scholarly journals Managerial Ethical Behaviour: Results of a Comparative Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanika T Bhal ◽  
Poonam Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethic ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Indian Context

Issue connected with business ethic s have recently acquired prominence in the global scenario in general and in the Indian context in particular but there are hardly any studies that delve into the issues of ethical behaviour in Indian organizations. The situational approach in ethics places heavy emphasis on the role of external environment/culture of an organization in ethical behaviour of the individuals. In line with this argument, die present study focuses on ethical behaviour of managers in public and private Vector organizations. Responses of 319 managers reveal that there are some differences in the nature of decisions (ethical or unethical) that the managers make in these two types of organizations. Results are analysed for the design of control systems in these two types of organizations.

scholarly journals The Role of Proteases in the Virulence of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donata Figaj ◽  
Patrycja Ambroziak ◽  
Tomasz Przepiora ◽  
Joanna Skorko-Glonek
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

A pathogenic lifestyle is inextricably linked with the constant necessity of facing various challenges exerted by the external environment (both within and outside the host). To successfully colonize the host and establish infection, pathogens have evolved sophisticated systems to combat the host defense mechanisms and also to be able to withstand adverse environmental conditions. Proteases, as crucial components of these systems, are involved in a variety of processes associated with infection. In phytopathogenic bacteria, they play important regulatory roles and modulate the expression and functioning of various virulence factors. Secretory proteases directly help avoid recognition by the plant immune systems, and contribute to the deactivation of the defense response pathways. Finally, proteases are important components of protein quality control systems, and thus enable maintaining homeostasis in stressed bacterial cells. In this review, we discuss the known protease functions and protease-regulated signaling processes associated with virulence of plant pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals The SIJORI Growth Triangle: Progress, Problems and Prospect

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Xu Xiaodong
Keyword(s):  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Administrative Institution ◽  
Regional Economic Performance ◽  
External Stimuli

The Singapore-Johor-Riau Growth Triangle established in the late 1980s is the first regional cooperation framework in Southeast Asia. However, such a promising framework ran into a dilemma after ten years of development. Main factors accounting for its unanticipated limited progress include uneven regional economic performance, divergent individual interests at all levels, rising social problems, and uncertain external environment. A thorough review of the growth triangle with special attention on the progress as well as the issues be inspiring for the further promotion of the regional cooperation, which requires dynamics both internal and external. The first category of dynamics includes the design of a unified administrative institution, coordination between public and private sectors, more liberal policies, the proper understanding of social and knowledgeable elements, the role of overseas Chinese and the utilization of historical legacies. The other category mainly underlines utilizing external stimuli outside the region, especially China’s Maritime Silk Road Initiative (MSRI).

Privatization is one of the main tools for changing the role of the state in the economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Bakhytgul Khambar ◽  
Bakhytgul Chereyeva
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Privatization Process ◽  
Second Wave

This paper examines privatization as one of the effective tools for increasing the share of the private sector in the economy. The authors analyzed the progress of the second wave of privatization in Kazakhstan, as well as the advantages and risks of privatization. On the basis of the analysis, it was concluded that the privatization process also affects the improvement of the activities of private companies. The authors note that for many companies, even preparation for sale contributes to optimization, development of management and internal control systems, analysis of the internal and external environment. At the same time, in connection with the current pandemic crisis, the authors propose to revise the measures related to privatization and postpone it for at least 2 years.

Provision of Remedies for Violation of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: A Comparative Study of the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-318
Author(s):  
Roman Girma Teshome
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Regional Monitoring ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
To Receive

The effectiveness of human rights adjudicative procedures partly, if not most importantly, hinges upon the adequacy of the remedies they grant and the implementation of those remedies. This assertion also holds water with regard to the international and regional monitoring bodies established to receive individual complaints related to economic, social and cultural rights (hereinafter ‘ESC rights’ or ‘socio-economic rights’). Remedies can serve two major functions: they are meant, first, to rectify the pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage sustained by the particular victim, and second, to resolve systematic problems existing in the state machinery in order to ensure the non-repetition of the act. Hence, the role of remedies is not confined to correcting the past but also shaping the future by providing reforming measures a state has to undertake. The adequacy of remedies awarded by international and regional human rights bodies is also assessed based on these two benchmarks. The present article examines these issues in relation to individual complaint procedures that deal with the violation of ESC rights, with particular reference to the case laws of the three jurisdictions selected for this work, i.e. the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems.

cAbdullah Yūsuf cAlī & Muhammad Asad: Two Approaches to the English Translation of the Qur'an

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzaffar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
British India ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Political Milieu ◽  
The Times

This article attempts to present a comparative study of the role of two twentieth-century English translations of the Qur'an: cAbdullah Yūsuf cAlī's The Meaning of the Glorious Qur'ān and Muḥammad Asad's The Message of the Qur'ān. No two men could have been more different in their background, social and political milieu and life experiences than Yūsuf cAlī and Asad. Yūsuf 'Alī was born and raised in British India and had a brilliant but traditional middle-class academic career. Asad traversed a vast cultural and geographical terrain: from a highly-disciplined childhood in Europe to the deserts of Arabia. Both men lived ‘intensely’ and with deep spiritual yearning. At some time in each of their lives they decided to embark upon the translation of the Qur'an. Their efforts have provided us with two incredibly rich monumental works, which both reflect their own unique approaches and the effects of the times and circumstances in which they lived. A comparative study of these two translations can provide rich insights into the exegesis and the phenomenon of human understanding of the divine text.

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