Abstract MP30: Longitudinal Tracking of Obesity From Childhood and Adolescence Into Adulthood: The International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin R Ryder ◽  
Alan R Sinaiko ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
Tian Hu ◽  
Trudy Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Obese Adolescent ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All

Obesity in childhood and adolescence tracks into adulthood. However, limited longitudinal data exist on variation in tracking in relation to pediatric development periods, race, and gender. The study objective was to relate adult (age>30) weight status to that in childhood (3-11, mean 8.5 yrs; adult 36.6 yrs; N=4,511) and adolescence (12-17, mean 14 yrs; adult 39.9 yrs; N=7,215) from seven i3C cohorts. Overall tracking of BMI into adulthood was highly significant (p<0.0001) and similar from childhood and adolescence. Almost all obese children (74.3%) and adolescents (81.6%) became obese adults, and few obese children (6.5%) or adolescents (4.2%) became normal-weight adults. Overweight children and adolescents also were more likely to become obese adults (60.7% and 65.2%, respectively), and few became normal weight (11.7% and 6.6%). Normal weight children and adolescents tended to remain normal weight into adulthood (43% and 40.3%), but 22.7% of both normal-weight children and adolescents became obese. Patterns differed by race and gender (both p<0.001). Obese adolescent females had the highest persistence of obesity in adulthood (84.2%), followed by obese adolescent males (79.3%), obese male children (78.1%) and obese female children (70.6%). Normal weight male and female children and adolescents had a similar low prevalence of obesity as adults (22-23%), but females were more likely than males to remain normal weight from childhood (51.2% and 33.1%) and adolescence (48.7% and 30.6%). Tracking by race (see Table) showed that blacks had greater risk of adult obesity regardless of childhood or adolescent weight category. The results show that: 1) almost all obese and most overweight children and adolescents became obese adults; 2) one-fifth of white normal weight children and adolescents became obese adults; 3) even normal weight black children and adolescents are at significant risk of becoming obese adults. These data strongly suggest the need for early intervention to prevent adult obesity-related morbidity.

scholarly journals Beyond-brand effect of television food advertisements on food choice in children: the effects of weight status

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason CG Halford ◽  
Emma J Boyland ◽  
Georgina M Hughes ◽  
Leanne Stacey ◽  
Sarah McKean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Body Mass Index Score ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Brand Effect ◽  
Gender Specific

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of television food advertising on children’s food intake, specifically whether childhood obesity is related to a greater susceptibility to food promotion.DesignThe study was a within-subject, counterbalanced design. The children were tested on two occasions separated by two weeks. One condition involved the children viewing food advertisements followed by a cartoon, in the other condition the children viewed non-food adverts followed by the same cartoon. Following the cartoon, their food intake and choice was assessed in a standard paradigm.SettingThe study was conducted in Liverpool, UK.SubjectsFifty-nine children (32 male, 27 female) aged 9–11 years were recruited from a UK school to participate in the study. Thirty-three children were normal-weight (NW), 15 overweight (OW) and 11 obese (OB).ResultsExposure to food adverts produced substantial and significant increases in energy intake in all children (P < 0·001). The increase in intake was largest in the obese children (P = 0·04). All children increased their consumption of high-fat and/or sweet energy-dense snacks in response to the adverts (P < 0·001). In the food advert condition, total intake and the intake of these specific snack items correlated with the children’s modified age- and gender-specific body mass index score.ConclusionsThese data suggest that obese and overweight children are indeed more responsive to food promotion, which specifically stimulates the intake of energy-dense snacks.

scholarly journals Perceived Difficulty with Physical Tasks, Lifestyle, and Physical Performance in Obese Children

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana Valerio ◽  
Valeria Gallarato ◽  
Osvaldo D’Amico ◽  
Maura Sticco ◽  
Paola Tortorelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Perceived Difficulty ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

We estimated perceived difficulty with physical tasks, lifestyle, and physical performance in 382 children and adolescents (163 obese, 54 overweight, and 165 normal-weight subjects) and the relationship between perceived physical difficulties and sports participation, sedentary behaviors, or physical performance. Perceived difficulty with physical tasks and lifestyle habits was assessed by interview using a structured questionnaire, while physical performance was assessed through the six-minute walking test (6MWT). Obese children had higher perceived difficulty with several activities of daily living, were less engaged in sports, and had lower physical performance than normal-weight or overweight children; on the contrary, they did not differ with regard to time spent in sedentary behaviors. Perceived difficulty in running and hopping negatively predicted sports participation (P<0.05and <0.01, resp.), while perceived difficulty in almost all physical activities negatively predicted the 6MWT, independently of BMI (P<0.01). Our results indicate that perception of task’s difficulty level may reflect an actual difficulty in obese children. These findings may have practical implications for approaching physical activity in obese children. Exploring both the perception of a task’s difficulty level and physical performance may be useful to design exercise programs that allow safe and successful participation.

scholarly journals Cardiopulmonary Capacity in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Grzyb ◽  
Małgorzata Domagalska-Szopa ◽  
Andrzej Siwiec ◽  
Ilona Kwiecień-Czerwieniec ◽  
Andrzej Szopa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Background: One of the objective methods of assessing the level of cardiopulmonary capacity in overweight and obese children and adolescents is cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).Aims: The purpose of present study is an evaluation of aerobic capacity in high body mass index (BMI) children and adolescents by comparing them with a normal weight control group by CPET.Methods and Procedures: The subjects were recruited from participants of the Program of Treatment for Overweight and Obese Children organized by a local pediatric rehabilitation center in Poland. Based on BMI for age and gender, two validation groups were selected: (1) a group of overweight children (n = 49) and (2) a group of obese children (n = 48). The study included also 53 normal weight participants as a reference group (REF). The study consisted of two parts: anthropometric measurements and CPET. The Godfrey protocol for CPET was applied.Outcomes and Results: In this study, obese children and adolescents showed similar absolute VO2peak values in liters per minute (1.64 L/min) compared to overweight children (1.48 L/min), but significantly higher than children with normal body weight (1.39 L/min). The obese children and adolescents presented lower VO2peak in relation to body weight (25.44 ml/kg/min) compared to their peers with normal body weight (36.5 ml/kg/min), and overweight children (29.18 ml/kg/min).Conclusion and Implications: The main finding of our study was recognition of significant differences between cardiopulmonary capacity parameters in obese children in comparison not only to normal weight peers, but to overweight, too.

Overweight or obesity associations with physical aggression in children and adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa K.W. Tso ◽  
Bosco Rowland ◽  
John W. Toumbourou ◽  
Belinda L. Guadagno
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference ◽  
Level Effect ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Being overweight or obese (overweight/obesity) or physically aggressive in childhood and adolescence can have lifelong consequences, hence are important public health problems. Identifying a relationship between these problems would assist in understanding their developmental origins. The present paper sought to review previous studies and use meta-analysis to evaluate whether there is evidence of a relationship between overweight/obesity and physical aggression in children and adolescents. A systematic search of studies that reported the effect of overweight/obesity (in the form of body mass index) on physical aggression was conducted. A total of 23 studies were identified, representing data from 255,377 participants. The results indicate that children and adolescents who are overweight or obese are more physically aggressive than their normal-weight or underweight peers. The average weighted standardized mean difference (the effect size) for aggression in overweight and obese children and adolescents compared to others was found to be 0.27 (95% confidence interval [CI95]: .17–.37), and was significant ( p<.001). Gender sub-analysis indicated that higher physical aggression amongst overweight or obese compared to normal-weight or underweight peers is a slightly larger effect for boys (standardized mean difference of .35, CI95: .18–.52, p<.001) than girls (standardized mean difference of .24, CI95: .07–.42, p<.01). High levels of heterogeneity (94.41%) were found between study-level effect sizes. The developmental processes that may explain the association between overweight/obesity and physical aggression in children and adolescents are discussed.

The effect of intraoperative administration of dexamethasone for PONV prophylaxis on perioperative blood glucose level in obese and normal weight children

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Gnatzy ◽  
Gunther Hempel ◽  
Udo X. Kaisers ◽  
Claudia Höhne
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) can be reduced by dexamethasone. Single-dose administration may cause elevated blood glucose levels in obese adults. No data are available for children.The aim was to evaluate perioperative blood glucose changes related to body weight in children who received dexamethasone.This prospective observational study included 62 children. All patients received total intravenous anesthesia and a single dose of dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg, maximum 8 mg). Blood glucose levels were measured up to 6 h. Standard deviation scores (SDS) were calculated using age- and gender-specific body mass index (BMI) percentiles, p<0.05.A total of 62 children (11.5±2.9 years, median SDS 0.43, 29% overweight/obese) were included. Blood glucose levels increased from 5.52±0.52 to 6.74±0.84 mmol/L 6 h after dexamethasone without correlation to the BMI-SDS.This study showed an increase of perioperative blood glucose (normoglycemic ranges) after single dose of dexamethasone, but no BMI-dependent effect was observed in children. Therefore, low-dose dexamethasone may be used in obese children for PONV prophylaxis.

Relationship between Motor Skill and Body Mass Index in 5- to 10-Year-Old Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva D’Hondt ◽  
Benedicte Deforche ◽  
Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij ◽  
Matthieu Lenoir
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Fine Motor Skill ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
General Motor ◽  
Movement Assessment

The purpose of this study was to investigate gross and fine motor skill in overweight and obese children compared with normal-weight peers. According to international cut-off points for Body Mass Index (BMI) from Cole et al. (2000), all 117 participants (5–10 year) were classified as being normal-weight, overweight, or obese. Level of motor skill was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). Scores for balance (p < .01) and ball skills (p < .05) were significantly better in normal-weight and overweight children as compared with their obese counterparts. A similar trend was found for manual dexterity (p < .10). This study demonstrates that general motor skill level is lower in obese children than in normal-weight and overweight peers.

scholarly journals 520 Weight-based vs. BSA-based Fluid Resuscitation Predictions in Pediatric Burn Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S107-S107
Author(s):  
Jan V Stevens ◽  
Nina Prieto ◽  
Elika Ridelman ◽  
Justin D Klein ◽  
Christina M Shanti
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Fluid Resuscitation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Pediatric Burns ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Parkland Formula ◽  
Total Fluid

Abstract Introduction Current practice for major pediatric burns includes fluid resuscitation using formulas that estimate fluid requirements based on weight and/or body surface area (BSA) along with percent total burn surface area (TBSA). Adult studies have shown that these formulas can cause fluid overload in obese patients and increase risk of complications. These findings have not been validated in pediatric patients. This study aims to evaluate whether a weight-based resuscitation formula increases the risk of complications in obese children following burn injuries and compares fluid estimates to those that incorporate BSA. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 110 children (≤ 18 years old) admitted to an ABA-verified urban pediatric burn center from October 2008 to May 2020. Patients had ≥15% TBSA, were resuscitated with the weight-based Parkland formula, and had fluids titrated to urine output every two hours (1 ml/kg/hr if ≤ 30kg; 0.5 ml/kg/hr if &gt; 30kg). Demographics, burn type, and TBSA were collected on admission. BSA-based Galveston and BSA-incorporated Cincinnati formula resuscitation predictions were also calculated. Output and input volumes were collected at 8h and 24h post-injury. Complications were collected throughout the hospital stay. Patients were classified into CDC-defined weight groups based on percentile ranges. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics version 10.0. Results This study included 11 underweight, 60 normal weight, 18 overweight, and 21 obese children. Our patients had a mean age-based weight CDC percentile of 62.2%, and mean TBSA of 25.4%. Predicted resuscitation volumes increased as CDC percentile increased for all three formulas (p=0.033, 0.092, 0.038), however there were no significant differences between overweight and obese children. Total fluid administered was higher as CDC percentile increased (p=0.023). However, overweight children received more total fluid than obese children. The difference between total fluids given and Galveston predicted resuscitation volumes were significant across all groups (p=0.042); however, the difference using the Parkland and Cincinnati formulas were not statistically significant. There were more children in the normal weight group who developed complications compared to other groups, but these findings were not significant. Conclusions The Parkland formula tended to underpredict fluid needs in the underweight, normal weight, and overweight children, and it overpredicted fluid needs for the obese. Further research is needed to determine the value of weight-based vs BSA-based or incorporated formulas in terms of their risk of complications.

scholarly journals Estimation of percentage of body fat in field studies – a method based on relative elbow breadth (Frame Index) and BMI

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka Mumm ◽  
Anna Reimann ◽  
Christiane Scheffler
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Robusticity

Background Over the last 20 years, a decreasing trend in external skeletal robusticity and an increasing trend in overweight and obesity was observed worldwide in adults and children as modern lifestyles in nutritional and activity behavior have changed. However, body mass index (BMI) as a measure for overweight is not an ideal predictor of % body fat (%BF) either in children and adolescents or in adults. On the contrary, it disguises a phenomenon called “hidden obesity”. Objectives We aim to approximate %BF by combining skeletal robusticity and BMI and develop an estimation-based tool to identify normal weight obese children and adolescents. Sample and Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data on height, weight, elbow breadth, and skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) of German children aged 6 to 18 years (N=15,034). We used modified Hattori charts and multiple linear regression to develop a tool, the “%BF estimator”, to estimate %BF by using BMI and skeletal robusticity measured as Frame Index. Results Independent of sex and age an increase in BMI is associated with an increase in %BF, an increase in Frame Index is associated with a decrease in %BF. The developed tool “%BF estimator” allows the estimation of %BF per sex and age group after calculation of BMI and Frame Index. Conclusion The “%BF estimator” is an easily applicable tool for the estimation of %BF in respect of body composition for clinical practice, screening, and public health research. It is non-invasive and has high accuracy. Further, it allows the identification of normal weight obese children and adolescents.

Abstract MP25: Expression Of Urinary Somatic And Soluble N-domain Isoforms Of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme And Association With Different Nutritional Status And Cardiovascular Risk Profile

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayara A Cruz ◽  
Lilian C Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda B Fernandes ◽  
Dulce E Casarini
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Profile ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) plays a dominant role in renal and cardiovascular diseases, obesity and diabetes. The somatic ACE (130-190 kDa) is composed of two homologous N- and C- domains. Two soluble N-domain isoforms have been described in human urine with 65 and 90KDa. Studies have supported that N-domain ACE with 90KDa is a biomarker for hypertension, pre-eclampsia and inflammation. We analyzed the expression of somatic and soluble N-domain ACE isoforms in urine of children and adolescents with different nutritional status and cardiovascular risk profile. The volunteers aged from 6 to 19 years were classified into four groups according to their BMI percentile; underweight (n=51), normal weight (n = 53), overweight (n=53) and obese (n=49). Waist-height-ratio (WHtR) was used to assess cardiovascular risk profile dividing the participants into normal risk (n=105) and high risk (n=101). The urines were concentrated 10-fold and dialyzed with Tris-HCl pH 8 and pure water. Then, we performed western blot analysis using 50μg of lyophilized urinary protein, using the ACE polyclonal antibody Y1. Protein detection was performed by chemiluminescent and analysis in Image Lab software utilizing total protein stain for normalization. ACE expression is augmented in obese children when compared with normal weight children ( 0.09 vs 0.53 arbitrary units, p=0,04 ). The higher cardiovascular risk group also presented increased expression of ACE ( 0.27 vs 0.09 arbitrary units, p=0.046 ). The 90KDa N-domain isoform is frequently found in the high cardiovascular risk children ( p= 0.02 ). According to Spearman correlation test, the expression of 90 kDa N-domain ACE correlates positively with waist circumference, WHtR, BMI percentile and Z-score of BMI. Increased ACE expression in obese children contributes to higher cardiovascular risk once this enzyme biosynthesizes Angiotensin II which promotes blood pressure increase, sympathetic nervous system activation and release of glucocorticoids from adrenal gland. ACE expression is also augmented in children with high cardiovascular risk. Presence of 90 KDa N-domain ACE in urine of children and adolescents is a biomarker of poor prognostic for cardiovascular disease in childhood obesity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Overweight and Obesity on Plantar Pressure in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6600
Author(s):  
Liliana Catan ◽  
Elena Amaricai ◽  
Roxana Ramona Onofrei ◽  
Calin Marius Popoiu ◽  
Emil Radu Iacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Systems Software ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

We aimed to synthesise the results of previous studies addressing the impact of overweight and obesity on plantar pressure in children and adolescents. An electronic search of scientific literature was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus database, with keywords: “plantar pressure” AND “children” AND “obesity”; “plantar pressure” AND “adolescents” AND “obesity”, “plantar pressure” AND “children” AND “overweight”, “plantar pressure” AND “adolescents” AND “overweight”. Twenty-two articles were included in the review and the following data were recorded: authors, publication year, type of technology (systems, software) for the determination of plantar pressure, study characteristics. Most of the articles used dynamic plantar pressure determination with only four using static plantar pressure measurement. Using ultrasonography with static plantar pressure determination, the correlation between structural and functional changes in the feet of obese children. In overweight and obese children and adolescents, important findings were recorded: higher contact area, increased maximum force beneath the lateral and medial forefoot, increased pressure–time integral beneath the midfoot and 2nd–5th metatarsal regions. Significantly increased foot axis angle and significantly flatter feet were observed in obese subjects in comparison to their normal-weight counterparts. The obese children presented increased midfoot fat pad thickness, with decreased sensitivity of the whole foot and midfoot.

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