The internal and external institutionalization of the BRICS countries: The case of the New Development Bank

2021 ◽  
pp. 019251212110241
Author(s):  
Bas Hooijmaaijers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
New Development ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Internal And External Factors

This article explores and explains the internal and external institutionalization of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries via a case study of the New Development Bank. It contributes to the existing literature on the BRICS and the New Development Bank by identifying internal and external factors of institutionalization and by presenting the most recent developments in the field. The internal and external channels of cooperation complement the traditional one based on hosting annual joint BRICS summits. In 2014, these five countries institutionalized their cooperation with an agreement to establish this Bank. The recently established various New Development Bank regional offices play an essential role in its internal and external institutionalization. The New Development Bank is still very much in development. Nonetheless, the internal and external institutionalization approaches provide useful conceptual lenses to understand BRICS cooperation via the New Development Bank better.

scholarly journals The New Development Bank and Multilateral Trade Facilitation Agreements on BRICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fiyinfoluwa Giwa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
New Development ◽  
The World

Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) have made a tremendous economic impact on the world. Through the New Development Bank (NDB) and the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) by the World Trade Organization, they have become stronger. This article made use of different views to discuss the implication of the NDB and TFA on BRICS. No empirical analysis was carried out. From the viewpoints of other scholars, the Trade Ministers of the BRICS and the World Trade Organization, the NDB and TFA can enhance intellectual and economic growth in the BRICS countries.

The Attraction and Retention of Black Woman Actuaries

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-403
Author(s):  
Lettie Basani Phume ◽  
Anita Bosch
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Actuarial Science ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Attraction And Retention

The STEM disciplines are characterized by a shortage of women and actuarial science is no exception. This phenomenon is even more prevalent where black women are concerned. The purpose of this study was to investigate the internal and external factors that contributed to black women in South Africa choosing mathematics in school and actuarial science at university, and ultimately qualifying and persisting in the field. This multiple case study investigated the experiences of six black women qualified actuaries in South Africa. Narratives and interviews were used to collect data detailing experiences in three phases: choosing mathematics in school, choosing actuarial science at university and persisting with their studies, and persisting in the field. Thematic analysis was conducted. The results indicate that there were multiple external factors that had contributed to their choices, but the greatest determining internal factor was self-efficacy. Aspects that enhance self-efficacy are discussed from which management practice recommendations are made.

scholarly journals The structural power of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) in multilateral development finance: A case study of the New Development Bank

2021 ◽  
pp. 019251212110482
Author(s):  
Niall Duggan ◽  
Juan Carlos Ladines Azalia ◽  
Marek Rewizorski
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
World Order ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Structural Power ◽  
Development Finance ◽  
New Development

The emergence of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) as an alternative force to the West has ignited a debate within the discipline of international political economy on the nature of the group’s rise. Global governance scholars either debate the role of the BRICS in transforming the world order (playing the game) or focus on the domestic sources of the BRICS nations’ preference formation (the position of states within the game). This article goes beyond the game-versus-player debate, by focusing on the structural power of the BRICS to ‘change the rules of the game’. The article investigates how the BRICS-created New Development Bank as an alternative circuit for actors to exchange goods in the area of development finance has been integrated into global governance. The article argues that the New Development Bank does not grant the BRICS the structural power needed to change the rules and norms that underpin the game.

Role of New Development Bank and Food Security in the BRICS Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
Pintu Kumar ◽  
Prahlad Kumar Bairwa
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
New Development

STRATEGI MENINGKATKAN LOYALITAS KONSUMEN MAKANAN KHAS KOTA CURUP KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onsardi Onsardi
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Typical Food ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The title of this study is the Strategy of Increasing Consumer Food Loyalty in CurupCity, Rejang Lebong Regency (Case Study in "Henvian" Typical Food Industry). Thisresearch is based on the importance of strategies in increasing business and consumerloyalty to products sold.Strategies to increase business and consumer loyalty can bedone with a SWOT analysis. Place of this research is the "Henvian" shop that sellstypical Rejang lebong food. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative.Informants in this study were people who were considered to know for certain about theHENVIAN Specialty Food Store in Curup City, Rejang Lebong Regency. The dataanalysis technique used in this study is a SWOT analysis to determine the strengths,weaknesses, opportunities and threats in a typical Rejang Lebong food business.By using SWOT analysis techniques that consist of strengths (weakness), weaknesses(weakness), opportunities (opportnity) and threats (threath). The results of this studycan be concluded that the internal factors that are the strength of the marketing strategyare the quality of the product that is good at a price affordable to the public andtourists, service that is friendly and responsive to consumer needs, as well astechnological advancements that facilitate the promotion of business. Internal factorsthat are a weakness are often lack of stock, there are some products that do not meet thestandard packaging, the product shelf life is short, employees do not use uniforms.External factors that become opportunities are a fairly high economic community,abundant raw materials while external factors that are a threat are the manycompetitors, an unstable economy, the price of basic needs increases. Based on theresults of the SWOT analysis of internal and external factors, the strategy used is toimprove product quality by improving the appearance of packaging and quality ofcontent and quality of service by providing uniforms to employees and providingstandards of service to consumers. .Keywords: Strategy, Consumer Loyalty, SWOT

Alternative Financial Integration to Stimulate National Competitiveness

2018 ◽  
pp. 162-179
Author(s):  
Tatiana Podolskaya
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Development Bank ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
New Development ◽  
Potential Competitor

The BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) actively joined in process of transformation of institutes of global financial market's management, having created New Development Bank. This institute according to most of analysts can be considered as potential competitor of the World Bank and as one of elements of so-called system of “parallel institutes”, which as required can become replacement American-centered system of international financial institutions. Progress of newly created New Development Bank in- much will depend on that economic power which will characterize BRICS economies. And a key condition of long-term stable economic growth is availability of global advantages of the BRICS countries. This article is devoted to the analysis of changes BRICS global competitiveness factors.

Who Rides the High Speed Rail in the United States: The Acela Express Case Study

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
The United States ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Least Square ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
Internal And External Factors

In this study, we focus on the Acela Express, and try to find out how selected internal and external factors affect the Acela Express’s ridership. A two-stage least square regression model is introduced in order to eliminate the endogeneity problem caused by price and ridership. Also the Cochrane-Orcutt Procedure is adopted to solve autocorrelation. The result shows that ticket price and train on-time performances, which are used to being thought as important factors affect ridership become insignificant, while other factors like employment of business and professional in the Northeast Corridor areas have higher influence on high speed train ridership. The broader objective of this research is to provide policy suggestions for building of an efficient high-speed rail network that can both be profitable and solve practical problems that the contemporary transportation system faces.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SWOT DAYA SAING SEKOLAH: STUDI KASUS DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN NEGERI 1 PASIR PENYU INDRAGIRI HULU, RIAU

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Rini Setyaningsih ◽  
Herlin Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Internal And External Factors

SCHOOL COMPETITIVENESS SWOT ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY IN SMKN 1 PASIR PENYU INDRAGIRI HULU,  RIAUOne of the characteristics to see the competitiveness of a school is its accreditation ranking. Schools that have been accredited A can be said to have a great opportunity in developing effective strategies to improve competitiveness. The purpose of this study was to determine the strategic position of SMK N 1 Pasir Penyu with SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats). All data were found by researchers through interviews, literature studies, observations, and documents, and questionnaires. Analysis of the data the researcher did was IFAS and EFAS, then SWOT analysis to find out some internal and external factors and to identify a strategic position of SMK N 1 Pasir Penyu. The results of this study indicate that SMK N 1 Pasir Penyu is located in quadrant I position (Aggressive), which means that SMK N 1 Pasir Penyu is in the survival stage. Researcher's suggestion for SMK N 1 Pasir Penyu is to be able to fix several internal weaknesses. To be able to avoid and reduce the threat of competition between schools, SMK 1 Pasir Penyu can create a unique competition as a differentiator between similar schools.

scholarly journals Nigeria - South Africa Rivalry in Quest for Regional Power Status: from Material Potential to UN Security Council Membership

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Ikponmwonsa Omoruyi ◽  
Stephen Osaherumwen Idahosa ◽  
Mahamat Mugadam Mugadam ◽  
Oumar Sidibe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Security Council ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Regional Role ◽  
Pan Africanism ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The Common ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Regional Agenda

The paper explores the role and the power potential of Nigeria and South Africa with special attention to their comparatively high military, economic, political capabilities that enable them to shape and dominate regional agenda. It also analyses the internal, regional and external dynamics within Africa, particularly in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and Southern African Development Community (SADC). The paper further thoroughly examines the hegemonic contest for the UN Security Council membership among the dominant African states through the lens of Ezulwini Consensus, as well as the Pan-African credentials of Nigeria and South Africa in accordance to their contribution to ensuring peace, stability and development on continental and sub-regional levels. Nigeria and South Africa are the most important actors on the African continent, but there are obvious constraints undermining their ability to play an effective regional role. Thus, the research was guided by the comparison case-study of Nigeria and South Africa in crucial for understanding power potential areas. The study concludes that although Pan-Africanism stands of Nigeria and South Africa are commendable, both powers mostly follow this strategy for advancing their national interests. Taking into account the whole set of internal and external factors, both countries need to unite their efforts and practical strategies to advance the common goal of Africa development, peace and security.

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