scholarly journals Race Differences in Allostatic Load Among Black and White Men: Does Age Matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 423-423
Author(s):  
Sarah Hill ◽  
Hossein Zare ◽  
Marino Bruce ◽  
Keith Norris ◽  
Keith Whitfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
White Men ◽  
Race Differences ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Physiological Dysregulation ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Although Black-White disparities in health and mortality among men persist, there has been a paucity of work focusing on race differences in physiological dysregulation of biological processes resulting from the cumulative impact of stressors among men. The purpose of this study was to assess potential race differences in Allostatic Load (AL) among adult men and if such differences varied by age. Data were drawn from the 1999-2016 NHANES and the study population included 21,529 non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and 34,282 Non-Hispanic White (NHW) born in US. Adjusting for potential confounders, NHB men 25-44 and 45-64 had a higher AL score (OR = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00, 1.42) and (OR = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02, 1.28) NHW men. No race differences with respect to AL score were observed among the other age groups. The results suggest that age plays a role in race differences in AL

scholarly journals RACE DIFFERENCES IN ALLOSTATIC LOAD AMONG BLACK AND WHITE MEN: DOES AGE MATTER?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S712-S712
Author(s):  
Roland J Thorpe ◽  
Hossein Zare ◽  
Paul Archibald ◽  
Marino A Bruce ◽  
Keith Norris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Race Differences ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Physiological Dysregulation

Abstract Although Black-White disparities in health and mortality among men persist, there is a paucity of work focusing on race differences in physiological dysregulation of biological processes resulting from the cumulative impact of stressors among men. The purpose of this study was to assess potential race differences in Allostatic Load (AL) among adult men and if such differences vary by age. Data were drawn from the 1999-2010 NHANES, and the study population included 2700 non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and 19930 Non-Hispanic White (NHW) born in US. AL was derived by summing across cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory biomarkers considered to be high risk, resulting in a count variable ranging from 0 to 9. Race was based on self-report. Age was categorized: 18-24, 25-44, 45-64, and 65 years and older. Negative binomial regression was used to examine the relationship between race and AL score. Models included education, marital status, family income, health insurance and self-reported health. Adjusting for potential confounders, NHB men had a higher AL score ((incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01, 1.11) than NHW men. NHB men 25-44 years old had a higher AL score than (IRR = 1.14, 95% CI;1.04, 1.24) than their NHW peers. No race differences with respect to AL score were observed among the other age groups. Race differences in AL vary by age categories. Efforts to improve longevity should focus on developing age-tailored health promoting strategies to reduce stress among Black men during early adulthood.

Abstract 15: Trends in Atrial Fibrillation-related Cardiovascular Mortality Rates in The United States: 1999-2017

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Tanaka ◽  
Nilay Shah ◽  
Rod Passman ◽  
Philip Greenland ◽  
Sadiya Khan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
White Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Black And White

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in adults and the prevalence is increasing due to the aging of the population and the growing burden of vascular risk factors. Although deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) death have dramatically decreased in recent years, trends in AF-related CVD death has not been previously investigated. Purpose: We sought to quantify trends in AF-related CVD death rates in the United States. Methods: AF-related CVD death was ascertained using the CDC WONDER online database. AF-related CVD deaths were identified by listing CVD (I00-I78) as underlying cause of death and AF (I48) as contributing cause of death among persons aged 35 to 84 years. We calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 population, and examined trends over time estimating average annual percent change (AAPC) using Joinpoint Regression Program (National Cancer Institute). Subgroup analyses were performed to compare AAMRs by sex-race (black and white men and women) and across two age groups (younger: 35-64 years, older 65-84 years). Results: A total of 522,104 AF-related CVD deaths were identified between 1999 and 2017. AAMR increased from 16.0 to 22.2 per 100,000 from 1999 to 2017 with an acceleration following an inflection point in 2009. AAPC before 2009 was significantly lower than that after 2009 [0.4% (95% CI, 0.0 - 0.7) vs 3.5% (95% CI, 3.1 - 3.9), p < 0.001). The increase of AAMR was observed across black and white men and women overall and in both age groups (FIGURE), with a more pronounced increase in black men and white men. Black men had the highest AAMR among the younger decedents, whereas white men had the highest AAMR among the older decedents. Conclusion: This study revealed that death rate for AF-related CVD has increased over the last two decades and that there are greater black-white disparities in younger decedents (<65 years). Targeting equitable risk factor reduction that predisposes to AF and CVD mortality is needed to reduce observed health inequities.

scholarly journals Explaining Racial Disparities in Obesity Among Men

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 464-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland J. Thorpe ◽  
Elizabeth Kelley ◽  
Janice V. Bowie ◽  
Derek M. Griffith ◽  
Marino Bruce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
White Men ◽  
National Data ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Race Disparities

National data indicate that Black men have higher rates of obesity than White men. Black men also experience earlier onset of many chronic conditions and premature mortality linked to obesity. Explanations for these disparities have been underexplored, and existing national-level studies may be limited in their ability to explicate these long-standing patterns. National data generally do not account for race differences in risk exposures resulting from racial segregation or the confounding between race and socioeconomic status. Therefore, these differences in obesity may be a function of social environment rather than race. This study examined disparities in obesity among Black and White men living in the same social and environmental conditions, who have similar education levels and incomes using data from the Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities-SWB (EHDIC-SWB) study. The findings were compared with the 2003 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Logistic regression was used to examine the association between race and obesity adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, and health conditions. In the NHIS, Black men had a higher odds of obesity (odds ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.12-1.49) than White men. However in the EHDIC-SWB, which accounts for social and environmental conditions of where these men live, Black men had similar odds of obesity (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = 0.70-1.62) compared with White men. These data highlight the importance of the role that setting plays in understanding race disparities in obesity among men. Social environment may be a key determinant of health when seeking to understand race disparities in obesity among Black and White men.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and force of infection of varicella-zoster virus in Luxembourg

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MOSSONG ◽  
L. PUTZ ◽  
F. SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Study Population

A serological prevalence survey was carried out in Luxembourg during 2000–2001 to determine the antibody status of the Luxembourg population against vaccine-preventable infections including varicella-zoster virus (VZV). ELISA tests performed on 2679 sera indicated that 96 (3·6%) of the study population were seronegative. Age-specific seroprevalence rose rapidly from approximately 70% at age 4 years to 90% at age 6 years to 95% at age 12 years. Significant heterogeneity of seroprevalence was observed between the six different primary schools. For age groups 0–5, 6–11 and 12+ years, we estimated an annual force of infection of 0·361 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·31–0·415)], 0·204 (95% CI 0·12–0·29) and 0·05 (95% CI 0·024–0·082) respectively. Our results indicate that transmission of VZV is highest in children below the age of 6 years and that much lower levels of VZV transmission occur in secondary schools and throughout adulthood.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Racial Health Disparities: Relationships between Coping and Psychological and Physiological Stress Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-574
Author(s):  
Julie Ober Allen ◽  
Daphne C. Watkins ◽  
Briana Mezuk ◽  
Linda Chatters ◽  
Vicki Johnson-Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
White Men ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Physiological Dysregulation

Objective: Psychological distress and physi­ological dysregulation represent two stress response pathways linked to poor health and are implicated in racial disparities in aging-related health outcomes among US men. Less is known about how coping re­lates to these stress responses. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine whether midlife and older men’s coping strategies and behaviors accounted, in part, for Black-White disparities in men’s psycho­logical and physiological stress responses.Methods: We examined racial differences in 12 coping strategies (COPE Inventory subscales, religious/spiritual coping, and be­haviors such as stress eating and substance use) and their relationships with psycho­logical distress (Negative Affect scale) and physiological dysregulation (blunted diurnal cortisol slopes) using regression models and cross-sectional data from 696 Black and White male participants aged 35-85 years in the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) II, 2004-2006.Results: Black men exhibited more psychological distress and physiological dysregulation than White men. Black and White men reported comparable use of most coping strategies, none of which demonstrated similar relationships with both stress responses. Coping strategies explained variations in psychological distress consis­tent with conventional protective-harmful categorizations. Coping accounted for racial disparities in men’s psychological distress, as Black men reported using harmful strategies more often and were more susceptible to their negative effects. Neither differential use of coping strategies nor differing rela­tionships accounted for racial disparities in physiological dysregulation.Conclusions: Findings revealed complex relationships between coping and psycho­logical and physiological stress responses and suggest the importance of differing approaches to reducing associated racial health disparities among men. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):563-574; doi:10.18865/ed.30.563

ALLOSTATIC LOAD AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN POLISH ADULT MEN

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA LIPOWICZ ◽  
ALICJA SZKLARSKA ◽  
ROBERT M. MALINA
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Physiological Dysregulation ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

SummaryThis study considers the relationship between a cumulative index of biological dysregulation (allostatic load) and several dimensions of socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle in adult Polish males. The extent to which lifestyle variables can explain SES variation in allostatic load was also evaluated. Participants were 3887 occupationally active men aged 25–60 years living in cities and villages in the Silesia region of Poland. The allostatic load indicator included eleven markers: % fat (adverse nutritional intake), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (cardiovascular activity), FEV1 (lung function), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (inflammatory processes), glucose and total cholesterol (cardiovascular disease risk), total plasma protein (stress-haemoconcentration), bilirubin, creatinine clearance and alkaline phosphatase activity (hepatic and renal functions). A higher level of completed education, being married and residing in an urban area were associated with lower physiological dysregulation. The association between indicators of SES and allostatic load was not eliminated or attenuated when unhealthy lifestyle variables were included in the model. Smoking status and alcohol consumption played minimal roles in explaining the association between SES and allostatic load; physical activity, however, had a generally protective effect on allostatic load.

Social Stratification and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease: Examination of Emotional Suppression as a Pathway to Risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1202-1215
Author(s):  
Jenny M. Cundiff ◽  
J. Richard Jennings ◽  
Karen A. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
White Men ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity

This article examines whether emotional suppression is associated with socioeconomic position (SEP) in a community sample of Black and White men, and whether emotional suppression may help explain the aggregation of multiple biopsychosocial risk factors for cardiovascular disease at lower SEP (social support, depression, cardiovascular stress reactivity). Aim 1 tests whether multiple indicators of SEP show a consistent graded association with self-reported trait suppression, and whether suppression mediates associations between SEP and perceived social support and depressive affect. Aim 2 tests whether suppression during a laboratory anger recall task mediates associations between SEP and cardiovascular reactivity to the task. All measures of higher SEP were associated with lower suppression. Findings in this racially diverse sample of adult men suggest that socioeconomic disparities in emotional suppression may be more likely to confer cardiovascular risk through disruption of affect and social relationships, than through direct and immediate physiological pathways.

scholarly journals Age, sex, race, initial fitness, and response to training: the HERITAGE Family Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1770-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Skinner ◽  
Artur Jaskólski ◽  
Anna Jaskólska ◽  
Joanne Krasnoff ◽  
Jacques Gagnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
White Men ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Older Subjects

Effects of age, sex, race, and initial fitness on training responses of maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max) are unclear. Data were available on 435 whites and 198 blacks (287 men and 346 women), aged 17–65 yr, before and after standardized cycle ergometer training. Individual responses varied widely, butV˙o 2 max increased significantly for all groups. Responses by men and women and by blacks and whites of all ages varied widely. There was no sex difference for change (Δ) inV˙o 2 max(ml · kg−1 · min−1); women had lower initial values and greater relative (%) increases. Blacks began with lower values but had similar responses. Older subjects had a lower Δ but a similar percent change. BaselineV˙o 2 max correlated nonsignificantly with ΔV˙o 2 max but significantly with percent change. There were high, medium, and low responders in all age groups, both sexes, both races, and all levels of initial fitness. Age, sex, race, and initial fitness have little influence onV˙o 2 max response to standardized training in a large heterogeneous sample of sedentary black and white men and women.

The Educational Gradient in Physiological Dysregulation: A Cross-Country Investigation

2018 ◽  
pp. 478-498
Author(s):  
Dana A. Glei ◽  
Noreen Goldman ◽  
Maxine Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Educational Differences ◽  
Physiological Dysregulation ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Educational Gradient

The chapter first reviews extant literature on educational gradients in physiological dysregulation. Prior studies suggested there is an inverse relationship between education and risk, although the association may be weaker at the oldest ages and stronger among whites than blacks; the educational gradient may differ by country; and sex differences in the educational gradient may depend on the context. The chapter then presents new comparative analyses of the relationship between physiological dysregulation and education based on data from five countries (United States, England, Russia, Costa Rica, and Taiwan). Large educational differences were found in dysregulation in Russia, US white men, US black women, and English white women. The finding that the educational differential among US women is larger for blacks than for whites appears to be sensitive to how one defines “high” education. Using race-specific cutoffs, the education gradient did not differ significantly between black and white women.

TO STUDY THE DYNAMICS OF IMMUNITY IN BLACK-AND-WHITE COWS DEPENDING ON AGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
М.В. ДОВЫДЕНКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Проведена статистическая обработка сформированной базы данных показателей неспецифической резистентности MS «Excel» с целью изучения динамики иммунитета по параметрам бактерицидной, лизоцимной и фагоцитарной активности у крупного рогатого скота черно-пестрой породы разных возрастов. Было установлено, что средние значения показателей лизоцимной и бактерицидной активности у телят в 6 мес были ниже (47,89% и 49,09%, соответственно), чем у животных в 3—4 года (53,75% и 52,81%). Выведено уравнение регрессии, описывающее взаимосвязь между средними показателями фагоцитарной активности и возрастом при высокой степени достоверности (R2=0,90). Изменения лизоцимной и бактерицидной активности в зависимости от возраста были недостоверными (R2=0,58 и R2=0,49, соответственно). Установлена высокая корреляция между бактерицидной и лизоцимной активностью. Отмечена динамика изменения неспецифического иммунитета у коров различных возрастных групп. Создание баз данных и постоянный мониторинг основных показателей естественной резистентности в зависимости от различных факторов (породы, возраста, стадий лактации, кормления, способов содержания), которые влияют на данные показатели, необходимо для оценки физиологического состояния организма животных и их устойчивости к болезням. Statistical processing of the generated MS "Excel" on indicators of non-specific resistance database was carried out with the aim of studying the dynamics of the development of immunity in terms of bactericidal, lysozyme and phagocytic activity in black-and-white cattle of different ages. It was found that the average values of indicators of lysozyme and bactericidal activity in calves at 6 months were lower (47.89% and 49.09%, respectively) than in animals at the age of 3—4 years (53.75% and 52.81%). The equation of regression was derived, it describes the relationship between the average indicators of phagocytic activity and the age with a high degree of reliability (R2=0.90). The changes in lysozyme and bactericidal activity depending on age were dubious (R2=0.58 and R2=0.49, respectively). The high correlation between bactericidal and lysozyme activity was established. It was noticed that the cows of different age groups experienced the dynamics of changes in nonspecific immunity. The creation of databases and constant monitoring of the main indicators of natural resistance, depending on various factors (breed, age, stages of lactation, feeding, methods of keeping) that affect these indicators, is necessary for assessing the physiological state of the animals’ body of and their resistance to diseases.

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