Tackling Taboo Topics: A Review of the Three Ms in Working Women’s Lives

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia A. Grandey ◽  
Allison S. Gabriel ◽  
Eden B. King
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Work Outcomes ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Career Trajectories ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Taboo Topics ◽  
Work Affect ◽  
New Research

In North America and Western Europe, women now compose almost half the workforce but still face disparities in pay and promotions. We suggest that women’s natural experiences of the three Ms (i.e., menstruation, maternity, and menopause) are taboo topics in ways that may constrain women’s careers. We propose that the three Ms are particularly incongruent with expectations at intersecting career stages (i.e., a job market newcomer having menstrual discomfort, an early career professional breastfeeding, a company leader getting hot flashes), with implications for work outcomes. In this review, we tackle the taboo of the three Ms by reviewing the evidence for how menstruation, maternity, and menopause are each linked to (1) hormonal and physiological changes, (2) societal beliefs and stereotypes, and (3) work affect, cognition, and behavior. We conclude by proposing novel implications for incorporating the three Ms into existing theoretical frameworks (i.e., work-nonwork spillover; stigma and disclosure; occupational health) and presenting new research questions and practices for understanding and addressing the ways that women’s health intersects with career trajectories.

The Contradictions and Intersections of Class and Gender in a Global City: Placing Working Women's Lives on the Research Agenda

10.1068/a3781 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda McDowell ◽  
Diane Perrons ◽  
Colette Fagan ◽  
Kath Ray ◽  
Kevin Ward
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Global City ◽  
High Status ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Gender Divisions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Research

In this paper we examine the relationships between class and gender in the context of current debates about economic change in Greater London. It is a common contention of the global city thesis that new patterns of inequality and class polarisation are apparent as the expansion of high-status employment brings in its wake rising employment in low-status, poorly paid ‘servicing’ occupations. Whereas urban theorists tend to ignore gender divisions, feminist scholars have argued that new class and income inequalities are opening up between women as growing numbers of highly credentialised women enter full-time, permanent employment and others are restricted to casualised, low-paid work. However, it is also argued that working women's interests coincide because of their continued responsibility for domestic obligations and still-evident gender discrimination in the labour market. In this paper we counterpose these debates, assessing the consequences for income inequality, for patterns of childcare and for work–life balance policies of rising rates of labour-market participation among women in Greater London. We conclude by outlining a new research agenda.

scholarly journals Perspectives on Marine Data Science as a Blueprint for Emerging Data Science Disciplines

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Theresia Verwega ◽  
Carola Trahms ◽  
Avan N. Antia ◽  
Thorsten Dickhaus ◽  
Enno Prigge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Interface Science ◽  
Marine Data ◽  
New Research

Earth System Sciences have been generating increasingly larger amounts of heterogeneous data in recent years. We identify the need to combine Earth System Sciences with Data Sciences, and give our perspective on how this could be accomplished within the sub-field of Marine Sciences. Marine data hold abundant information and insights that Data Science techniques can reveal. There is high demand and potential to combine skills and knowledge from Marine and Data Sciences to best take advantage of the vast amount of marine data. This can be accomplished by establishing Marine Data Science as a new research discipline. Marine Data Science is an interface science that applies Data Science tools to extract information, knowledge, and insights from the exponentially increasing body of marine data. Marine Data Scientists need to be trained Data Scientists with a broad basic understanding of Marine Sciences and expertise in knowledge transfer. Marine Data Science doctoral researchers need targeted training for these specific skills, a crucial component of which is co-supervision from both parental sciences. They also might face challenges of scientific recognition and lack of an established academic career path. In this paper, we, Marine and Data Scientists at different stages of their academic career, present perspectives to define Marine Data Science as a distinct discipline. We draw on experiences of a Doctoral Research School, MarDATA, dedicated to training a cohort of early career Marine Data Scientists. We characterize the methods of Marine Data Science as a toolbox including skills from their two parental sciences. All of these aim to analyze and interpret marine data, which build the foundation of Marine Data Science.

Examining the Recruitment, Placement, and Career Trajectories of Secondary Mathematics Teachers Prepared for High-Need Schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
William Zahner ◽  
Suzanne Chapin ◽  
Rich Levine ◽  
Lingjun A. He ◽  
Robert Afonso
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Early Career ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Secondary School Mathematics ◽  
Stem Majors ◽  
Career Trajectories ◽  
High Need Schools

Background School leaders are challenged by the relatively limited supply and high turnover of qualified secondary school mathematics teachers. In response, policy makers and teacher educators have developed various pathways and incentives to recruit, train, place, and support highly qualified mathematics teachers to work in hard-to-staff schools. Focus of Study In this study, we investigate the recruitment, placement, and early career trajectories of 158 Grades 6–12 mathematics teachers from two preparation programs focused on staffing “high-need” schools in the same region. Setting The contrasting programs were both supported by the same university in the Northeast United States. Participants & Programs The participants were 158 secondary school (Grades 6–12) mathematics teachers. Of these, 48 were recruited and prepared through a teacher education program with financial support from the National Science Foundation-funded Robert Noyce Teacher Scholarship Program. The other 110 school mathematics teachers were recruited and trained through the Greater Boston office of Teach For America. Both programs required two years of service in high-need schools. Research Design In this study, we used a comparative design. Descriptive profiles of teachers from each program were created. Then, participants’ early career trajectories were compared using logistic regression and survival analysis. Data Collection and Analysis We administered a longitudinal survey and created a database combining survey data and each program's administrative data. Conclusions Our data illustrate that the Noyce scholarship-supported pathway was generally successful in recruiting individuals with STEM majors, training them to be mathematics teachers, and placing those individuals as secondary school mathematics teachers in high-need schools. The comparison of the scholarship-pathway teachers with the secondary school mathematics teachers in the alternative-certification pathway provides a useful contrast. On the one hand, the alternatively certified secondary school mathematics teachers were less likely than the scholarship-pathway teachers to have STEM majors, and the attrition rate for the alternatively prepared teachers was higher than the attrition rate for the scholarship-supported teachers, particularly after they had completed the two-year service requirement. On the other hand, the alternative-certification program recruited a more diverse pool of potential teachers and placed these teachers in schools serving a higher proportion of low-SES students.

scholarly journals The material culture of burial and its microgeography: A Luxembourg cemetery as a methodological example of an object-centred approach to quantitative material culture studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-359
Author(s):  
Christoph K. Streb ◽  
Thomas Kolnberger ◽  
Sonja Kmec
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The University

This article uses a novel quantitative methodology to examine sepulchral material culture. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of social spatialization and art as agency, the authors contend that variations in grave designs and materiality cannot simply be explained in terms of changes in fashion and mentality. Other factors also need to be taken into account. Using a digital data collection tool, the Cemetery Surveyor Application (CSA) developed at the University of Luxembourg, they compile a set of data encompassing all the material aspects of each grave in a cemetery in Luxembourg (Western Europe), the setting of their case study. The graves are dated from the 1850s to 2015. |The authors compare the chronological evolution of the most recurrent material features with a GIS-based spatial analysis of the same features. The results of the spatial analysis not only largely confirm the chronological study, but also allow them to be more precise (dating is often problematic) and include undated graves (a third of the sample). The digital data collection tool also allows them to compare cemeteries and to highlight variations in these that cannot merely be imputed to chronology, but also to spatial proximity and material agency.

An agenda for women’s history in Ireland, 1500–1900: Part I: 1500–1800

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (109) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret MacCurtain ◽  
Mary O’Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Women's History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women’S History

In the last twenty years women’s history has emerged as a major field of scholarly inquiry. An extensive literature has accumulated on the history of women in western Europe and North America, and the contribution which women have made to many different aspects of western society has been rediscovered. New areas of study have been developed as the gender differences in men’s and women’s lives have been recognised and researched. The expanding secondary literature has also led to a lively debate about the purpose, methodology and theory of women’s history. A central focus of discussion has been the relationship between women’s history and mainstream history. Initially research on the history of women tended to work within the parameters of traditional history: to be fitted into its ‘empty spaces’. But dissatisfaction with the male-centred and patriarchal nature of the predominant historical discourse has led women historians to seek out new methodologies and to argue that consideration of history from the perspective of women, as well as of men, is a major challenge to the whole nature of historical inquiry. As Gerda Lerner, a pioneer of women’s history in the United States, put it, women’s history challenges the traditional assumption that man is the measure of all that is significant, and that the activities pursued by men are by definition significant, while those pursued by women are subordinate in importance. It challenges the notion that civilization is that which men have created, defended, and advanced while women had babies and serviced families and to which they, occasionally and in a marginal way, ‘contributed’.

The Drover's Wife and the Drover's Daughter: Histories of Single Farming Women and Debates in Australian Historiography

Rural History ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Married Women ◽  
The Other ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Rural History ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
New Research ◽  
Rural Australia

AbstractIn the 1980s two vigorous debates commanded the attention of economic and feminist historians alike, and they played a key part in shaping the historiography concerning rural women in Australia. One debate revolved around the use of the nineteenth-century census in determining women's occupations, including those of farming women. The other debate, part of a wider feminist conversation about women's agency, focused on the question of the nature of white women's lives within colonial families and society. Despite the centrality of rural women to these debates, and the role colonial women's histories played in shaping the historiography, these debates did not impact upon the writing of rural history in Australia. This article revisits these debates in the light of new research into the lives of never-married women on Australia's family farms and uses their histories to question the conclusions arrived at by feminist and economic historians. It also questions the continuing invisibility of rural women in histories of rural Australia and hopes to provoke more discussion between rural and feminist historians.

Interglacial climates: Advances in our understanding of warm climate episodes

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Schreve ◽  
Ian Candy
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Warm Climate ◽  
Climatic Evolution ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
New Research ◽  
Continental Ice Sheets ◽  
Shed Light

The Quaternary is characterized by the alternation of relatively brief periods of temperate climate (interglacials) with episodes of extreme cold, often with the build-up of extensive continental ice sheets. Over the last decade, new research has revealed far greater complexity and diversity in the interglacial record than previously recognized, with temperate-climate episodes of markedly different duration, stability and intensity. These findings not only shed light on the climatic parameters behind changing floras and faunas during the Pleistocene but also aid our understanding of climatic evolution during the Holocene (the current interglacial), in particular the search for the most appropriate past analogues. In this progress report, we review the basis for interglacial complexity, drawing upon the evidence from long continuous terrestrial records in the Mediterranean, Antarctic ice cores and river terrace sequences in western Europe, before using the details of the British Quaternary interglacial record as an example of how marine and terrestrial records can be linked.

scholarly journals Good winds are expected!

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 95-96
Author(s):  
Carlos Renato Zacharias
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Sharing Responsibility ◽  
New Research ◽  
Academic Geography

Probably by cultural and historical reasons, Western Europe occupied the center of homeopathy research stage. It was in Western Europe that Hahnemann initially established the grounds of homeopathy, and also were Western European the researchers who have been trying to characterize the scientific bases behind high dilutions biological action ever since. Europe witnessed all phases of homeopathy development, its growth and also its decline, its time of glory as well as its many crises. Ideological divergences – sometimes grounded on irresponsible attitudes by homeopaths themselves, sometimes arising from skeptics pride and prejudice – gave rise to political and social movements against homeopathy. In spite of this, clinical and experimental evidences kept homeopathy alive as an important therapeutic option able to reunite low cost and efficacy provided its conceptual basis and limitations are observed. ... More than ever, HD research appears as an emergent and highly active field! And much work still needs to be done. The academic geography of HD research is changing. It is not a matter of replacing old by new research centers. As a fact, HD research is expanding its boundaries, its scientific community has started sharing responsibility and joining efforts. As any other scientific field, also HD research is building a critical mass, which is a sine qua non requirement for research to attain the quality demanded by contemporary science. New winds are blowing and they will surprise those little prepared or unexpecting.

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