Environmental Information Required by Individuals with Visual Impairments Who Use Orientation and Mobility Aids to Navigate Campuses

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Papadopoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Charitakis ◽  
Eleni Koustriava ◽  
Georgios Kouroupetroglou ◽  
Rainer Stiefelhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Mobility Aids ◽  
Orientation And Mobility ◽  
Information Safety ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Tactile Maps

Introduction: This study investigated the user requirements of individuals with visual impairments regarding the information to be included in orientation and mobility (O&M) aids in order for optimally useful audio-tactile maps of campuses to be developed. In addition, this study aimed at investigating the importance (usefulness) that individuals with visual impairments attribute to environmental information of campuses. Methods: The researchers listed 213 pieces of environmental information concerning campuses and address them in survey by conducting a respective questionnaire. Participants were asked to evaluate the information, regarding the importance or usefulness of the information in regard to safety, location of services, and orientation and wayfinding during movement. Through convenience sampling 115 adults (aged from 18 to 64 years) with visual impairments from four countries (Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, and Germany) took part in the research. Results: Pieces of environmental information, sorted in descending order starting with the most useful ones, have been listed. A repeated measures analysis of variance yielded a significant main effect for the type of information (safety, location of services, and wayfinding and orientation): F(2, 228) = 70.868, p < .001. Discussion: This study resulted in the specification of the most significant or useful information that should be included in O&M aids of campuses for individuals with visual impairments. Implications for practitioners: The results of this study will hold the interest of developers of O&M aids, O&M practitioners, rehabilitation teachers, and instructors who design and construct O&M aids. Moreover, the context for appropriately designed tactile or audio-tactile maps for campuses is provided, and campuses around the world could rely on this study for the creation of a valuable accessibility aid.

Efektivitas Comprehensive Breastfeeding Education terhadap Keberhasilan Pemberian Air Susu Ibu Postpartum

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irma Nurbaeti ◽  
Kustati Budi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Breastfeeding Education ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

Pemberian Air Susu Ibu (ASI) masih merupakan masalah bagi pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi bayi baru lahir. Dukungan agar ibu menyusui bayi merupakan hal penting dalam menginisiasi dan mempertahankan pemberian ASI. Strategi dibutuhkan untuk mendukung keberhasilan menyusui. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis efektivitas comprehensive breastfeeding education terhadap keberhasilan pemberian (ASI) pada periode postpartum. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan kuasi eksperimen one group pre post test repeated measured design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 22 ibu dengan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan September–Oktober 2013 di Puskesmas wilayah Kota Tangerang Selatan. Intervensi dilakukan selama 30 menit. Pengumpulan data dilakukan sebelum intervensi, 3 hari setelah intervensi (post1), dan 10 hari setelah intervensi (post 2). Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi. Keberhasilan pemberian ASI berdasar pada parameter pengetahuan, langkah menyusui, perlekatan bayi, dan kecukupan ASI. Analisis data menggunakan general linear model repeated measureANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya signifikansi comprehensive breastfeeding education (p=0.001). Rata-rata keberhasilan pemberian ASI sebelum dan setelah intervensi meningkat. Sebesar 93,9% intervensi memengaruhi tingkat keberhasilan. Rata-rata sebelum intervensi 56,74 (SD 5,92), post 1 sebesar 60,83 (SD 6,38) dan post2 sebesar 74,55 (SD 5,32). Subvariabel yang memiliki efek secara signifikan setelah intervensi adalah pengetahuan (p=0.001) dan langkah menyusui (p=0.001), sedangkan subvariabel perlekatan bayi (p=0.061) dan kecukupan ASI (p=0.162) tidak secara signifikan berbeda antara sebelum dan setelah intervensi. Pelaksanaanbreastfeeding education disarankan pada ibu agar dapat melakukan posisi perlekatan bayi yang benar sehingga dapat mengurangi masalah-masalah berkaitan dengan perlekatan yang tidak sesuai seperti puting perih, lecet atau berdarah, dan bayi kurang puas dalam menyusu yang bisa mengakibatkan gagalnya program ASI ekslusif.Kata kunci:Menyusui, pendidikan, perlekatan, postpartum AbstractBreastfeeding have still been problem for adequate newborn nutrition. Adequate breastfeeding support is essential for mothers to initiate and maintain optimal breastfeeding practices. A strategic needed to support successful breastfeeding. The purpose of research is to analyze the effectiveness comprehensive breastfeeding education on successful breastfeeding at postpartum periods. A quasi-experimental one group pretest, post test, repeated mesaured was used. This study was conducted at public health in Tangerang Selatan municipality in September–October 2013 among 22 postpartum mothers, convenience sampling methods. Intervention was done 30 minute. Data were collected before intervention (pretest), third day after intervention (post 1) and tenth day after intervention (repeated/post 2) using four parameter, that are knowledge, breastfeeding steps, proper lacth-on and adequate breastmilk. Using repeated measures analysis of variance there was a significant increase (p=0.001) in the overall Successful breastfeeding mean. Around 93,9% the effectiveness of intervention influence on successful. The mean before intervention is 56,74 (SD 5,92), increased at post 1:60,83 (SD 6,38) and post 2:74,55 (SD 5,32). Subvariable which has effect significantly after intervention is knowledge (p=0.001) and breastfeeding steps (p=0.001), in contrary, proper latch-on (p=0,061) and adequate breastmilk (p=0.162) have no significant effect after intervention. Suggestion to support breastfeeding education and counselling proper latch-on adequately that can decrease the problem such as painful, creaks or bloody putting.Key words: Breastfeeding, education, latch-on, postpartum

Transdermal delivery of carnosine into equine skeletal muscle

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
B.P. Dieter ◽  
C.J. Macias ◽  
T.J. Sharpe ◽  
B. Roberts ◽  
M. Wille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Main Effects

The dipeptide carnosine consists of β-alanine and L-histidine. It plays a major role in skeletal muscle metabolism, especially as an intracellular buffer and antioxidant. Increasing intramuscular carnosine has been shown to improve recovery from exercise and increase anaerobic threshold and time-to-exhaustion. Dietary supplementation with carnosine does not effectively increase intramuscular carnosine due to the presence of carnosinase in the blood. However, an effective transdermal delivery process could expediently increase intramuscular concentrations of carnosine. This study’s objective was to examine the efficacy of a transdermal system for delivering carnosine into the skeletal muscle of horses, using a randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study. Carnosine plus a proprietary transdermal delivery agent or the agent alone (placebo) were applied to the middle gluteal muscles of 10 Thoroughbred racehorses, and muscle biopsies were taken before and 30, 60, and 120 min after application. Muscle carnosine concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to test for the main effects of time and treatment (placebo or carnosine) as well as an interaction between time and treatment. Independent F-tests examined the change in intramuscular carnosine levels from baseline to each time point (30, 60, and 120 min). There was a significant main effect of treatment (P=0.004), no significant main effect for time (P=0.18), and a non-significant interaction of treatment with time (P=0.08). Mean intramuscular carnosine concentrations increased from baseline to 120 min. Compared to concentrations following placebo application, carnosine was greater by ~35% at 30 min (P=0.002) and ~46% after 60 min (P=0.044), but not at 120 min (P=0.20). The results indicated that intramuscular carnosine can be increased using a transdermal delivery system within 60 min of application which could have important implications for the health of horses, and their capacity to perform and recover from physical activity.

Influence of Movement Activities on Shape Recognition and Retention

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-118
Author(s):  
Carl P. Gabbard ◽  
Charles H. Shea
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Shape Recognition ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Form Perception ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Movement Activities ◽  
Group 1

Three groups of 4-yr.-old children were asked to complete a form perception assessment instrument prior to, 1 hr. after, and 1 wk. following a treatment. Group 1 participated in a movement-based form perception program, while Group 2 was instructed using a traditional classroom method. A third group which acted as control participated in unrelated movement activities. A repeated-measures analysis of variance gave a main effect of tests and an interaction of groups × tests. Group 2 displayed significantly higher performance on the posttest than Group 1; however, after 7 wk. the performance of Group 2 had decreased to a level below that of Groups 1 and 3, which remained stable.

Investigation of Eligible Picture Categories for Use as Environmental Cues in Dementia-Sensitive Environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Motzek ◽  
Kathrin Bueter ◽  
Gesine Marquardt
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Abbreviated Mental Test ◽  
Picture Content ◽  
State Examination

Objectives: Environmental cues, such as pictures, could be helpful in improving room-finding and wayfinding abilities among older patients. The aim of this study was to identify picture categories that are preferred and easily remembered by older patients and cognitively impaired patients and which therefore might be suitable for use as environmental cues in acute care settings. Methods: Twelve pictures were presented to a sample of older patients ( n = 37). The pictures represented different categories: familiarity (familiar vs. unfamiliar), type of shot (close-up vs. wide shot), and picture content (nature vs. animal vs. urban). We tested the patients’ votes of preference and abilities to identify and immediately recall pictures. Cognitively impaired patients ( n = 14) were assessed by the abbreviated mental test and the mini mental state examination and were compared with patients without cognitive impairments ( n = 23) using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The results showed a main effect of familiarity on positive vote and recall of pictures. The absence of interaction effects of familiarity and group indicated an overall impact of familiarity on the sample. Within cognitively impaired patients, a significant difference in recall of picture content between urban (20%) and animal (9%) was found. Conclusions: Pictures, which patients were able to relate to in terms of familiarity and the characteristics urban and nature, seem to be suitable for use as environmental cues. Besides functioning as such, we assume, based on literature, that pictures could further enhance the ambiance or serve as prompts for communication and interaction.

scholarly journals Performance of Physical Activities by Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J Palisano ◽  
Wendy P Copeland ◽  
Barbara E Galuppi
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Transition Planning ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Gmfcs Level

Background and Purpose Mobility and self-care are important considerations for successful transition of adolescents with cerebral palsy to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to characterize performance of physical activities from the perspective of adolescents themselves. Subjects The subjects were 156 adolescents with cerebral palsy, 11.6 to 17.7 years of age. Methods A therapist completed the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Adolescents completed the Activities Scale for Kids–Performance Version (ASKp) twice over a 1-year period. Results A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated a main effect for GMFCS level. The main effect for time and the GMFCS level × time interaction were not significant. Post hoc comparisons indicated that ASKp scores differed among all GMFCS levels. Discussion and Conclusion Performance of physical activities by adolescents with cerebral palsy differed based on GMFCS level and did not change over 1 year. The ASKp scores of adolescents in levels II through V suggest the need for physical assistance at times throughout the day. The results have implications for the role of the physical therapist in transition planning.

Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Pristine and Used Headgear for Girls’ Lacrosse

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Kelshaw ◽  
Trenton E. Gould ◽  
Mark Jesunathadas ◽  
Nelson Cortes ◽  
Amanda Caswell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
School Girls

Girls’ lacrosse participation and head injury rates have increased within the past decade. In response, optional headgear was implemented following the recently developed ASTM International lacrosse headgear performance standards. It remains unknown how lacrosse headgear responds to blunt impacts after use. Our purpose was to compare the peak linear acceleration between girls’ lacrosse headgear conditions (pristine and used) during blunt impacts. Pristine headgear (n = 10) were tested in their original condition and used headgear (n = 10) were worn for an entire competitive season. A Cadex Monorail Impactor impacted all headgear following ASTM standards (F1446-15b, F2220-15, and F3137-15) in the required testing locations. A 2 × 7 repeated-measures analysis of variance compared peak linear acceleration among headgear conditions and impact locations with a simple effects analysis planned comparison. There was no difference between headgear conditions for peak linear acceleration (pristine: 47.12 [13.92] g; used: 46.62 [14.84] g; F = 2.11, P > .05). A main effect for impact location (F = 983.52, P < .01), and an interaction effect of condition and impact location (F = 12.79, P < .01) were observed. All headgear, regardless of condition, met the ASTM performance standard. This suggests that headgear performance may not degrade subsequent to a single season of high school girls’ lacrosse.

Influence of Aerobic Fitness on Ratings of Perceived Exertion during Light to Moderate Exercise

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Michael Felts ◽  
Stephen Crouse ◽  
Mark Brunetz
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Exercise Test ◽  
College Age ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Exercise Period

Based on scores from a maximal exercise test on a bicycle ergometer, 24 college-age women were classified into three aerobic-fitness groups. Each subject then completed two randomly ordered cycle exercise bouts at 1-wk. intervals. The exercise bouts required the subjects to pedal for 24 min. attaining and then maintaining a target heart rare of either 30% or 60% of heart-rate reserve. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were reported at the end of each third minute of the exercise period. Repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated the RPE was significantly related to the exercise workload and duration of exercise. No main effect was found for fitness. Two-way interactions were detected for fitness x duration of exercise and for workload x duration of exercise.

scholarly journals Size of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in schizophrenia

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Highley ◽  
M. A. Walker ◽  
B. McDonald ◽  
T. J. Crow ◽  
M. M. Esiri
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Hippocampal Cell ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Neuron Size ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundMeta-analyses of hippocampal size have indicated that this structure is smaller in schizophrenia. This could reflect a reduction in the size of constituent neurons or a reduced number of neurons.AimsTo measure the size of hippocampal pyramidal neurons in the brains of people with and without schizophrenia.MethodPyramidal neuron size in hippocampal subfields was estimated stereologically from sections taken at 5 mm intervals throughout the whole length of right and left hippocampi from the brains of 13 people with schizophrenia and 16 controls. Results were assessed using repeated-measures analysis of covariance looking for a main effect of diagnosis and gender, and interactions of these with side.ResultsWe were unable to detect significant differences related to diagnosis, gender or side for any hippocampal subfield for this series of cases.ConclusionsFor this series of brains, hippocampal cell size is unchanged in schizophrenia.

Assumptions about Fitness and Exercise among Elderly Persons

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Vitulli ◽  
Joyce M. Malek
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effect

There may be differential benefits from regular exercise for elderly persons, and their rationales about exercise can influence the likelihood that they will do it 98 elderly persons (29 men, M age = 66.3 yr., SD = 9.1, Range = 51–90 and 69 women, M age = 72.7 yr., SD = 10.3, Range = 53–94) were given two self-report surveys of 13 items each consisting of statements about jogging, not jogging, or engaging in other forms of exercise. Only one man and one woman completed the “reasons for jogging” form, while 96 elderly persons completed the “reasons for not jogging” form. A two-way (repeated-measures) analysis of variance indicated a significant main effect for differences among 10 items dealing with “reasons for not jogging.” These reasons included engaging in another form of aerobic activity (such as walking), having a health condition that prevented jogging, and jogging as too uncomfortable.

Effect of Circumferential Pressure on Response Parameters during Ballistic Ankle Plantar Flexion in Healthy Adults

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Robichaud ◽  
Denis Brunt
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Muscle Response ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Motor Neuron Pool ◽  
Ankle Plantar Flexion ◽  
Neuron Pool ◽  
Circumferential Pressure

This study investigated the effect of circumferential pressure on timing and muscle-response parameters during ballistic ankle plantar flexion in 15 young healthy subjects. Circumferential pressure was provided by an air-splint applied around the lower calf. Data were collected at 1, 3, and 5 min. prior to, during, and following application of pressure. A 3 × 3 repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated significant increases in premotor and reaction times during application of pressure. There was no main effect for magnitude of muscle activity or motor time. Results support previous studies showing decreases in the excitability of the motor-neuron pool with circumferential pressure and an inverse relationship between excitability and premotor time.

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