International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Dog

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-109
Author(s):  
Jochen Woicke ◽  
Muthafar M. Al-Haddawi ◽  
Jean-Guy Bienvenu ◽  
Jessica M. Caverly Rae ◽  
Franck J. Chanut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Common Language ◽  
International Harmonization ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Safety Studies

The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions) Project ( www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp ) is a joint initiative of the societies of toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying lesions observed in most tissues and organs from the dog used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet ( http://www.goreni.org/ ). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous lesions, lesions induced by exposure to test materials, and relevant infectious and parasitic lesions. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.

International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Minipig

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-228
Author(s):  
Mikala Skydsgaard ◽  
Zuhal Dincer ◽  
Wanda M. Haschek ◽  
Kris Helke ◽  
Binod Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Common Language ◽  
International Harmonization ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Safety Studies

The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions) Project ( www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp ) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in most tissues and organs from the minipig used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet ( http://www.goreni.org/ ). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. Relevant infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.

scholarly journals Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Hematolymphoid System

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Willard-Mack ◽  
Susan A. Elmore ◽  
William C. Hall ◽  
Johannes Harleman ◽  
C. Frieke Kuper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
The World ◽  
Tertiary Lymphoid Structures ◽  
Lymphoid Structures ◽  
Rats And Mice

The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative changes in rats and mice. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying changes observed in the hematolymphoid organs, including the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, and other lymphoid tissues (serosa-associated lymphoid clusters and tertiary lymphoid structures) with color photomicrographs illustrating examples of the lesions. Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. The nomenclature for these organs is divided into 3 terminologies: descriptive, conventional, and enhanced. Three terms are listed for each diagnosis. The rationale for this approach and guidance for its application to toxicologic pathology are described in detail below.

Extending the Campus: Al-Musharaka and Technology-Assisted Collaboration

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
Michael A. Toler
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Mouse Button ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
News Broadcasts ◽  
International Borders ◽  
The World

As a scholar of North Africa and the Middle East, I get very excited about the possibilities internet technologies open up for me and other scholars who are concerned with regions of the globe outside our national borders. The internet brings a wealth of information to my computer on a daily basis. It is true that in the early years of its development the overwhelming majority of content on the internet was American and in English, but as the rest of the world has come online in greater numbers, the internet has increasingly allowed us to transcend international borders. To cite just one example, for decades English was overwhelmingly the language of the internet. While English remains the most common language on the web, it is no longer the majority language. For several years now, there has been more non-English content on the internet than content in English. I can now read newspapers and listen to news broadcasts from North Africa at the click of a mouse button. I can even communicate easily with colleagues overseas via email, chat or, increasingly, voice over IP at very little cost.

scholarly journals Regionality – Language – Internet

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Mária Pásztor-Kicsi
Keyword(s):  
Strong Influence ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Global Village ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Regional Cultures

Abstract The Internet has a strong influence on our daily communication and language use. Its continuous growing makes us face the world characterized by networks of connections that span multi-continental distances. The metaphor of global village seems to be not merely a futuristic theory, but pure reality. People can communicate worldwide with each other, reach all kinds of information to get up-to-date, as long as they respect the basic demand of globalization, which means the use of a common language (i.e. English). But this tendency hides a serious issue if we try to observe globalization from the aspect of local and regional cultures and languages, especially those in minority position. The study deals with the language use of the Hungarian minority in Vojvodina, with special focus on Netspeak and the regional features of language forms used on the Internet. It also analyses the attitudes of a group of students towards the influence of the Internet on speech and language. This part of the survey is based on questionnaires.

scholarly journals Poverty and the media : mainstream newspaper coverage of anti-poverty activism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Butler
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
North America ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
First Century ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Mass Media

In the twenty-first century, the mass media is increasingly seen as having a very pervasive influence: the extent and reach if it simply cannot be ignored. In communities large and small, and in countries all over the world, the mass media has the ability to set agendas and influence public opinion. In North America, the mass media is particularly ubiquitous; from television, to the internet, to newspapers, it has become difficult to avoid mass media products.

Multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Gulowsen Celius
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Over Time

This chapter describes the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and shows the uneven distribution across the world. Despite differences in diagnostic criteria over time and considerable variation in methodology the prevalence is higher in northern Europe, the northern part of North America, Australia, and New Zealand compared to the rest of the world. There is an unexplained increase in both incidence and prevalence across the world. The increased life expectancy correlates with the general increase in life expectancy and is so far neither explained by better diagnostics nor new treatments. Epidemiological studies are essential for our understanding of disease susceptibility and progression, and essential for planning of healthcare. Future studies should be large, methodologically sound, and comparable to enable comparisons across countries and regions.

The gambling industry: global structures and modern trends

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Pekka Sulkunen ◽  
Thomas F. Babor ◽  
Jenny Cisneros Örnberg ◽  
Michael Egerer ◽  
Matilda Hellman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Gambling Industry ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Transactions ◽  
Gambling Expenditures ◽  
Different Parts

This chapter describes the growth of the global gambling industry in terms of its volume, structure, and the distribution of different types of games in different parts of the world over the past 50 years, especially in the first two decades of the twenty-first century. Globalization of the market through the internet threatens the ability of governments to tax or otherwise harvest revenue from gambling. However, liberalizing regulations on gambling started in many countries before the internet became a relevant medium. Fiscal motives and ideological reasons probably explain the liberalizing trend because it started at the same time that deregulation of financial markets affected the supply of credit and boosted digital transactions. Growth in gambling markets has been greatest in North America, Asia , and Europe. Countries with high overall gambling expenditures tend to spend proportionately larger amounts in casinos and on gambling machines outside casinos.

scholarly journals Working Hours of the World Unite? New International Evidence of Worktime, 1870–1913

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 964-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL HUBERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
North America ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Race To The Top ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Race To The Bottom ◽  
International Evidence ◽  
Work Routines ◽  
The World

This article constructs new measures of worktime for Europe, North America, and Australia, 1870–1913. Great Britain began with the shortest work year and Belgium the longest. By 1913 certain continental countries approached British worktimes, and, consistent with recent findings on real wages, annual hours in Old and New Worlds had converged. Although globalization did not lead to a race to the bottom of worktimes, there is only partial evidence of a race to the top. National work routines, the outcome of different legal, labor, and political histories, mediated relations between hours and income.

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