Factors Associated With the Questions About Behavior Function for Functional Assessment of Low and High Rate Challenging Behaviors in Adults With Intellectual Disability

Many children with autism spectrum disorder display challenging behaviors. These behaviors are not limited to those with cognitive and/or language impairments. The Collaborative and Proactive Solutions framework proposes that challenging behaviors result from an incompatibility between environmental demands and a child’s “lagging skills.” The primary Collaborative and Proactive Solutions lagging skills—executive function, emotion regulation, language, and social skills—are often areas of weakness for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether these lagging skills are associated with challenging behaviors in youth with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability. Parents of 182 youth with autism spectrum disorder (6–15 years) completed measures of their children’s challenging behaviors, executive function, language, emotion regulation, and social skills. We tested whether the Collaborative and Proactive Solutions lagging skills predicted challenging behaviors using multiple linear regression. The Collaborative and Proactive Solutions lagging skills explained significant variance in participants’ challenging behaviors. The Depression (emotion regulation), Inhibit (executive function), and Sameness (executive function) scales emerged as significant predictors. Impairments in emotion regulation and executive function may contribute substantially to aggressive and oppositional behaviors in school-age youth with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability. Treatment for challenging behaviors in this group may consider targeting the incompatibility between environmental demands and a child’s lagging skills.

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HIV infection, high-risk behaviors and substance use in homeless men sheltered in therapeutic communities in Central Brazil

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/0956462418767188 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (11) ◽

pp. 1084-1088 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sandra M Brunini ◽

Cleiciane V de Lima Barros ◽

Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽

Hélio Galdino Júnior ◽

Giovanni Rezza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

High Rate ◽

Therapeutic Communities ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Homeless Men

Homeless men present high vulnerability to HIV infection, mainly due to sexual risk behaviors and substance use. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection, risk behaviors and substance use in homeless men. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 481 homeless men recruited in four therapeutic communities in the Goiás State, Central Brazil. All were interviewed about sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, and risk behaviors. Furthermore, all were tested for HIV. Poisson regression was used to verify factors associated with HIV infection. HIV prevalence was 1.24% (95.0% CI: 0.57 to 2.69%). Previous HIV testing (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]: 10.0; 95.0% CI: 1.86–55.8) and years of education (APR: 0.76; 95.0% CI: 0.60–0.97) were factors associated with HIV infection. Participants had high rates of hazardous alcohol use and illicit drug use. The prevalence of HIV infection among homeless men was higher than that found in the Brazilian male population and we identified a high rate of risk behaviors for HIV among the homeless men investigated. Thus, it is necessary to expand HIV prevention measures in Brazil, such as health education, condom availability, regular HIV testing and increased testing coverage in this population, and treatment for alcohol and/or illicit drug dependence/abuse.

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Identifying Factors Associated With Severe Intellectual Disabilities in Teenagers With Cerebral Palsy Using a Predictive Learning Model

Journal of Child Neurology ◽

10.1177/0883073818822358 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 221-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Carlo M. Bertoncelli ◽

Paola Altamura ◽

Edgar Ramos Vieira ◽

Domenico Bertoncelli ◽

Susanne Thummler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Prediction Model ◽

Motor Skills ◽

Adaptive Functioning ◽

Learning Model ◽

Intelligence Scale ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Machine Learning Model

Background: Intellectual disability and impaired adaptive functioning are common in children with cerebral palsy, but there is a lack of studies assessing these issues in teenagers with cerebral palsy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and test a predictive machine learning model to identify factors associated with intellectual disability in teenagers with cerebral palsy. Methods: This was a multicenter controlled cohort study of 91 teenagers with cerebral palsy (53 males, 38 females; mean age ± SD = 17 ± 1 y; range: 12-18 y). Data on etiology, diagnosis, spasticity, epilepsy, clinical history, communication abilities, behaviors, motor skills, eating, and drinking abilities were collected between 2005 and 2015. Intellectual disability was classified as “mild,” “moderate,” “severe,” or “profound” based on adaptive functioning, and according to the DSM-5 after 2013 and DSM-IV before 2013, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children for patients up to ages 16 years, 11 months, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for patients ages 17-18. Statistical analysis included Fisher’s exact test and multiple logistic regressions to identify factors associated with intellectual disability. A predictive machine learning model was developed to identify factors associated with having profound intellectual disability. The guidelines of the “Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis Statement” were followed. Results: Poor manual abilities ( P ≤ .001), gross motor function ( P ≤ .001), and type of epilepsy (intractable: P = .04; well controlled: P = .01) were significantly associated with profound intellectual disability. The average model accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity was 78%. Conclusion: Poor motor skills and epilepsy were associated with profound intellectual disability. The machine learning prediction model was able to adequately identify high likelihood of severe intellectual disability in teenagers with cerebral palsy.

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Biopsychosocial factors associated with depression and anxiety in older adults with intellectual disability: results of the wave 3 Intellectual Disability Supplement to The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research ◽

10.1111/jir.12724 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 368-380

Author(s):

L. Bond ◽

R. Carroll ◽

N. Mulryan ◽

M. O'Dwyer ◽

J. O'Connell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Factors Associated

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Factors Associated With Living in Developmental Centers in California

Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities ◽

10.1352/1934-9556-47.2.108 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 108-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Charlene Harrington ◽

Taewoon Kang ◽

Jamie Chang

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Developmental Disabilities ◽

Living Arrangements ◽

Secondary Data ◽

The Elderly ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Complex Needs ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Factors Associated ◽

At Home

Abstract This study examined need, predisposing, market, and regional factors that predicted the likelihood of individuals with developmental disabilities living in state developmental centers (DCs) compared with living at home, in community care, or in intermediate care (ICFs) and other facilities. Secondary data analysis using logistic regression models was conducted for all individuals ages 21 years or older who had moderate, severe, or profound intellectual disability. Client needs were the most important factors associated with living arrangements, with those in DCs having more complex needs. Men had higher odds of living in DCs than in other settings, whereas older individuals had lower odds of living in DCs than in ICFs for persons with developmental disabilities and other facilities. Asians/Pacific Islanders, African Americans, and Hispanics were less likely to live in DCs than to live at home. The supply of residential care beds for the elderly reduced the likelihood of living in DCs, and the odds of living in a DC varied widely across regions. Controlling for need, many other factors predicted living arrangements. Policymakers need to ensure adequate resources and provider supply to reduce the need by individuals with intellectual disability to live in DCs and to transition individuals from DCs into other living arrangements.

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