indicators: energy intensity of GDP and share of natural gas consumption in the energy mix, and then the use of fuzzy decision trees for classifying countries in different years into clusters based on several other economic indicators. The final long-term forecasts are obtained with the use of fuzzy decision trees by combining the forecasts for different fuzzy sets made by the method of relative chain increments. The forecast accuracy of our method is higher than that of other benchmark methods. The proposed method may be an excellent tool for forecasting long-term territorial natural gas consumption for any administrative unit.

scholarly journals Role of Advertising Expenditure as an Influential Non-traditional Regressor in Russia’s Money Demand Specification

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Lee-Chea Hiew ◽  
Chin-Hong Puah ◽  
Mohammand Affendy Arip ◽  
Mei-Teing Chong
Keyword(s):  
Money Demand ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Search Costs ◽  
Demand For Money ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag

The term advertising refers to the strategy that affects consumer behaviour and induces higher household final consumption expenditure (HFCE), which is associated with incredibly demanding for money upon transaction usages and a reduction in search costs. The model of money demand that is stable, reliable and well defined is crucial for central banks in formulating their monetary policy to minimise the gap between the supply and demand of money. Hence, this paper examines the influence of expenditure in advertising (ADEX) towards the level of demand for money among the households in Russia. An approach known as Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) is opted to model the money demand function (MDF) of Russia and nine years of quarterly data from 2008 to 2016 have been used in the estimation. Empirical findings reveal that ADEX not only positively influences the Russian’s money demand in long term, its MDF also becomes more superior when the ADEX has been added. As such, this study suggests that ADEX can be taken into account as a non-traditional explanatory variable in the formulation of a stable and well-specified MDF for the case in Russia.

Esso Australia’s long-term contribution to the east coast gas market

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Fay
Keyword(s):  
Joint Venture ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gas Supply

This year marks the golden jubilee of Australia’s offshore petroleum industry after the first gas was produced from Bass Strait by Esso and BHP’s Gippsland Basin Joint Venture. For half a century our industry has been driven by technology – pioneering technical excellence and pushing the envelope in the pursuit of much needed oil and gas production. Today, the landscape in East Australia is changing and gas is at the forefront of the discussion. Declines in East Australia’s historical conventional fields have seen gas supply tighten and prices rise. There is a strong need for additional affordable and reliable gas supply. While continued improvements in technology remain a critically important enabler in developing Australia’s gas resources; global supply and demand, regulatory frameworks, and the commercial arrangements that underpin new developments are becoming more and more important. ExxonMobil Australia’s new Chairman, Nathan Fay, has a wealth of experience working with gas markets around the world. He will explain why it is so important for policymakers to establishment a stable free market environment to encourage these long-term relationships. To view the video, click the link on the right.

scholarly journals Long term forecasting of natural gas production

Energy Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 5550-5560 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Mohr ◽  
G.M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Natural Gas Production ◽  
Long Term Forecasting
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