Common Ingroup Identity, Perceived Similarity, and Communal Interracial Relationships

Interracial Relationships ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Perceived Similarity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Black And White ◽

Romantic Dyads ◽

Common Ingroup Identity ◽

Interracial Relationship ◽

Integrating theory on interpersonal relationships and intergroup relations, this research examined the role of common ingroup recategorization (i.e., perceiving outgroup members as belonging to the same superordinate group as oneself) in fostering communal interracial relationships. A cross-sectional study (Study 1) and a short-term intensive longitudinal study (Study 2) involving Black and White friendship and romantic dyads suggested that recategorization predicted greater communal motivation and security via perceived similarity. These effects were found in terms of both enduring characteristics and changes over time. In turn, communal motivation and security predicted greater self-reported prosocial behavior and relationship satisfaction, suggesting that they are beneficial to interracial relationship quality. Communal motivation also predicted increases over time in recategorization and perceived similarity, suggesting bidirectional effects. Taken together, these results suggest a reciprocal process in which common ingroup recategorization and perceptions of similarity promote and derive from the communal nature of interracial relationships.

Hubungan Budaya Organisasi dengan Intensi Turnover di Rumah Sakit Awal Bros Batam

Jurnal Endurance ◽

10.22216/jen.v4i3.4609 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 464

Author(s):

Endang Sulastri ◽

Yulastri Arif ◽

Utari Christhya Wardhani

Keyword(s):

Organizational Culture ◽

Turnover Intention ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Good Communication

Intensi turnover pada institusi pelayanan kesehatan merupakan masalah serius dan harus segera ditindaklanjuti, karena akan berdampak terhadap kualitas sumber daya manusia yang dapat mempengaruhi dalam pemberian pelayanan kesehatan kepada pasien. Intensi turnover di Rumah Sakit Awal Bros Batam sejak lima tahun terakhir diatas standar rata-rata turnover dan Rumah Sakit belum mempunyai stategi yang efektif untuk mencegahnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan budaya organisasi dengan risiko intensi turnover di Rumah Sakit Awal Bros Batam. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan cross sectional study. Pengambilan sampel kuantitatif menggunakan kuesioner berdasarkan proposional random sampling, Chi Square dan Uji Regresi Logistic Berganda (Binary Logistic). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budaya organisasi di Rumah Sakit Awal Bros Batam mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan intensi turnover dengan nilai pValue 0.005. Saran yang dapat diberikan peneliti adalah menciptakan suasana kerja yang kondusif dengan menjaga hubungan interpersonal dan komunikasi yang baik antar karyawan maupun atasan. The intention of turnover in health care institutions is a serious problem and must be followed up immediately, because it will have an impact on the quality of human resources that can affect the delivery of health services to patients. The intention of the turnover in Batam Awal Bros Hospital since the last five years is above the average turnover standard and the Hospital does not yet have an effective strategy to prevent it. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between organizational culture and risk of turnover intention at Awal Bros Batam Hospital. The research method uses quantitative design with cross sectional study. Quantitative sampling using a questionnaire based on proportional random sampling, data processing using the mean, Chi Square and Binary Logistic Regression Test. The results showed that the organizational culture in Batam Awal Bros Hospital had a significant relationship with turnover intention with a pValue 0.005. Suggestions that can be given by researchers is establish a conducive work atmosphere by maintaining interpersonal relationships and good communication between employees and superiors

Time trends of socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent smoking in Okinawa, Japan, 2008–2016: a repeated cross-sectional study

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12199-021-00948-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Minoru Takakura ◽

Masaya Miyagi ◽

Akira Kyan

Keyword(s):

Time Trends ◽

Parental Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽

School Type ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Japanese Adolescents ◽

Index Of Inequality ◽

Abstract Background Smoking among Japanese adolescents has decreased noticeably. However, little is known whether the decreasing trend in adolescent smoking can be seen across all socioeconomic status (SES) groups. This study aimed to examine trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking among Japanese adolescents between 2008 and 2016. Methods We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study using data from three surveys of high school students in Okinawa, Japan, in 2008, 2012, and 2016. The study participants consisted of 7902 students in grades 10 through 12 (15–18 years). Smoking was assessed as current cigarette use. SES indicators included familial SES (parental education and family structure) and student’s own SES (school type). To evaluate absolute and relative inequalities, prevalence differences (PDs) and ratios (PRs) between low and high SES groups were estimated. The slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were also calculated. Results Smoking prevalence among boys and girls significantly declined from 11.5% and 6.2% in 2008 to 4.7% and 1.9% in 2016, respectively. Similar decreasing trends in smoking were found among most of the SES groups. The PDs and SII for parental education in boys and family structure in girls decreased over time while those for school type persisted among boys and girls. The PRs and RII for school type in boys increased while those for other SES indicators among both sexes remained stable over time. Conclusions Smoking among Japanese adolescents has been declining and time trends of socioeconomic inequalities in smoking varied by absolute and relative measures. Further policies and/or interventions to reduce smoking inequalities should focus on the context of schools, especially in vocational high schools.

Could Emotional Intelligence Ability Predict Salary? A Cross-Sectional Study in a Multioccupational Sample

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031322 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1322

Author(s):

Martin Sanchez-Gomez ◽

Edgar Breso ◽

Gabriele Giorgi

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Correlation And Regression Analysis

Work Experience ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Repair Capacity ◽

Relevant Variable ◽

The study of emotional intelligence (EI) in work environments is a trending topic. However, few studies have examined the relationship between EI and salary. Therefore, the presented research aims to analyze the influence of EI on salary using a multioccupational sample. The participants were 785 subjects aged between 18 and 58 years (M = 39.41; SD = 10.95). EI ability was measured using the Mobile Emotional Intelligence Test (MEIT), while the salary was collected together with other sociodemographic variables in a questionnaire created ad hoc. After controlling for the age, gender, social class, educational level, and work experience variables, the results of correlation and regression analysis showed that participants with higher EI and emotional-repair capacity generally have higher salary. These findings provide preliminary evidence that EI is a relevant variable in achieving career success. The ability to channel and manage emotions could help employees develop stronger interpersonal relationships, leading to higher positions and greater financial compensation.

Trend and status of out-of-pocket payments for healthcare in Iran: equity and catastrophic effect

Journal of Egyptian Public Health Association ◽

10.1186/s42506-020-00055-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Satar Rezaei ◽

Abraha Woldemichael ◽

Mohammad Ebrahimi ◽

Sina Ahmadi

Keyword(s):

Household Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Publicly Funded ◽

Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽

Time Series Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Out Of Pocket Payments ◽

Main Determinants ◽

Over Time ◽

Yearly Data

Abstract Background Equity in the distribution of health care resources and mitigating the risk of out-of-pocket (OOP) catastrophic healthcare expenditures (CHE) are the major objectives of the health system of a country. This study aims to measure equity in OOP payments for healthcare and the incidence of CHE among Iranian households over time. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized data extracted from the household income and expenditure survey (HIES) of Iran, collected by the Statistical Center of Iran. The analysis included a total of 174,341 households’ five yearly data of 6 years starting from 1991 to 2017. Kakwani progressivity index (KPI) was used to measure the equity in OOP payment for each year and examine the households’ incidence of CHE at 20%, 30%, and 40% of their capacities to pay (CTP). The trend series regression analysis was used to examine the trend in the KPI and the incidence of the CHE over time. Results The findings indicated that the households’ expenditure on health out of their monthly budgets for the years 1991 and 2017 were 2.1% and 10.1%, respectively. The KPI for the OOP payment was negative for all 6-year observations (1991 = − 0.680; 1996 = − 0.608; 2001 = − 0.554; 2006 = − 0.265; 2011 = − 0.225, and 2017 = − 0.207), indicating that the OOP payments for healthcare are regressive and more concentrated among the socioeconomically disadvantaged households. There was a statistically significant (p = 0.003) increase in the KPI (i.e., decline in the regressivity) over time. The incidence of the CHE (1.12, 1.93, and 3.71%) in 1991 at the CTP levels of 20%, 30%, and 40% was lower than the incidence at the corresponding levels of CTP (5.26, 10.88, and 22.16) in 2017. The findings of the time-series regression indicated a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in the incidence of the CHE at the 20%, 30%, and 40% levels of the households’ CTP. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that OOP payment as a source of healthcare funding in Iran is inequitable. While the use of interventions such as the prepaid and publicly funded programs may contribute to the reduction of CHE and improvement of equity in healthcare financing, further inequality analyses in the incidence of the CHE among households and its main determinants can contribute to evidence-informed planning to reduce the CHE in the context.

Temporal Trends in the Severity and Mortality of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Era of Hypothermia

Neonatology ◽

10.1159/000518654 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Cristina Vega-Del-Val ◽

Juan Arnaez ◽

Sonia Caserío ◽

Elena Pilar Gutiérrez ◽

Marta Benito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Trends ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Annual Incidence ◽

Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽

Annual Decline ◽

Introduction: There is a paucity of studies examining temporal trends in the incidence and mortality of moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) during the last decade of therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Methods: Multicenter cross-sectional study of all infants ≥35 weeks gestational age diagnosed with moderate-to-severe HIE within 6 h of birth in an extensive region of Spain between 2011 and 2019, in order to detect trend changes over time in the (1) annual incidence, (2) severity of neurological and systemic organ involvement, and (3) neonatal death from HIE. Results: Annual incidence rate of moderate-to-severe HIE was 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7–0.97) per 1,000 births, without trend changes over time (p = 0.8), although the proportion of severe HIE infants showed an average annual decline of 0.86 points (95% CI 0.75–0.98). There were 102 (70%) infants diagnosed with moderate HIE and 44 (30%) with severe HIE. TH was offered to 139/146 (95%) infants. Infants with clinical and/or electrical seizures showed a decreasing trend from 56 to 28% (p = 0.006). Mortality showed a nonstatistically significant decline (p = 0.4), and the severity of systemic damage showed no changes (p = 0.3). Obstetric characteristics remained unchanged, while higher perinatal pH values (p = 0.03) and Apgar scores (p = 0.05), and less need for resuscitation (p = 0.07), were found over time. Conclusion: The annual incidence of moderate-to-severe HIE has stabilized at around 1 per 1,000 births, with a temporal trend toward a decrease in severe HIE infants and a slight decline of mortality. No association was found between temporal trends and changes in perinatal/obstetric characteristics over time.

Hepatitis B antibody titers in Indonesian adolescents who received the primary hepatitis B vaccine during infancy

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi53.3.2013.160-6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Hartono Gunardi ◽

Adra Firmansyah ◽

Sri Rezeki S Harun ◽

Sudigdo Sastroasmoro

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Booster Dose ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Tests ◽

Vaccination History ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Hb Vaccine ◽

Backgi-ound Hepatitis B (HB) has been classified as moderate-tohighlyendemic in Indonesia. HB vaccination, the most effectivemethod to prevent HB viral transmission, induces protectiveantibodies against HB surface antigen (anti-HBs). However, theseantibodies decline in titer over time. Studies on the duration ofprotection and the prevalence of n on-responders in Indonesianadolescents have been limited.Objectives To determine anti-HBs titers in 15-17-year oldIndonesian adolescents given primary HB vaccine during infancyand the prevalence of non-responders after a HB vaccine boosterdosage.Methods This cross-sectional study was performed from Februaryto September 2008 on adolescents aged 15-17 years in threesenior high schools in Jakarta who received complete primary HBvaccines during infancy, based on parents' recall. Investigationsincluded HB vaccination history, anthropometric measurements,and blood tests for anti-HBs before and 4-6 weeks after a boosterdose ofHB vaccine.Results Of 94 subjects, 35 had protective anti-HBs and 59 hadundetectable anti-HBs. A booster dose was administered to 5 8 of then on-protected subjects, of which 33 showed anamnestic responses.However, 25 subjects failed to generate protective anti-HBs. Takinginto consideration the adolescents with protective anti-HBs beforeand after the booster dose, serologic protection was demonstratedin 73%. Non-responder prevalence was 27%. The high prevalenceof non-responders may indicate bias of parents' recall.Conclusion Protective anti-HBs is detected in less than half ofIndonesian adolescents given primary HB vaccine during infancy.Following booster dosage, anamnestic responses are n oted in onethirdof subjects. The prevalence of non-responders is 27%, butconfirmation with further study is needed.

Experience of stigma among mental health service users in Hong Kong: Are there changes between 2001 and 2017?

International Journal of Social Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0020764018815926 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 64-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ka-Fai Chung ◽

Samson Tse ◽

Chit-Tat Lee ◽

Michael Ming-Cheuk Wong ◽

Wing-Man Chan

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Mental Health Service ◽

Health Service ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Service Users ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Background: Public expenditure on mental health education has grown exponentially in the past two decades. Does the experience of stigma among people with mental health problems improve over time? Our study aims to compare the levels of perceived stigmatization, rejection experiences and stigma–coping among mental health service users in Hong Kong between 2001 and 2017 using longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional study design. Method: The baseline survey was completed by 193 psychiatric outpatients in 2001. They were traced for re-assessment in 2017. Another sample of 193 outpatients matched in age, gender and psychiatric diagnosis was recruited in 2017 for cross-sectional comparison. Participants completed a 39-item questionnaire on stigma experiences, Beck Depression Inventory and Disability Assessment Schedule at both time points. Results: In total, 109 of 193 participants (56.5%) of the 2001 survey were re-assessed. No significant change in perceived stigmatization, rejection experiences and stigma–coping was found among the 109 participants interviewed in 2001 and 2017. For cross-sectional comparison, significant differences in two perceived stigma items were observed upon Bonferroni correction (chi-square test, p < .005) and remained significant after controlling for confounding factors by regression analysis. Improvements in perceived stigmatization were on marriage and friendship, while viewpoints on trustworthiness, dangerousness, devaluation, avoidance and personal failure remained unchanged, and there was no improvement in rejection experiences and stigma–coping. Conclusion: Positive attitude changes over time are unlikely to occur if there is no targeted intervention on stigma. Our findings highlight that evidence-based antistigma interventions are urgently needed.

“Change over time in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris between 2004 and 2016 in Iran”: A multiple cross‐sectional study

Dermatologic Therapy ◽

10.1111/dth.12827 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. e12827 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fereshteh Salarvand ◽

Zahra Fatehi ◽

Maryam Shahali ◽

Kamran Balighi ◽

Maryam Ghiasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Change Over Time ◽

Multiple Cross ◽

Social integration of children with and without ASD in their first school year

10.47040/sd0000078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 4-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alice Florentina Pruteanu

Keyword(s):

Social Skills ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychomotor Development ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Developmental Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Social Skills Rating System ◽

School Year ◽

Children With Asd

The present research presents the results of a cross-sectional study on the relationships among developmental level at the beggining of the first school year, interpersonal relationships, and social abilities at the end of the first school year, in children with and without ASD. The participants were 120 children, 60 diagnosed with ASD and 60 with typical development aged 6 to 7 years, M = 6.27, AS = .20, of which 78 boys (65%) and 42 girls (35%). The instrument used for the measurement of developmental level was Portage Psychomotor Development Scale (Bluma et al., 1976), social skills were measured with 17 items of the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) (Gresham & Elliott, 1990), and the quality of relationships with others was measured with four items of the Sense of Relatedness Questionnaire (Furrer& Skinner, 2003). Two hierarchical regression analyses were ran, with three steps each. The results showed that child-peer relationship and also child-teacher relationship could diminish the effects of being diagnosed with ASD and also of developmental level on social skills. Practical implications were discussed. Our results support the importance of early interventions for children with ASD as a means to contribute to the developmental level of children with ASD, comparable with children without ASD.