Cultural differences in the stability of self-report measures: A comparison of Korean and German students

SummaryThe stability of self-report of 72 skid-row alcoholics over a one to six month interval was explored. Relatively high response agreement on reinterview was indicated for demographic items, but less reliability was observed on items assessing social functioning and drinking patterns. Implications of the findings for the evaluation of treatment programs are discussed.

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The stability of the Parental Bonding Instrument over a 20-year period

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291704003538 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 387-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 207

Author(s):

KAY WILHELM ◽

HEATHER NIVEN ◽

GORDON PARKER ◽

DUSAN HADZI-PAVLOVIC

Keyword(s):

Life Experience ◽

Mood State ◽

Parental Bonding ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Self Report ◽

Parental Bonding Instrument ◽

Valid Instrument ◽

The Stability ◽

State Depression ◽

Over Time

Background. The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) measures the perception of being parented to the age of 16 years. Low scores on the care dimension and high scores on the overprotection dimension are considered to be risk factors of depression. While the PBI has been shown to be a reliable and valid instrument, the stability of the PBI over extended periods (taking into account individual characteristics and life experience) needs to be demonstrated.Method. The PBI was measured in a non-clinical cohort on four waves between 1978 and 1998, along with a series of self-report measures including state depression and neuroticism. Differences in PBI change over time were examined by gender, lifetime major depression diagnosis, and life event variables, as well as by scores on neuroticism and state depression.Results. Acceptable retest coefficients on PBI scores over the 20-year study were found for the cohort. No differences were found in PBI scores over time on the variables examined, including sex and depression measures.Conclusions. The results indicate long-term stability of the PBI over time. The influences of mood state and life experience appear to have little effect on the stability of the perception of parenting as measured by the PBI. The present study increases confidence in the PBI as a valid measure of perceived parenting over extended time periods.

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Ego Function Assessment of Substance Abusers: Standardization and Reliability

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.2000.87.3f.1185 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 87 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1185-1195 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Samuel Juni ◽

Joseph E. Stack ◽

Jane Muir Burton

Keyword(s):

Substance Abusers ◽

Self Report ◽

Treatment Facility ◽

Hierarchical Algorithm ◽

Response Sets ◽

Stability Data ◽

Ego Functioning ◽

The Stability ◽

Function Assessment

This study examined the reliability of Ego Function Assessment in a self-report inventory which yields 12 function measures. 89 substance abusers in an urban treatment facility completed the inventory; 81 completed the inventory again after 2 wk. Test protocols of the first administration were assessed for interitem consistency utilizing a hierarchical algorithm which revised scales to yield optimal alphas. Retest scores were used to evaluate the stability of the 12 scales over 2 wk. Standardization, reliability, and stability data are presented for the original and revised scales. The possibility of response sets in the items are explored, and data patterns are discussed in terms of state vs trait issues in ego functioning.

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The stability flexibility tradeoff and the dark side of detail

10.1101/2020.01.03.894014 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew R. Nassar ◽

Vanessa Troiani

Keyword(s):

Information Processing ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Self Report ◽

Dark Side ◽

Processing Strategies ◽

The Stability ◽

High Flexibility ◽

The Impact ◽

Attention To Detail

AbstractLearning in dynamic environments requires integrating over stable fluctuations to minimize the impact of noise (stability) but rapidly responding in the face of fundamental changes (flexibility). Achieving one of these goals often requires sacrificing the other to some degree, producing a stability-flexibility tradeoff. Individuals navigate this tradeoff in different ways, with some people learning rapidly (emphasizing flexibility) and others relying more heavily on historical information (emphasizing stability). Despite the prominence of such individual differences in learning tasks, the degree to which they relate to broader characteristics of real-world behavior or pathologies has not been well explored. Here we relate individual differences in learning behavior to self-report measures thought to collectively capture characteristics of the Autism spectrum. We show that that young adults who learn most slowly tend to integrate more effective samples into their beliefs about the world making them more robust to noise (more stability), but are more likely to integrate information from previous contexts (less flexibility). We show that individuals who report paying more attention to detail tend to use high flexibility and low stability information processing strategies. We demonstrate the robustness of this inverse relationship between attention to detail and formation of stable beliefs in a heterogeneous population of children that includes a high proportion of Autism diagnoses. Together, our results highlight that attention to detail reflects an information processing policy that comes with a substantial downside, namely the ability to integrate data to overcome environmental noise.

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Multimethod Assessement of Time-Stable and Time-Variable Interindividual Differences

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000577 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Jana Holtmann ◽

Tobias Koch ◽

Johannes Bohn ◽

Michael Eid

Keyword(s):

Convergent Validity ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Report ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Personality Psychology ◽

Interindividual Differences ◽

Major Interest ◽

Categorical Response ◽

The Stability

Abstract. The dynamic development of interindividual differences and the temporal interplay between different personality constructs are of major interest to many researchers in the field of personality psychology. Furthermore, the collection of multiple rater-perspectives complementing classical self-report measures in psychological assessment is increasingly applied also in longitudinal research. Nevertheless, models to analyze longitudinal multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) data are scarce. A new Latent State-Trait (LST) Graded Response Model for the analysis of longitudinal MTMM data with ordered categorical response variables is introduced. The model combines advantages of LST theory and MTMM models for different types of raters (interchangeable and structurally different) with an Item Response Theory (IRT) approach. The model allows researchers to analyze the stability and variability of personality constructs, discriminant and convergent validity, as well as rater effects on the item-level. Model application and interpretation are illustrated using subjective well-being data of young adults. Results of an extensive simulation study indicate that the model can be accurately estimated with Bayesian statistics with at least 3 measurement occasions and more than 250 target persons rated by at least 5 interchangeable raters under moderate degrees of convergent validity.

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Feelings about Self and Body during Adolescent Pregnancy

Families in Society The Journal of Contemporary Social Services ◽

10.1177/104438949307400503 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 74 (5) ◽

pp. 282-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Laurie Sternberg ◽

Lynn Blinn

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Adolescent Pregnancy ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Self Report ◽

Pregnant Adolescents ◽

Report Data ◽

Self Report Data ◽

The Stability ◽

Negative Feelings

The primary objective of this pilot study was to explore the stability of feelings about self and body during adolescent pregnancy. Fourteen pregnant adolescents kept personal diaries for six weeks concerning their perceptions of self and body. Diary entries revealed negative feelings toward self and body. However, negative feelings about body were slightly more stable than were negative feelings about self. Results indicate that practitioners should be sensitive to the pregnant adolescent's changing image of self and body. Additionally, researchers should consider the reliability of self-report data.

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Attachment (in)security and threat priming influence signal detection performance

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships ◽

10.1177/0265407517700513 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 889-916 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ezgi Sakman ◽

Nebi Sümer

Keyword(s):

Signal Detection ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Detection Task ◽

Attachment Anxiety ◽

Self Report ◽

False Alarms ◽

Attachment Avoidance ◽

Attachment Figure ◽

Attachment Orientations ◽

Attentional Performance

This study examined whether the subliminal priming of threat and attachment figure availability interfere with cognitive attentional performance in conditions of uncertainty among individuals with differing attachment orientations. University students ( N = 225) first completed a scale to identify names of their significant attachment figures (WHOTO) and self-report measures of attachment anxiety and avoidance and were then administered a computerized signal detection task assessing their cognitive attentional performance under conditions of threat and attachment figure availability priming. Findings revealed that both attachment anxiety and avoidance posed risk factors for cognitive performance but in different patterns. While attachment avoidance made individuals more prone to errors in missing a signal that was present, attachment anxiety increased the error rate for false alarms. These findings are discussed in relation to previous work in the field and their implications for potential cultural differences.

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Improving the Usefulness of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2011/873424 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 239-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jeffrey M McKillop ◽

Warren R Nielson

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Self Report ◽

Good Precision ◽

Sample Mean ◽

Multidimensional Pain Inventory ◽

Pain Management Program ◽

The Stability ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND: The Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is a reliable and valid self-report instrument that measures the impact of pain on an individual’s life, quality of social support and general activity. Criticism of the MPI has focused on this instrument’s internal structure and the stability of its classification taxonomy.OBJECTIVES: To determine whether empirical summary scales could be developed for the MPI based on a large sample of respondents diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome. It was hypothesized that summary scales would improve the psychometric quality of the MPI and increase the stability of respondents’ taxonomy profiles across time.METHODS: Respondents completed the MPI on two occasions before their admission to a multidisciplinary pain management program.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Based on principal components analysis, three summary scales were developed that reflected level of impairment, social support and activity. Summary scales possessed good psychometric qualities and, when cluster analyzed, replicated the MPI taxonomy. Exploratory analyses of the MPI taxonomy revealed that goodness-of-fit values generally became less reliable as respondent profiles approached the overall sample mean. When the relative distance between respondents fit to taxonomy profiles and the distance from the sample mean was considered, profile stability using summary scales was predicted with good precision. These results suggest that summary scales may enhance the usefulness of the MPI, and that the traditional method of determining profile fit within the MPI is not stable and needs to be reconsidered.

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