Social Stratification and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: Examination of Emotional Suppression as a Pathway to Risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1202-1215
Author(s):  
Jenny M. Cundiff ◽  
J. Richard Jennings ◽  
Karen A. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
White Men ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity

This article examines whether emotional suppression is associated with socioeconomic position (SEP) in a community sample of Black and White men, and whether emotional suppression may help explain the aggregation of multiple biopsychosocial risk factors for cardiovascular disease at lower SEP (social support, depression, cardiovascular stress reactivity). Aim 1 tests whether multiple indicators of SEP show a consistent graded association with self-reported trait suppression, and whether suppression mediates associations between SEP and perceived social support and depressive affect. Aim 2 tests whether suppression during a laboratory anger recall task mediates associations between SEP and cardiovascular reactivity to the task. All measures of higher SEP were associated with lower suppression. Findings in this racially diverse sample of adult men suggest that socioeconomic disparities in emotional suppression may be more likely to confer cardiovascular risk through disruption of affect and social relationships, than through direct and immediate physiological pathways.

scholarly journals Association between incarceration and incident cardiovascular disease events: results from the CARDIA cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Coleman ◽  
Donald M. Lloyd-Jones ◽  
Hongyan Ning ◽  
Norrina B. Allen ◽  
Catarina I. Kiefe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
White Men ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Black And White ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract Background Incarceration has been associated with higher cardiovascular risk, yet data evaluating its association with cardiovascular disease events are limited. The study objective was to evaluate the association between incarceration and incident fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Methods Black and white adults from the community-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adult (CARDIA) study (baseline 1985–86, n = 5105) were followed through August 2017. Self-reported incarceration was measured at baseline (1985–1986) and Year 2 (1987–1988), and fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease events, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure, and all-cause mortality, were captured through 2017. Analyses were completed in September 2019. Cumulative CVD incidence rates and Cox proportional hazards were compared overall by incarceration status. An interaction between incarceration and race was identified, so results were also analyzed by sex-race groups. Results 351 (6.9%) CARDIA participants reported a history of incarceration. Over 29.0 years mean follow-up, CVD incidence rate was 3.52 per 1000 person-years in participants with a history of incarceration versus 2.12 per 1000 person-years in participants without a history of incarceration (adjusted HR = 1.33 [95% CI, 0.90–1.95]). Among white men, incarceration was associated with higher risk of incident cardiovascular disease (adjusted HR = 3.35 [95% CI, 1.54–7.29) and all-cause mortality (adjusted HR = 2.52 [95% CI, 1.32–4.83]), but these associations were not statistically significant among other sex-race groups after adjustment. Conclusions Incarceration was associated with incident cardiovascular disease rates, but associations were only significant in one sex-race group after multivariable adjustment.

Social Support and Health Behavior in Hostile Black and White Men and Women in CARDIA

2001 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Allen ◽  
Jerome Markovitz ◽  
David R. Jacobs ◽  
Sarah S. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
White Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Black And White

Perceived Unfair Treatment by Police, Race, and Telomere Length: A Nashville Community-based Sample of Black and White Men

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. McFarland ◽  
John Taylor ◽  
Cheryl A. S. McFarland ◽  
Katherine L. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
White Men ◽  
Davidson County ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Men 2 ◽  
Unfair Treatment ◽  
Plausible Mechanism ◽  
Using Data

Police maltreatment, whether experienced personally or indirectly through one’s family or friends, represents a structurally rooted public health problem that disproportionately affects minorities. Researchers, however, know little about the physiological mechanisms connecting unfair treatment by police (UTBP) to poor health. Shortened telomeres due to exposure to this stressor represent one plausible mechanism. Using data from a community sample of black (n = 262) and white (n = 252) men residing in Nashville-Davidson County, we test four hypotheses: (1) Black men will be more likely to report UTBP than white men, (2) those reporting UTBP will have shorter telomeres than those not reporting UTBP, (3) this association will be more pronounced among black men, and (4) these hypotheses will extend to those who report vicarious UTBP. Results reveal support for all hypotheses. The implications for our findings are discussed as they pertain to debates on policing practices and health disparities research.

Abstract MP51: Lifetime Risk For Cardiovascular Disease Stratified By Fasting Glucose Level

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Bancks ◽  
Hongyan Ning ◽  
Norrina B Allen ◽  
Mercedes R Carnethon ◽  
Justin Echouffo Tcheugui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
White Men ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Target Prevention ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Introduction: Diabetes and insulin resistance are major contributors to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, but the lifetime risks (LTR) associated with normoglycemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and diabetes (DM) in middle-aged adults have not been reported. Hypothesis: Higher fasting glucose (FG) category will be associated with a monotonic increase in the LTR for ASCVD. Methods: We pooled data from 7 observational cohorts of US black and white men and women followed from 1960 through 2015. Categories of FG were normoglycemia (<100 mg/dl), IFG (100-125 mg/dl), and DM (≥126 mg/dl or use of DM medications). ASCVD was defined as fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and fatal and nonfatal stroke. Individuals were free of symptomatic ASCVD at index age 55 years. LTR for incident ASCVD after age 55 was estimated according to FG category using a modified Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, adjusted for the competing risk of non-ASCVD death. Results: Our sample included 19630 individuals (6197 blacks, 11015 women) without a prior ASCVD event. Mean baseline FG level was 90.1 mg/dl for normoglycemics, 107.4 mg/dl for IFG, and 176.6 mg/dl for DM. Greater age, body mass index, blood pressure, and male sex and black race were associated with increasing FG category. LTR for ASCVD through age 85 among women was 15.5% for normoglycemics, 16.4% for IFG, and 38.6% for DM (Figure 1A). Among men, LTR for ASCVD through age 85 was 22.2% for normoglycemia, 25.0% for IFG, and 47.7% for DM (Figure 1B). The difference in LTR for ASCVD between normoglycemics and IFG was not statistically significant for women (LTR difference 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.8, 2.0) or men (LTR difference 95% CI: -5.8, 0.2). Conclusion: LTRs for ASCVD were similar among normoglycemia and IFG categories. However, LTR among middle-aged participants with DM were 39-48%; approximately twice as high as those with IFG. These data strongly support the importance of public health and clinical strategies that target prevention of incident DM by midlife.

scholarly journals Race Differences in Allostatic Load Among Black and White Men: Does Age Matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 423-423
Author(s):  
Sarah Hill ◽  
Hossein Zare ◽  
Marino Bruce ◽  
Keith Norris ◽  
Keith Whitfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
White Men ◽  
Race Differences ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Physiological Dysregulation ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Although Black-White disparities in health and mortality among men persist, there has been a paucity of work focusing on race differences in physiological dysregulation of biological processes resulting from the cumulative impact of stressors among men. The purpose of this study was to assess potential race differences in Allostatic Load (AL) among adult men and if such differences varied by age. Data were drawn from the 1999-2016 NHANES and the study population included 21,529 non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and 34,282 Non-Hispanic White (NHW) born in US. Adjusting for potential confounders, NHB men 25-44 and 45-64 had a higher AL score (OR = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00, 1.42) and (OR = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02, 1.28) NHW men. No race differences with respect to AL score were observed among the other age groups. The results suggest that age plays a role in race differences in AL

Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease risk in black and white women:

2001 ◽  
Vol 01 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Kate Wheeler ◽  
Cora E. Lewis ◽  
Dale Williams ◽  
Stephen Sidney ◽  
Catarina I. Kiefe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
White Women ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Black And White
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document