Cultural orientations and historical changes as predictors of parenting behaviour

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Keller ◽  
Joern Borke ◽  
Relindis Yovsi ◽  
Arnold Lohaus ◽  
Henning Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Parenting Behaviour

This study addresses the stability and variability of patterns of parenting in three cultural environments that can be assumed to differ with respect to their cultural models. German middleclass families can be assumed to follow primarily independent socialisation goals, Cameroonian Nso farmers can be assumed to follow primarily interdependent socialisation goals, and Costa Rican families can be assumed to follow an autonomous relational orientation. Parenting patterns of mothers interacting with their 3-month-old babies were assessed at two points in time, being 4 to 6 years apart. The data confirm the predicted cultural differences in style of parenting, which proved to be stable across the covered time span. We also predicted changes in parenting styles that should be oriented to a more independent cultural model across the cultural samples. Our data confirm this hypothesis, although the changes are differentially represented in the three samples, with the Cameroonian Nso sample expressing no significant changes and the German middle-class sample representing the most pronounced changes. The data are interpreted as documenting linkages between parenting and macrolevel societal changes.

scholarly journals What Are Friends for in Russia Versus Canada?: An Approach for Documenting Cross-Cultural Differences

2021 ◽  
pp. 106939712110245
Author(s):  
Marina M. Doucerain ◽  
Andrew G. Ryder ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences

Most research on friendship has been grounded in Western cultural worlds, a bias that needs to be addressed. To that end, we propose a methodological roadmap to translate linguistic/anthropological work into quantitative psychological cross-cultural investigations of friendship, and showcase its implementation in Russia and Canada. Adopting an intersubjective perspective on culture, we assessed cultural models of friendship in three inter-related ways: by (1) deriving people’s mental maps of close interpersonal relationships; (2) examining the factor structure of friendship; and (3) predicting cultural group membership from a given person’s friendship model. Two studies of Russians (Study 1, n = 89; Study 2a, n = 195; Study 2b, n = 232) and Canadians (Study 1, n = 89; Study 2a, n = 164; Study 2b, n = 199) implemented this approach. The notions of trust and help in adversity emerged as defining features of friendship in Russia but were less clearly present in Canada. Different friendship models seem to be prevalent in these two cultural worlds. The roadmap described in the current research documents these varying intersubjective representations, showcasing an approach that is portable across contexts (rather than limited to a specific cross-cultural contrast) and relies on well-established methods (i.e., easily accessible in many research contexts).

Negative Self-Perception and Components of Stress in Canadian, British, and Hong Kong Adolescents

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bagley ◽  
Kanka Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Adolescent Stress ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Hong Kong Adolescents

Responses to a 68-item Adolescent Stress Scale of 14- to 16-yr.-olds in Canada ( n = 369), Britain ( n = 217), and Hong Kong ( n = 349) were compared. Four common subscales identified by principal component analysis emerged in the three samples. Scores on subscales (Relationship Problems, Abuse at Home, Scholastic and Career Problems, and Loneliness and Social Isolation) were significantly correlated for both sexes with negative self-esteem scores in the three national groups. Differences in stress between cultures were explicable in terms of known cultural differences.

scholarly journals Work Addiction and Work Engagement: A Network Approach to Cross-Cultural Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Bereznowski ◽  
Aleksandra Bereznowska ◽  
Paweł Andrzej Atroszko ◽  
Roman Konarski
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Network Node ◽  
Work Addiction ◽  
Utrecht Work Engagement Scale ◽  
Node Centrality ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Lasso Method

This study aimed to investigate direct relationships of work addiction symptoms with dimensions of work engagement. We used three samples in which work addiction was measured with the Bergen Work Addiction Scale and work engagement was measured with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. One sample comprised responses from working Norwegians (n1 = 776) and two samples comprised responses from working Poles (n2 = 719; n3 = 715). We jointly estimated three networks using the fused graphic lasso method. Additionally, we estimated the stability of each network, node centrality, node predictability, and quantitatively compared all networks. The results showed that absorption and mood modification could constitute a bridge between work addiction and work engagement. It suggests that further investigation of properties of absorption and mood modification might be crucial for answering the question of how engaged workers become addicted to work.

scholarly journals Exploring Cross-Cultural Differences In Social Knowledge Creation And Exchange: A Preliminary Examination

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Girard ◽  
Andy Bertsch
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
The Social

This paper chronicles an exploratory, in-progress research project that compares the findings of Hofstede’s cross-cultural research with those of Forrester’s Social Technographics research.  The aim of the project is to determine if a relationship exists between cultural differences and social knowledge creation and exchange.  Part one of the study mapped Davenport and Prusak’s information and knowledge creation theories to the six components of Forrester’s Social Technographics study (creators, critics, collectors, joiners, spectators, and inactives).  Next, the Social Technographics results from 13 nations were compared with Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions (power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity).  The analysis included exploring the relationship visually using 24 scatter diagrams, running correlation coefficients (Peasson’s r) for each relationship, testing for significance of Pearson’s r, and finally conducting regression analyses on each relationship. Although the authors believe that culture influences behaviours, this study did not reveal any reasonable relationships between culture and placement along the Social Technographics.  However, it is possible that there exists problems in the Hofstede scales.  The Hofstede scales have been highly criticized in the literature.  It may be that other cross-cultural models such as GLOBE, Schwartz, Triandis, or others may yield different results.  In this regard, further research is necessary.  The next phase of the project will compare Social Technographics with the GLOBE project findings.

A Review of Matthias Doepke and Fabrizio Zilibotti’s Love, Money and Parenting: How Economics Explains the Way We Raise Our Kids

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1001-1022
Author(s):  
Lena Edlund
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Parental Rights ◽  
The West ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

As Generation X’s (born in the 1960s and 1970s) child bearing years draw to a close, its parenting practices are due for assessment, the topic of the book under review. The book organizes its discussion around Diana Baumrind’s three parenting styles: authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative. It chronicles the drift toward the two latter and argues that income inequality determines which one of the two will be popular. When inequality is low, less is at stake and the parenting style can be more relaxed. By contrast, high inequality pushes parents toward the achievement- oriented authoritative style. More generally, the book argues, cultural differences in parenting styles can be understood as the outcome of altruistic parents’ efforts to prepare their children for adulthood, a useful perspective when parental rights are limited, long the case in the West.(JEL D13, D63, I20, J12, J13, J16)

Stability of Amiodarone in an Oral Suspension Stored under Refrigeration and at Room Temperature

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 851-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milap C. Nahata
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Oral Suspension ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tablet Dosage

OBJECTIVE: Amiodarone is currently available in a tablet dosage form, which cannot be used in young pediatric patients. The objective of our study was to determine the stability of amiodarone in an oral suspension stored at two temperatures. METHODS: Commercially available amiodarone tablets (200 mg each) were dissolved in purified water and a suspension prepared in methylcellulose 1 % and syrup to yield a concentration of 5 mg/mL. The dosage form was stored in 10 glass and 10 plastic prescription bottles. One-half of the bottles were stored at 4 °C and the others at 25 °C. Three samples were taken from each bottle at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56. 70, and 91 days (n = 15). Amiodarone concentrations were measured by a validated and stability-indicating HPLC method; the pH was also determined in each sample. The drug was considered stable if its concentration exceeded 90% of the original concentration. RESULTS: The mean concentration of amiodarone was 90% or more at 4 °C for 91 days and at 25 °C for 42 days. The concentration was not affected by the type of storage container. Over 91 days, the pH did not change at 4 °C; it decreased slightly from 4.4 to 4.3 at 25 °C. CONCLUSIONS: Amiodarone was stable in an oral suspension for 3 months under refrigeration and for 6 weeks at room temperature.

Stability of Sotalol in Two Liquid Formulations at Two Temperatures

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milap C Nahata ◽  
Richard S Morosco
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Liquid Dosage Form ◽  
Mean Concentration

BACKGROUND: Sotalol is used in certain pediatric patients to treat, suppress, or prevent the recurrence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. However, it is commercially unavailable in a liquid dosage form. The use of an extemporaneously prepared liquid dosage form must be supported by the documentation of the chemical and physical stability of sotalol. OBJECTIVE: To determine the stability of sotalol hydrochloride extemporaneously prepared from tablets in 2 oral suspensions stored at 2 temperatures. METHODS: Five bottles contained Ora Plus: Ora Sweet (1:1) and the other 5 bottles had 1% methylcellulose:simple syrup NF (1:9), with a sotalol concentration of 5 mg/mL. Three samples were collected from each bottle at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 91 days and analyzed by a stability-indicating HPLC analytical method (n = 15). RESULTS: At 4°C, the mean concentration of sotalol was at least 98.9% of the original concentration in Ora Plus: Ora Sweet suspension and 95.5% of the initial concentration in 1% methylcellulose:simple syrup during storage for 3 months. At 25°C, the mean concentration of sotalol was ≥95.5% of the original concentration in Ora Plus: Ora Sweet suspension and 94.4% of the initial concentration in 1% methylcellulose:simple syrup during storage for 3 months. The pH did not change substantially during the study period. Further, no changes in physical appearance were seen during the study. CONCLUSIONS: Sotalol hydrochloride can be prepared in either of 2 liquid dosage forms and stored in plastic bottles for 13 weeks at 4 or 25°C without substantial loss of potency.

PERCEIVED PARENTING STYLES AND DISORDERED PERSONALITY TRAITS IN ADOLESCENT AND ADULT STUDENTS AND IN PERSONALITY DISORDER PATIENTS

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongrong Yu ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Fuyong Qian ◽  
Kerry L. Jang ◽  
W. John Livesley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Adult Students ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Perceived Parenting ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Dimensional Assessment ◽  
The Relationship

To examine the relationship between perceptions of parenting and personality, the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979) and the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology – Basic Questionnaire (DAPP; Livesley & Jackson, in press) were administered to 167 adolescent and 422 adult students, as well as to 198 patients with personality disorders. Principal component analysis of the PBI yielded 3 factors in all three samples: Care, Freedom Control, and Autonomy Denial. Chinese personality disorder patients perceived less parental Care than did adolescent and adult students, more paternal Freedom Control than did adults, and more paternal Autonomy Denial than did adolescents. Most regression coefficients between PBI and DAPP scales were moderate, but consistent with previous literature. These findings are similar to those found in the non-Chinese samples, suggesting that parental bonding is important in the development of personality disorders across different nations.

scholarly journals The Mothering of Conduct Problem and Normal Children in Spain and the USA: Authoritarian and Permissive Asynchrony

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wahler ◽  
M. Angeles Cerezo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Conduct Problem ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
The Usa

Ninety-two clinic-referred and nonclinical mother-child dyads in Spain and the USA were observed in their home settings under naturalistic conditions for a total of 477 hours. Children in the clinic-referred dyads were considered troubled because of conduct problems. The observations were aimed at assessing two forms of mother-child asynchrony, either of which was expected to differentiate clinic referred from nonclinical dyads. Authoritarian asynchrony was defined as a mother's indiscriminate use of aversive reactions to her child, whereas the permissive form entailed indiscriminate positive reactions. Results showed the American mothers to generate more permissive asynchrony, whereas the Spanish mothers were inclined in the authoritarian direction. Only authoritarian asynchrony differentiated the clinical versus nonclinical dyads in each country. Discussion was centered on the greater salience of aversive as opposed to positive maternal attention, and cultural differences between countries that might have accounted for the different parenting styles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document