Influence of Movement Activities on Shape Recognition and Retention

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-118
Author(s):  
Carl P. Gabbard ◽  
Charles H. Shea
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Shape Recognition ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Form Perception ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Movement Activities ◽  
Group 1

Three groups of 4-yr.-old children were asked to complete a form perception assessment instrument prior to, 1 hr. after, and 1 wk. following a treatment. Group 1 participated in a movement-based form perception program, while Group 2 was instructed using a traditional classroom method. A third group which acted as control participated in unrelated movement activities. A repeated-measures analysis of variance gave a main effect of tests and an interaction of groups × tests. Group 2 displayed significantly higher performance on the posttest than Group 1; however, after 7 wk. the performance of Group 2 had decreased to a level below that of Groups 1 and 3, which remained stable.

Predialytic versus Intradialytic Nutrition: A Study to Assess Effects on Intradialytic Blood Pressure, Dialysis Adequacy, and Urea Removal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Namrata S. Rao ◽  
Abhilash Chandra ◽  
Sai Saran ◽  
Manish Raj Kulshreshta ◽  
Prabhakar Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dialysis Adequacy ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Dialysis Vintage ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Provision of oral protein in hemodialysis (HD) is desirable due to improved compliance to protein requirements and better nutritional status, but the risks of hypotension and underdialysis need to be considered. This study compared 2 different timings for administering oral nutritional supplements (ONS), predialysis and mid-dialysis, with respect to hemodynamics, dialysis adequacy, urea removal, and tolerability. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This single-center, prospective crossover study analyzed 72 stable patients with ESRD on twice a week maintenance HD with a mean age of 38.7 (±11.2) years and a dialysis vintage of 28.2 (±13.1) months. In the first week, all the patients received ONS (450 kcal energy, 20 g protein) 1 h prior to start of dialysis (group 1) and in the next week, the supplement was administered after 2 h of start of dialysis (group 2), with a predialysis fasting period of at least 3 h in both groups. Blood pressures, serum, and spent dialysate samples were collected and nausea occurrence was noted by severity. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Predialytic intake (group 1) was associated with higher predialysis and 1st hour blood urea, dialysis adequacy, and urea removal than group 2. Both groups achieved mean Kt/V &#x3e; 1.2, and the occurrence of symptomatic hypotensive episodes and nausea was not significantly different between the groups. On repeated measures ANOVA, changes in blood urea over time showed significant group effect. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Predialytic supplementation was associated with better dialysis adequacy and urea removal than intradialytic supplementation. However, both timings were equally tolerated and not associated with underdialysis.

Transdermal delivery of carnosine into equine skeletal muscle

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
B.P. Dieter ◽  
C.J. Macias ◽  
T.J. Sharpe ◽  
B. Roberts ◽  
M. Wille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Main Effects

The dipeptide carnosine consists of β-alanine and L-histidine. It plays a major role in skeletal muscle metabolism, especially as an intracellular buffer and antioxidant. Increasing intramuscular carnosine has been shown to improve recovery from exercise and increase anaerobic threshold and time-to-exhaustion. Dietary supplementation with carnosine does not effectively increase intramuscular carnosine due to the presence of carnosinase in the blood. However, an effective transdermal delivery process could expediently increase intramuscular concentrations of carnosine. This study’s objective was to examine the efficacy of a transdermal system for delivering carnosine into the skeletal muscle of horses, using a randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study. Carnosine plus a proprietary transdermal delivery agent or the agent alone (placebo) were applied to the middle gluteal muscles of 10 Thoroughbred racehorses, and muscle biopsies were taken before and 30, 60, and 120 min after application. Muscle carnosine concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to test for the main effects of time and treatment (placebo or carnosine) as well as an interaction between time and treatment. Independent F-tests examined the change in intramuscular carnosine levels from baseline to each time point (30, 60, and 120 min). There was a significant main effect of treatment (P=0.004), no significant main effect for time (P=0.18), and a non-significant interaction of treatment with time (P=0.08). Mean intramuscular carnosine concentrations increased from baseline to 120 min. Compared to concentrations following placebo application, carnosine was greater by ~35% at 30 min (P=0.002) and ~46% after 60 min (P=0.044), but not at 120 min (P=0.20). The results indicated that intramuscular carnosine can be increased using a transdermal delivery system within 60 min of application which could have important implications for the health of horses, and their capacity to perform and recover from physical activity.

Environmental Information Required by Individuals with Visual Impairments Who Use Orientation and Mobility Aids to Navigate Campuses

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Papadopoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Charitakis ◽  
Eleni Koustriava ◽  
Georgios Kouroupetroglou ◽  
Rainer Stiefelhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Environmental Information ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Mobility Aids ◽  
Orientation And Mobility ◽  
Information Safety ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Tactile Maps

Introduction: This study investigated the user requirements of individuals with visual impairments regarding the information to be included in orientation and mobility (O&M) aids in order for optimally useful audio-tactile maps of campuses to be developed. In addition, this study aimed at investigating the importance (usefulness) that individuals with visual impairments attribute to environmental information of campuses. Methods: The researchers listed 213 pieces of environmental information concerning campuses and address them in survey by conducting a respective questionnaire. Participants were asked to evaluate the information, regarding the importance or usefulness of the information in regard to safety, location of services, and orientation and wayfinding during movement. Through convenience sampling 115 adults (aged from 18 to 64 years) with visual impairments from four countries (Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, and Germany) took part in the research. Results: Pieces of environmental information, sorted in descending order starting with the most useful ones, have been listed. A repeated measures analysis of variance yielded a significant main effect for the type of information (safety, location of services, and wayfinding and orientation): F(2, 228) = 70.868, p < .001. Discussion: This study resulted in the specification of the most significant or useful information that should be included in O&M aids of campuses for individuals with visual impairments. Implications for practitioners: The results of this study will hold the interest of developers of O&M aids, O&M practitioners, rehabilitation teachers, and instructors who design and construct O&M aids. Moreover, the context for appropriately designed tactile or audio-tactile maps for campuses is provided, and campuses around the world could rely on this study for the creation of a valuable accessibility aid.

Effectiveness of ketamine in decreasing intracranial pressure in children with intracranial hypertension

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gad Bar-Joseph ◽  
Yoav Guilburd ◽  
Ada Tamir ◽  
Joseph N. Guilburd
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Decrease Blood Pressure ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Object Deepening sedation is often needed in patients with intracranial hypertension. All widely used sedative and anesthetic agents (opioids, benzodiazepines, propofol, and barbiturates) decrease blood pressure and may therefore decrease cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Ketamine is a potent, safe, rapid-onset anesthetic agent that does not decrease blood pressure. However, ketamine's use in patients with traumatic brain injury and intracranial hypertension is precluded because it is widely stated that it increases intracranial pressure (ICP). Based on anecdotal clinical experience, the authors hypothesized that ketamine does not increase—but may rather decrease—ICP. Methods The authors conducted a prospective, controlled, clinical trial of data obtained in a pediatric intensive care unit of a regional trauma center. All patients were sedated and mechanically ventilated prior to inclusion in the study. Children with sustained, elevated ICP (> 18 mm Hg) resistant to first-tier therapies received a single ketamine dose (1–1.5 mg/kg) either to prevent further ICP increase during a potentially distressing intervention (Group 1) or as an additional measure to lower ICP (Group 2). Hemodynamic, ICP, and CPP values were recorded before ketamine administration, and repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare these values with those recorded every minute for 10 minutes following ketamine administration. Results The results of 82 ketamine administrations in 30 patients were analyzed. Overall, following ketamine administration, ICP decreased by 30% (from 25.8 ± 8.4 to 18.0 ± 8.5 mm Hg) (p < 0.001) and CPP increased from 54.4 ± 11.7 to 58.3 ± 13.4 mm Hg (p < 0.005). In Group 1, ICP decreased significantly following ketamine administration and increased by > 2 mm Hg during the distressing intervention in only 1 of 17 events. In Group 2, when ketamine was administered to lower persistent intracranial hypertension, ICP decreased by 33% (from 26.0 ± 9.1 to 17.5 ± 9.1 mm Hg) (p < 0.0001) following ketamine administration. Conclusions In ventilation-treated patients with intracranial hypertension, ketamine effectively decreased ICP and prevented untoward ICP elevations during potentially distressing interventions, without lowering blood pressure and CPP. These results refute the notion that ketamine increases ICP. Ketamine is a safe and effective drug for patients with traumatic brain injury and intracranial hypertension, and it can possibly be used safely in trauma emergency situations.

Investigation of Eligible Picture Categories for Use as Environmental Cues in Dementia-Sensitive Environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Motzek ◽  
Kathrin Bueter ◽  
Gesine Marquardt
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Abbreviated Mental Test ◽  
Picture Content ◽  
State Examination

Objectives: Environmental cues, such as pictures, could be helpful in improving room-finding and wayfinding abilities among older patients. The aim of this study was to identify picture categories that are preferred and easily remembered by older patients and cognitively impaired patients and which therefore might be suitable for use as environmental cues in acute care settings. Methods: Twelve pictures were presented to a sample of older patients ( n = 37). The pictures represented different categories: familiarity (familiar vs. unfamiliar), type of shot (close-up vs. wide shot), and picture content (nature vs. animal vs. urban). We tested the patients’ votes of preference and abilities to identify and immediately recall pictures. Cognitively impaired patients ( n = 14) were assessed by the abbreviated mental test and the mini mental state examination and were compared with patients without cognitive impairments ( n = 23) using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The results showed a main effect of familiarity on positive vote and recall of pictures. The absence of interaction effects of familiarity and group indicated an overall impact of familiarity on the sample. Within cognitively impaired patients, a significant difference in recall of picture content between urban (20%) and animal (9%) was found. Conclusions: Pictures, which patients were able to relate to in terms of familiarity and the characteristics urban and nature, seem to be suitable for use as environmental cues. Besides functioning as such, we assume, based on literature, that pictures could further enhance the ambiance or serve as prompts for communication and interaction.

Randomised controlled study to assess skill retention at 6 vs 12 months after simulation training in shoulder dystocia

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Menelik M H Lee ◽  
Chao Ngan Chan ◽  
Betty Y T Lau ◽  
Teresa W L Ma
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Simulation Training ◽  
Shoulder Dystocia ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

IntroductionCurrent evidence suggests annual training in the management of shoulder dystocia is adequate. The aim of this trial is to test our hypothesis that skills start to decline at 6 months after training and further decline at 12 months.MethodsIn this randomised, single-blinded study, 13 obstetricians and 51 midwives were randomly assigned to attend a 1-hour mixed lecture and simulation session on shoulder dystocia management. Training was conducted on group 2 at month ‘0’ and on group 1 at month ‘6’. Their knowledge scores (primary outcome) were assessed before (pre-training), immediately after the training (at-training) and retested at month ‘12’ (post-training).ResultsTwo-way repeated-measures analysis of variance showed a statistically significant interaction between the testing time frame (pre-training, at-training and post-training) on the score (p<0.001), but no significant interaction between the groups on the score (p=0.458).Compared to pre-training, the score increased after the simulation training (at-training) in both group 1 (8.69 vs 14.34, p<0.001) and group 2 (9.53 vs 14.66, p< 0.001), but decreased at 6 months post- training in group 1 (14.34 vs 11.71, p<0.001) and at 12 months post-training in group 2 (14.66 vs 11.96, p< 0.001). However the score was better than before the training. There was no significant difference in the post –training score (11.71vs 11.96, p=0.684) between both groups.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that simulation training results in short-term and long-term improvement in shoulder dystocia management however knowledge degrades over time. Ongoing training is suggested at a minimum of 12 months’ interval for all members of the obstetrics team including midwives and doctors.

Characterizing fatigue associated with sunitinib (SU) in patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6092-6092
Author(s):  
David Cella ◽  
Mellar P. Davis ◽  
Andrew G. Bushmakin ◽  
Joseph C Cappelleri ◽  
Elizabeth A Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Time Pattern ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Cycle Fluctuation

6092 Background: Fatigue is common in cancer pts and associated with use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as SU. Limited data exist on the time pattern of fatigue with TKI therapy. Methods: Data from treatment-naïve mRCC pts in SU arms of two clinical trials were analyzed retrospectively. Study 1; 375 pts were randomized to SU 50 mg/d on a 4 weeks-on-2-weeks-off schedule (Schedule 4/2), for up to 30 cycles. Study 2; pts were randomized to SU 50 mg/d Schedule 4/2 (Group 1; n=146) or 37.5 mg/d continuous daily dosing (CDD; Group 2; n=146). In both trials, fatigue was measured with the question to pts: “I feel fatigued” over the past week (5-point rating scale, not at all-very much), and with the provider-rated Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). In addition to descriptive profiles, Study 1 used two modeling approaches; repeated measures model (M1), with time as a categorical predictor; and random intercept-slope model (M2), with time as a continuous predictor. Study 2 calculated mean absolute values of within-cycle rate of change (from one assessment to the next) through the first 6 treatment cycles. Results: In Study 1, representing fatigue across cycles, M1 showed that the initial increase in patient-reported fatigue was worst during Cycle 1; mean values at all subsequent cycles were numerically better. For CTCAE fatigue, M1 showed that all but one of the pair-wise comparisons of the cycle means were not significantly different. M2 showed that the overall trend for patient-reported fatigue and CTCAE fatigue was not statistically different from zero. In Study 2, the mean absolute rate of change for fatigue during 6 treatment cycles was greater for Group 1 (4/2) compared to Group 2 (CDD): 0.042 vs. 0.032, respectively; P=0.003, t-test. Conclusions: In Study 1, pts reported notable fatigue in Cycle 1, which improved or stabilized, thereafter. In Study 2, Schedule 4/2 was associated with more within-cycle fluctuation in fatigue. These findings illustrate how SU-associated fatigue occurs early in therapy and continues with more within-cycle fluctuation associated with 4/2 dosing. This may help patient-clinician communications and interventions that support maintaining effective therapy.

scholarly journals Performance of Physical Activities by Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J Palisano ◽  
Wendy P Copeland ◽  
Barbara E Galuppi
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Transition Planning ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Gmfcs Level

Background and Purpose Mobility and self-care are important considerations for successful transition of adolescents with cerebral palsy to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to characterize performance of physical activities from the perspective of adolescents themselves. Subjects The subjects were 156 adolescents with cerebral palsy, 11.6 to 17.7 years of age. Methods A therapist completed the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Adolescents completed the Activities Scale for Kids–Performance Version (ASKp) twice over a 1-year period. Results A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated a main effect for GMFCS level. The main effect for time and the GMFCS level × time interaction were not significant. Post hoc comparisons indicated that ASKp scores differed among all GMFCS levels. Discussion and Conclusion Performance of physical activities by adolescents with cerebral palsy differed based on GMFCS level and did not change over 1 year. The ASKp scores of adolescents in levels II through V suggest the need for physical assistance at times throughout the day. The results have implications for the role of the physical therapist in transition planning.

scholarly journals Insufficient Vitamin D Status at Birth Is Corrected by Vitamin D Supplementation (1000 IU/Day) With Increases in Lean Mass Evident at 12 Months of Age in Healthy Term Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 804-804
Author(s):  
Maryam Razaghi ◽  
Catherine A Vanstone ◽  
Nathalie Gharibeh ◽  
Olusola F Sotunde ◽  
Shuqin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objectives The primary objective was to test whether rapid correction of insufficient vitamin D status initiated in the neonatal period improves whole-body lean mass across infancy. Methods This was a double-blinded, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial (NCT02563015). Healthy term breastfed infants of appropriate weight for gestational age (AGA) were recruited from Montreal (March 2016–2019). Capillary blood was collected (24–36 h) for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] measurement (Liaison, Diasorin Inc.). Infants with serum 25(OH)D &lt; 50 nmol/L were randomized to receive 400 (group 1, n = 49) or 1000 IU/d (group 2, n = 49) until 12 mo of age. Those with 25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L were recruited to form a reference group, receiving 400 IU/d (group 3, n = 41). Anthropometry, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and 25(OH)D concentrations were assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo. Differences between trial and reference groups were tested using mixed model repeated measures ANOVA adjusting for maternal pregnancy weight gain, infant sex, skin color, actual age at assessment, and breastfeeding status. Data are mean ± SD. Results Infants (81 males, 58 females) were 39.6 ± 1.0 wk GA and 3388 ± 372 g at birth. By design, infants in group 1 and 2 had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations at birth compared to group 3 (31.1 ± 9.3, 34.4 ± 12.0 vs. 68.0 ± 13.2 nmol/L, respectively, P &lt; 0.0001). On average, both trial groups achieved and maintained vitamin D sufficiency (25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L) from 3 to 12 mo. Lean mass was not different among groups at baseline, but at 12 mo was higher in group 2 compared to group 1 (7012.5 ± 904.6 vs. 6690.4 ± 1121.7 g, P = 0.0075; 4.8% difference), and not different from the reference group (7012.5 ± 904.6 vs. 6715.1 ± 784.6 g, P = 0.2882). Weight, length, and whole-body fat mass were not different among groups at any time-point. Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation (400 and 1000 IU/d) corrects insufficient stores, whereas the higher dosage of 1000 IU/d, modestly increases lean mass of otherwise healthy AGA term born infants by 12 mo of age without altering weight or length. These data concur with observations in weanling rats where increased vitamin D intakes elevated lean mass. The long-term benefits require further research. Funding Sources Funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

scholarly journals Intravenous magnesium sulfate for acute bronchiolitis: evaluation of the effect on clinical course and outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihan Şık ◽  
Hale Çitlenbik ◽  
Ali Öztürk ◽  
Durgül Yılmaz ◽  
Murat Duman
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of intravenous (IV) magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on clinical severity scores, need for respiratory support and outcomes for previously healthy children with bronchiolitis. Methods: We retrospectively assessed children with moderate-severe bronchiolitis. Patients who received 40 mg/kg/dose of IV MgSO4 (group 1) or not (group 2) were compared for vital signs, clinical findings and outcomes. Results: There were 74 patients in group 1 and 33 in group 2. The median age, the mean respiratory rates, oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (S/F) ratios and, The Modified Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument (mRDAI) scores at the time of starting MgSO4 treatment were similar for two groups. Respiratory rate and mRDAI score significantly decreased at the 2th hour of MgSO4 treatment and the decrease was observed for 4th, 8th and 12th hours, compared with group 2. Patients in group 1 had a higher S/F ratio at 4th hour compared with group 2 and in group 1, the elevation was observed at the 4th hour. Patients in group 2 had a higher rate of requirement and an earlier start high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy but the total duration time was similar for two groups. Patients in group 2 had a longer hospital stay than group 1. Conclusion: Intravenous MgSO4 provided significant improvement on clinical severity, early phase of oxygenation, need for respiratory support, length of stay in the hospital and outcomes. It seems to be an effective treatment option for management of bronchiolitis.

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