Overweight or obesity associations with physical aggression in children and adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa K.W. Tso ◽  
Bosco Rowland ◽  
John W. Toumbourou ◽  
Belinda L. Guadagno
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference ◽  
Level Effect ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Being overweight or obese (overweight/obesity) or physically aggressive in childhood and adolescence can have lifelong consequences, hence are important public health problems. Identifying a relationship between these problems would assist in understanding their developmental origins. The present paper sought to review previous studies and use meta-analysis to evaluate whether there is evidence of a relationship between overweight/obesity and physical aggression in children and adolescents. A systematic search of studies that reported the effect of overweight/obesity (in the form of body mass index) on physical aggression was conducted. A total of 23 studies were identified, representing data from 255,377 participants. The results indicate that children and adolescents who are overweight or obese are more physically aggressive than their normal-weight or underweight peers. The average weighted standardized mean difference (the effect size) for aggression in overweight and obese children and adolescents compared to others was found to be 0.27 (95% confidence interval [CI95]: .17–.37), and was significant ( p<.001). Gender sub-analysis indicated that higher physical aggression amongst overweight or obese compared to normal-weight or underweight peers is a slightly larger effect for boys (standardized mean difference of .35, CI95: .18–.52, p<.001) than girls (standardized mean difference of .24, CI95: .07–.42, p<.01). High levels of heterogeneity (94.41%) were found between study-level effect sizes. The developmental processes that may explain the association between overweight/obesity and physical aggression in children and adolescents are discussed.

Abstract MP30: Longitudinal Tracking of Obesity From Childhood and Adolescence Into Adulthood: The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin R Ryder ◽  
Alan R Sinaiko ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
Tian Hu ◽  
Trudy Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Obese Adolescent ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All

Obesity in childhood and adolescence tracks into adulthood. However, limited longitudinal data exist on variation in tracking in relation to pediatric development periods, race, and gender. The study objective was to relate adult (age>30) weight status to that in childhood (3-11, mean 8.5 yrs; adult 36.6 yrs; N=4,511) and adolescence (12-17, mean 14 yrs; adult 39.9 yrs; N=7,215) from seven i3C cohorts. Overall tracking of BMI into adulthood was highly significant (p<0.0001) and similar from childhood and adolescence. Almost all obese children (74.3%) and adolescents (81.6%) became obese adults, and few obese children (6.5%) or adolescents (4.2%) became normal-weight adults. Overweight children and adolescents also were more likely to become obese adults (60.7% and 65.2%, respectively), and few became normal weight (11.7% and 6.6%). Normal weight children and adolescents tended to remain normal weight into adulthood (43% and 40.3%), but 22.7% of both normal-weight children and adolescents became obese. Patterns differed by race and gender (both p<0.001). Obese adolescent females had the highest persistence of obesity in adulthood (84.2%), followed by obese adolescent males (79.3%), obese male children (78.1%) and obese female children (70.6%). Normal weight male and female children and adolescents had a similar low prevalence of obesity as adults (22-23%), but females were more likely than males to remain normal weight from childhood (51.2% and 33.1%) and adolescence (48.7% and 30.6%). Tracking by race (see Table) showed that blacks had greater risk of adult obesity regardless of childhood or adolescent weight category. The results show that: 1) almost all obese and most overweight children and adolescents became obese adults; 2) one-fifth of white normal weight children and adolescents became obese adults; 3) even normal weight black children and adolescents are at significant risk of becoming obese adults. These data strongly suggest the need for early intervention to prevent adult obesity-related morbidity.

Intralymphatic immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Werner ◽  
John V. Bosso
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Skin Prick Testing ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Nasal Provocation ◽  
Intralymphatic Immunotherapy ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference

Background: Only a fraction of patients with allergic rhinitis receive allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). AIT is most commonly delivered subcutaneously in a series of injections over 3‐5 years. Common obstacles to completing this therapy include cost and inconvenience. Intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) has been proposed as a faster alternative, which requires as few as three injections spaced 4 weeks apart. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the current evidence that supports the use of ILIT for allergic rhinitis. Methods: Clinical trials were identified in the published literature by using an electronic search strategy and were evaluated by using a risk of bias tool. Treatment outcome (symptom scores, medication scores, and combined symptom and medication scores) and provocation testing results (nasal provocation and skin-prick testing) were included in a meta-analysis of standardized mean difference with subgrouping by using a random-effects model. Overall adverse event rates were tabulated, and overall risk ratios were calculated by using a random-effects model. Results: We identified 17 clinical trials that met eligibility criteria. The standardized mean difference of ILIT on the symptom and medication score was ‐0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], ‐0.98 to ‐0.46; p < 0.0001) (n = 10). The standardized mean difference of ILIT on nasal provocation and skin-prick testing was ‐1.00 (95% CI, ‐1.38 to ‐0.61; p < 0.0001) (n = 7) and ‐0.73 (95% CI, ‐0.99 to ‐0.47; p < 0.0001) (n = 7), respectively. No statistically significant heterogeneity was detected. The overall adverse event rate was 39.5% for ILIT and 23.5% for placebo. Also, 98.4% of adverse events were mild. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis demonstrated that ILIT was safe, conferred desensitization to seasonal and nonseasonal allergens, alleviated allergic rhinitis symptoms, and reduced medication use. A larger randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial will be necessary for wider adaptation of this form of AIT.

Efficacy of Adjuvant Magnesium for Posttonsillectomy Morbidity in Children: A Meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Kyung Cho ◽  
In Joon Park ◽  
Ho Young Yoon ◽  
Se Hwan Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Postoperative Bleeding ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Analgesic Requirement ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference

Objectives The perioperative administration of magnesium is known to reduce postoperative morbidities in adults, such as pain, agitation, and laryngospasm. The objective is to assess the effects of perioperative magnesium as the adjuvant to tonsillectomy as compared with tonsillectomy in children. Data Source Five databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane). Method Two authors independently searched databases up to January 2017. We compared perioperative magnesium administration (magnesium groups) with no administration of magnesium (control group). The following outcomes were measured: postoperative pain intensity, analgesics administration, or other morbidities (laryngospasm, agitation, postoperative bleeding) in the postoperative 24 hours. Additionally, to evaluate the discrepancy of effects according to different administration routes, subgroup analyses regarding effects according to systemic or local administration of magnesium were performed. Results Nine prospective randomized controlled studies (n = 615) that evaluated the effect of magnesium in children having undergone tonsillectomy met inclusion criteria. Compared with control group, the time for first analgesic requirement was significantly delayed in magnesium groups (standardized mean difference = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.20-1.31; P = .0079). Laryngospasm (log odds ratio = −1.09; 95% CI,−2.11 to −0.07; P = .0362) and agitation score (standardized mean difference = −0.67; 95% CI, −0.97 to −0.36; P < .0001) in the recovery room also significantly decreased in magnesium groups. In subgroup analyses regarding pain and laryngospasm-related measurements, local administration of magnesium was shown to be more effective at reducing postoperative morbidities. Conclusions Perioperative magnesium regardless of route may offer pain, agitation, and laryngospasm relief without adverse effects in pediatric tonsillectomy. Based on the high heterogeneity of results within some parameters, further studies need to be performed to affirm these results.

scholarly journals The effect of unilateral and bilateral laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis on Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) level after 3 and 6 months: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisodowleh Nankali ◽  
Mohsen Kazeminia ◽  
Parnian Kord Jamshidi ◽  
Shamarina Shohaimi ◽  
Nader Salari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Transient Growth ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference

Abstract Background Endometriosis is one of the most common causes of infertility. The causes of the disease and its definitive treatments are still unclear. Moreover, Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein dimer that is a member of the transient growth factors family. This research work aimed to identify the effect of unilateral and bilateral laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis on AMH levels after 3 months, and 6 months, using meta-analysis. Methods In this study, the articles published in national and international databases of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Cochrane, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI) were searched to find electronically published studies between 2010 and 2019. The heterogeneous index between studies was determined using the I2 index. Results In this meta-analysis and systematic review, 19 articles were eligible for inclusion in the study. The standardized mean difference was obtained in examining of unilateral laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis (before intervention 2.8 ± 0.11, and after 3 months 2.05 ± 0.13; and before intervention 3.1 ± 0.46 and after 6 months 2.08 ± 0.31), and in examining bilateral laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis examination (before intervention 2.0 ± 08.08, and after 3 months 1.1 ± 0.1; and before intervention 2.9 ± 0.23 and after 6 months 1.4 ± 0.19). Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that unilateral and bilateral laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis is effective on AMH levels, and the level decreases in both comparisons.

scholarly journals Estimation of percentage of body fat in field studies – a method based on relative elbow breadth (Frame Index) and BMI

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka Mumm ◽  
Anna Reimann ◽  
Christiane Scheffler
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Robusticity

Background Over the last 20 years, a decreasing trend in external skeletal robusticity and an increasing trend in overweight and obesity was observed worldwide in adults and children as modern lifestyles in nutritional and activity behavior have changed. However, body mass index (BMI) as a measure for overweight is not an ideal predictor of % body fat (%BF) either in children and adolescents or in adults. On the contrary, it disguises a phenomenon called “hidden obesity”. Objectives We aim to approximate %BF by combining skeletal robusticity and BMI and develop an estimation-based tool to identify normal weight obese children and adolescents. Sample and Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data on height, weight, elbow breadth, and skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) of German children aged 6 to 18 years (N=15,034). We used modified Hattori charts and multiple linear regression to develop a tool, the “%BF estimator”, to estimate %BF by using BMI and skeletal robusticity measured as Frame Index. Results Independent of sex and age an increase in BMI is associated with an increase in %BF, an increase in Frame Index is associated with a decrease in %BF. The developed tool “%BF estimator” allows the estimation of %BF per sex and age group after calculation of BMI and Frame Index. Conclusion The “%BF estimator” is an easily applicable tool for the estimation of %BF in respect of body composition for clinical practice, screening, and public health research. It is non-invasive and has high accuracy. Further, it allows the identification of normal weight obese children and adolescents.

The effectiveness of virtual reality-based technology on anatomy teaching: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jingjie zhao ◽  
xinliang xu ◽  
Hualin Jiang ◽  
yi ding
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference ◽  
Anatomy Teaching

Abstract Virtual reality (VR) is an innovation that permits the individual to discover and operate three-dimensional (3D) environment to gain practical understanding instantly. Recently, VR has been advanced as an encouraging tool in the course of clinical college. This research aimed to examine the general efficiency of VR for teaching medical anatomy. We executed a meta-analysis of randomized regulated studies of the performance of VR anatomy education. We browsed 5 databases from the year 1990 to 2019. Ultimately, 15 randomized controlled trials with a teaching outcome measure analysis were included. Tow authors separately chosen studies, extracted information, and examined the risk of bias. The primary outcomes were examination scores of the students. Secondary outcomes were the degree of satisfaction of the students. Random-effects models were used for the pooled evaluations. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was applied to assess the systematic results. The heterogeneity was determined by I2 statistics, and then was investigated by meta-regression and subgroup analyses. In this review, we screened and included fifteen randomized controlled researches (816 students). The pooled analysis of primary outcomes showed that VR improves test scores comparing with other approaches (standardized mean difference [SMD]= 0.53; 95% CI 0.09–0.97; I2= 87.8%). The high homogeneity indicated that the studies were different from each other. Therefore, we carried out meta-regression as well as subgroup analyses using 7 variables (year, country, learners, course, intervention, comparator, and duration). We found that VR improves postintervention test score of anatomy comparing with other types of teaching methods. Although the findings have high internal validity and limited, because of that anatomy teaching in medical universities appears to becoming a dilemma, VR may act as an efficient way to improve the learners’ level of anatomy knowledge. Future research should assess other factors like degree of satisfaction, cost-effectiveness, and adverse reactions when evaluating the teaching effectiveness of VR in anatomy.

Abstract MP25: Expression Of Urinary Somatic And Soluble N-domain Isoforms Of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme And Association With Different Nutritional Status And Cardiovascular Risk Profile

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayara A Cruz ◽  
Lilian C Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda B Fernandes ◽  
Dulce E Casarini
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Profile ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) plays a dominant role in renal and cardiovascular diseases, obesity and diabetes. The somatic ACE (130-190 kDa) is composed of two homologous N- and C- domains. Two soluble N-domain isoforms have been described in human urine with 65 and 90KDa. Studies have supported that N-domain ACE with 90KDa is a biomarker for hypertension, pre-eclampsia and inflammation. We analyzed the expression of somatic and soluble N-domain ACE isoforms in urine of children and adolescents with different nutritional status and cardiovascular risk profile. The volunteers aged from 6 to 19 years were classified into four groups according to their BMI percentile; underweight (n=51), normal weight (n = 53), overweight (n=53) and obese (n=49). Waist-height-ratio (WHtR) was used to assess cardiovascular risk profile dividing the participants into normal risk (n=105) and high risk (n=101). The urines were concentrated 10-fold and dialyzed with Tris-HCl pH 8 and pure water. Then, we performed western blot analysis using 50μg of lyophilized urinary protein, using the ACE polyclonal antibody Y1. Protein detection was performed by chemiluminescent and analysis in Image Lab software utilizing total protein stain for normalization. ACE expression is augmented in obese children when compared with normal weight children ( 0.09 vs 0.53 arbitrary units, p=0,04 ). The higher cardiovascular risk group also presented increased expression of ACE ( 0.27 vs 0.09 arbitrary units, p=0.046 ). The 90KDa N-domain isoform is frequently found in the high cardiovascular risk children ( p= 0.02 ). According to Spearman correlation test, the expression of 90 kDa N-domain ACE correlates positively with waist circumference, WHtR, BMI percentile and Z-score of BMI. Increased ACE expression in obese children contributes to higher cardiovascular risk once this enzyme biosynthesizes Angiotensin II which promotes blood pressure increase, sympathetic nervous system activation and release of glucocorticoids from adrenal gland. ACE expression is also augmented in children with high cardiovascular risk. Presence of 90 KDa N-domain ACE in urine of children and adolescents is a biomarker of poor prognostic for cardiovascular disease in childhood obesity.

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