An Improved Medical Ultrasonic Imaging System for Scanning Peripheral Anatomy

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Marich ◽  
S. D. Ramsey ◽  
D. A. Wilson ◽  
J. F. Holzemer ◽  
D. J. Burch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Doppler System ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Simultaneous Evaluation ◽  
Blood Flow Dynamics ◽  
Very High

An Improved Ultrasonic B-scan/Doppler system has been developed for the noninvasive assessment of atherosclerotic arterial disease. Very high-resolution cross-sectional images of anatomic structures are produced by the 10-MHz B-scan subsystem. Instantaneous profiles of blood flow velocity as a function of position are produced by a bidirectional 16-channel pulsed-Doppler subsystem, operating at 5 MHz. Flow profiles are superimposed on the B-scan image, allowing simultaneous evaluation of anatomic structure and blood flow dynamics. Images of the carotid artery, thyroid gland, testicle, and eye are presented to demonstrate the diagnostic potential for imaging peripheral anatomy.

Dependence of muscleV˙o 2on blood flow dynamics at onset of forearm exercise

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1619-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Hughson ◽  
J. K. Shoemaker ◽  
M. E. Tschakovsky ◽  
J. M. Kowalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Blood Flow Dynamics ◽  
Forearm Exercise

Hughson, R. L., J. K. Shoemaker, M. E. Tschakovsky, and J. M. Kowalchuk. Dependence muscle ofV˙o 2on blood flow dynamics at the onset of forearm exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4): 1619–1626, 1996.—The hypothesis that the rate of increase in muscle O2 uptake (V˙o 2 mus) at the onset of exercise is influenced by muscle blood flow was tested during forearm exercise with the arm either above or below heart level to modify perfusion pressure. Ten young men exercised at a power of ∼2.2 W, and five of these subjects also worked at 1.4 W. Blood flow to the forearm was calculated from the product of blood velocity and cross-sectional area obtained with Doppler techniques. Venous blood was sampled from a deep forearm vein to determine O2 extraction. The rate of increase inV˙o 2 musand blood flow was assessed from the mean response time (MRT), which is the time to achieve ∼63% increase from baseline to steady state. In the arm below heart position during the 2.2-W exercise, blood flow andV˙o 2 musboth increased, with a MRT of ∼30 s. With the arm above the heart at this power, the MRTs for blood flow [79.8 ± 15.7 (SE) s] and V˙o 2 mus(50.2 ± 4.0 s) were both significantly slower. Consistent with these findings were the greater increases in venous plasma lactate concentration over resting values in the above heart position (2.8 ± 0.4 mmol/l) than in the below heart position (0.9 ± 0.2 mmol/l). At the lower power, both blood flow andV˙o 2 musalso increased more rapidly with the arm below compared with above the heart. These data support the hypothesis that changes in blood flow at the onset of exercise have a direct effect on oxidative metabolism through alterations in O2transport.

scholarly journals Total Cerebral Blood Flow and Hippocampal Volume in Patients with Arterial Disease. the SMART-MR Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1727-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnoud Jan Gilbert Knoops ◽  
Yolanda van der Graaf ◽  
Auke Peter Adriaan Appelman ◽  
Willem Petrus Theodorus Maria Mali ◽  
Mirjam Irene Geerlings
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
P Value ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Cross Sectional

It has been suggested that compared with other brain tissues, the hippocampus in particular is vulnerable to chronic hypoperfusion. We investigated whether total parenchymal cerebral blood flow (pCBF) was associated with hippocampal atrophy, and also whether this relationship was modified by white matter lesions (WMLs). In a cross-sectional analysis within the SMART-MR (Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-magnetic resonance) study, which is a cohort study among patients with arterial disease, total CBF (tCBF) and hippocampal volume were assessed in 392 patients (mean age: 62±9 years, 84% men). Total CBF was expressed in per 100 mL brain volume for obtaining pCBF. Manual volumetric measurements of the hippocampus were carried out on a three-dimensional fast field-echo T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan with isotropic voxels. Automated brain segmentation was used to quantify volumes of the WML and the total brain. A linear regression analysis showed that reduced pCBF was not associated with smaller hippocampal volume after adjustments were made for age and sex. The association attenuated further after additional adjustments were made for vascular risk factors, lacunar infarcts, and WMLs ( β=0.01 mL per s.d. decrease in pCBF; 95% confidence interval: −0.06 to 0.08). The association was not modified by WML ( P-value for interaction term pCBF∗WML=0.84). We found no evidence of the fact that lower parenchymal blood flow contributes to the neurodegeneration of the hippocampus in a population of patients with arterial disease.

Finding very high lipoprotein(a): the need for routine assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick S Nurmohamed ◽  
Yannick Kaiser ◽  
Pauline C E Schuitema ◽  
Shirin Ibrahim ◽  
Melchior Nierman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Risk Reclassification ◽  
Ascvd Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Abstract Aims To validate the reported increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk associated with very high lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and to investigate the impact of routine Lp(a) assessment on risk reclassification. Methods and results We performed a cross-sectional case-control study in the Amsterdam UMC, a tertiary hospital in The Netherlands. All patients in whom a lipid blood test was ordered between October 2018 and October 2019 were included. Individuals with Lp(a) >99th percentile were age and sex matched to individuals with Lp(a) ≤20th percentile. We computed odds ratios (ORs) for myocardial infarction (MI) and ASCVD using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and systolic blood pressure. Furthermore, we assessed the additive value of Lp(a) to established ASCVD risk algorithms. Lipoprotein(a) levels were determined in 12 437 individuals, out of whom 119 cases [Lp(a) >99th percentile; >387.8 nmol/L] and 119 matched controls [Lp(a) ≤20th percentile; ≤7 nmol/L] were included. Mean age was 58 ± 15 years, 56.7% were female, and 30.7% had a history of ASCVD. Individuals with Lp(a) levels >99th percentile had an OR of 2.64 for ASCVD [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45–4.89] and 3.39 for MI (95% CI 1.56–7.94). Addition of Lp(a) to ASCVD risk algorithms led to 31% and 63% being reclassified into a higher risk category for Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) and Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART), respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of ASCVD is nearly three-fold higher in adults with Lp(a) >99th percentile compared with matched subjects with Lp(a) ≤20th percentile. In individuals with very high Lp(a), addition of Lp(a) resulted in one-third of patients being reclassified in primary prevention, and over half being reclassified in secondary prevention.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a New Wireless Carotid Neckband Doppler System with Wearable Ultrasound Sensors: Preliminary Results

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilseob Song ◽  
Jongmin Yoon ◽  
Jinbum Kang ◽  
Min Kim ◽  
Won Seuk Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Doppler System ◽  
Doppler Signals ◽  
Blood Flow Dynamics ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Noninvasive monitoring of blood flow in the carotid artery is important for evaluating not only cerebrovascular but also cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, a wireless neckband ultrasound Doppler system, in which two 2.5-MHz ultrasonic sensors are utilized for acquiring Doppler signals from both carotid arteries, is presented for continuously evaluating blood flow dynamics. In the developed wireless neckband Doppler system, the acquired Doppler signals are quantized by 14-bit analog-to-digital-converters running at 40 MHz, and pre-processing operations (i.e., demodulation and clutter filtering) are performed in an embedded field programmable gate array chip. Then, these data are transferred to an external smartphone (i.e., Galaxy S7, Samsung Electronics Co., Suwon, Korea) via Bluetooth 2.0. Post-processing (i.e., Fourier transform and image processing) is performed using an embedded application processor in the smartphone. The developed carotid neckband Doppler system was evaluated with phantom and in vivo studies. In a phantom study, the neckband Doppler system showed comparable results with a commercial ultrasound machine in terms of peak systolic velocity and resistive index, i.e., 131.49 ± 3.97 and 0.75 ± 0.02 vs. 131.89 ± 2.06 and 0.74 ± 0.02, respectively. In addition, in the in vivo study, the neckband Doppler system successfully demonstrated its capability to continuously evaluate hemodynamics in both common carotid arteries. These results indicate that the developed wireless neckband Doppler system can be used for continuous monitoring of blood flow dynamics in the common carotid arteries in point-of-care settings.

Blood Flow Pattern and Anastomotic Compliance for Interrupted versus Continuous Coronary Bypass Grafts

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Gerdisch ◽  
Thomas Hinkamp ◽  
Stephen D. Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Coronary Bypass ◽  
Bypass Grafts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coronary Bypass Grafts ◽  
Geometric Consistency ◽  
Suturing Technique ◽  
Suturing Techniques ◽  
Key Indicators

<P>Background: Use of the interrupted coronary anastomosis has largely been abandoned in favor of the more rapid continuous suturing technique. The Coalescent U-CLIP anastomotic device allows the surgeon to create an interrupted distal anastomosis in the same amount of time that it would take to create a continuous anastomosis. This acute bovine study examined the effect of the anastomotic technique on blood flow and vessel wall function. </P><P>Methods: End-to-side coronary anastomoses were created in an open chest bovine model using the left and right internal thoracic arteries and the left anterior descending coronary artery. All other variables except suturing technique were carefully controlled. In each animal, one anastomosis was completed using a continuous suturing technique and the other was performed in an interrupted fashion using the Coalescent U-CLIP anastomotic device. Volumetric flow curves through each graft were analyzed using key indicators of anastomotic quality, and anastomotic compliance was evaluated using intravascular ultrasound. Luminal castings were created of each vessel to examine the interior surface of each anastomosis for constrictions and deformities. </P><P>Results: The interrupted anastomoses created with the Coalescent U-CLIP anastomotic device showed significant differences with respect to anastomotic compliance, pulsatility index, peak flow, and percentage of diastolic flow. The cross-sectional area and degree of luminal deformity were also different for the two suturing techniques. </P><P>Conclusions: In this acute bovine model, interrupted coronary anastomoses demonstrated superior geometric consistency and greater physiologic compliance than did continuously sutured anastomoses. The interrupted anastomosis also caused fewer disturbances to the flow waveform, behaving similarly to a normal vessel wall. The combination of these effects may influence both acute and long-term patency of the coronary bypass grafts.</P>

The relationship betweenparityand the incident of perinealruptures on women’s physiological maternity

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Rosita ◽  
Siti Nurnaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Midwifery Care ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Record Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

There are about 2.8 million incident of perineal rupture in maternal physiological labor. In 2050,it is estimated that the incidence of perineal rupture can be 6.3 million if it is not accompanied by a good midwifery care. In 2016, in Trawas, there was (89%) perineal rupture in primiparas and (57%) perineal rupture in multiparas. Perineal rupture incidences due to parity were still very high. This study aims to analyze the relationship between parity and the incidence of perineal rupture . It is quantitative studyusing a cross sectional approach, by using analysis of physiological maternity women  medical record data from January to April 2017 of 130 peoplein Trawas Public Health Center, Mojokerto Regency.The dataanalysis used was Chi - Square , indicated by p value = 0,000 with ɑ = 0,05. It means that the value of p <ɑ, so H1 is accepted. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between parity and the incidence of perineal rupture on physiological maternity women in Trawas Public Health Center,Mojokerto Regency. Midwives can apply collaboration with patients and their families to have physical and psychologicalpreparation with an alternative of hypnobirthing methods.

HIGH PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITON AND WORM INFECTION AMONG VAN KIEU AND PAKOH CHILDREN AGED 12-36 MONTHS IN DAKRONG DISTRICT, QUANG TRI PROVINCE

2012 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Thi Lan Tran ◽  
Thi Huong Le ◽  
Xuan Ninh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Group Recommendation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Very High

Objectives: Assess the nutritional status, worm infection status and some related factors among children aged 12-36 months of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Subject and method: A cross sectional study was carried out in 2010, in 680 children aged 12-36 months in 4 communes of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Results: The malnutrition rate was 55.0% for underweight, 66.5% for stunting and 16.2% for wasting. The prevalence of malnutrition increases by age group. The prevalence of worm infection was 31.6%, the highest prevalence was belong to Ascaris infection (24.6%), followed by Hookworm and Trichuris (6.5% and 6.2%, respectively). The prevalence of worm infection among children under two is very high (27.0%). The prevalence of worm infection was distributed quite equally between the malnutrition children group and normal children group. Recommendation: Early deworming forchildren from 12 months should be considered as important strategy against the malnutrition of children in Dakrong district, Quang Tri province

Clinical Utility of the Ankle-Brachial Index and Toe Brachial Index in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutasem Ababneh ◽  
Mousab Y. Al Ayed ◽  
Asirvatham A. Robert ◽  
Mohamed A. Al Dawish
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Toe Brachial Index

Background: This cross sectional study investigated the clinical use of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and toe brachial index (TBI) in 91 type 2 diabetic foot ulcer patients who visited the diabetic foot clinic, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia during July 2017 and January 2018. Materials and Methods: The ABI and TBI facilitated the detection of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and the patients’ medical records were used to collect the clinical and demographic variables. The variables of duration (p = 0.047) and treatment (p = 0.046) of the ABI showed significant differences. Age (p = 0.034) and duration (p = 0.001) were the factors related to the diagnosis of TBI by the “χ2” test. Results: From the TBI, 26.4% of the patients were found to have PAD, while the ABI showed that 21.8% of patients had the condition. However, no statistical significance was noted. From the regression analysis, the variable duration of diabetes (≥ 20 years of age) was recognized as an independent risk factor for TBI. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is recommended both the ABI and TBI to be used as screening tests for PAD in diabetic foot ulcer patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document