scholarly journals Generation of Low-Frequency Ground Vibrations by Sound Waves Propagating in Underground Gas Pipes

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Krylov

The hypothesis is examined about sources of disturbing low-frequency hums arising from buried gas or petrol pipes in which turbulent flows of gas or liquid generate sound waves of high amplitude propagating in pipe-lines as in waveguides. Theoretical investigation of this problem shows that if the velocities of sound inside the pipes (450 m/s for methane) are higher than the velocities of Rayleigh surface waves in the ground (typically 300–600 m/s) then ground Rayleigh waves are effectively generated by sound waves propagating inside the pipes, the mechanism of generation being similar to that of sonic boom from supersonic jets. The Rayleigh waves then propagate to buildings and cause building vibration and structure-borne noise. Central frequencies of generated Rayleigh wave spectra are in the range of 5–20 Hz and depend on pipe-depth. The amplitudes of ground vibration velocity may achieve 70 dB (relative to 10−9 m/s). This is quite enough to annoy some people both due to the direct impact of vibrations and to structure-borne noise. The results obtained may contribute to a fuller understanding of the nature of low-frequency hums.

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 2586-2590
Author(s):  
Zhao Bo Meng ◽  
Shi Cai Cui ◽  
Teng Fei Zhao ◽  
Liu Qin Jin

According to measured shear wave velocity of Xi’an Bell Tower area (Loess Area), the dynamic parameters of site soil are determined by using the relationship between shear wave velocity and compression wave velocity. Using Matlab program, the finite element size for low frequency subway vibration is obtained by analyzing soil dispersion phenomenon. On this basis, two-dimensional model with viscous - elastic boundaries is established by using the ANSYS program. The load-time history of the train is applied to the right tunnel, and the effects of the depth and breadth of the different models on the ground vibration velocity are discussed. Finally, the dimensions and element sizes of finite element model are obtained for the Xi'an No. 2 Metro Line with 15m depth in the loess regions.


Author(s):  
V.V. Krylov

In the present work, the ground vibrations generated by underground trains are investigated theoretically in the low-frequency approximation, i.e. for characteristic wave-lengths of generated bulk acoustic waves in the ground being essentially larger than the diameter of the tunnel. The Green's function formalism is applied to calculate contributions of all sleepers of the track located inside the tunnel and subjected to the action of a quasi-static pressure from all wheel axles. Parameters of a train, track and a tunnel as well as mechanical properties of soil (including contact nonlinearity of the track-soil system) are being taken into account. The corresponding numerical calculations show that for most of the practical values of a tunnel depth, the main contribution to the vertical component of the surface ground vibration velocity is due to the radiated shear bulk waves rather than to the longitudinal ones. Comparison of the ground vibration spectra generated by typical underground trains with the spectra of the above-ground trains shows that the shapes of these spectra are similar. This implies that one can use for underground trains the same methods of suppressing ground vibrations at speed-dependent frequencies that can be used for above-ground trains, e.g., by choosing special relations between the track and train parameters.


1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Krylov

Generation of low-frequency ground vibrations by heavy lorries is considered theoretically for both vehicles accelerating (decelerating) with a constant acceleration and vehicles travelling at constant speed on damaged or bumpy surfaces. In the case of damaged or bumpy surfaces, excitation of axle-hop resonances is taken into account, whereas an accelerating or braking vehicle is modelled as a point horizontal traction force applied to the ground and moving along with the vehicle. Frequency spectra of the vertical component of the ground vibration velocity are investigated for different functions of road surface roughness, acceleration, final (initial) speed of the vehicle, ground attenuation, Poisson's ratio, and radiation angle relative to the direction of the vehicle movement. It is shown that damaged or bumpy road surfaces normally generate vibrations of higher amplitudes, in comparison with accelerating and braking lorries. In contrast to vehicles travelling along bumpy or uneven roads and generating vibrations propagating at all directions, the ground vibrations generated by accelerating and braking vehicles are characterised by the directivity function showing that there is no radiation in the direction perpendicular to the vehicle movement.


2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Eduardo Soares Ferreira ◽  
Milton José Porsani ◽  
Michelângelo G. Da Silva ◽  
Giovani Lopes Vasconcelos

ABSTRACT. Seismic processing aims to provide an adequate image of the subsurface geology. During seismic processing, the filtering of signals considered noise is of utmost importance. Among these signals is the surface rolling noise, better known as ground-roll. Ground-roll occurs mainly in land seismic data, masking reflections, and this roll has the following main features: high amplitude, low frequency and low speed. The attenuation of this noise is generally performed through so-called conventional methods using 1-D or 2-D frequency filters in the fk domain. This study uses the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method for ground-roll attenuation. The EMD method was implemented in the programming language FORTRAN 90 and applied in the time and frequency domains. The application of this method to the processing of land seismic line 204-RL-247 in Tacutu Basin resulted in stacked seismic sections that were of similar or sometimes better quality compared with those obtained using the fk and high-pass filtering methods.Keywords: seismic processing, empirical mode decomposition, seismic data filtering, ground-roll. RESUMO. O processamento sísmico tem como principal objetivo fornecer uma imagem adequada da geologia da subsuperfície. Nas etapas do processamento sísmico a filtragem de sinais considerados como ruídos é de fundamental importância. Dentre esses ruídos encontramos o ruído de rolamento superficial, mais conhecido como ground-roll . O ground-roll ocorre principalmente em dados sísmicos terrestres, mascarando as reflexões e possui como principais características: alta amplitude, baixa frequência e baixa velocidade. A atenuação desse ruído é geralmente realizada através de métodos de filtragem ditos convencionais, que utilizam filtros de frequência 1D ou filtro 2D no domínio fk. Este trabalho utiliza o método de Decomposição em Modos Empíricos (DME) para a atenuação do ground-roll. O método DME foi implementado em linguagem de programação FORTRAN 90, e foi aplicado no domínio do tempo e da frequência. Sua aplicação no processamento da linha sísmica terrestre 204-RL-247 da Bacia do Tacutu gerou como resultados, seções sísmicas empilhadas de qualidade semelhante e por vezes melhor, quando comparadas as obtidas com os métodos de filtragem fk e passa-alta.Palavras-chave: processamento sísmico, decomposição em modos empíricos, filtragem dados sísmicos, atenuação do ground-roll.


Author(s):  
Niichi Nishiwaki ◽  
Noboru Fujio ◽  
Takuji Mori

People living in houses near a big factory complained about chattering of glass windows. At one of these houses, the SPL of low frequency noise was about 66 dB at 5.5 Hz and ground acceleration level was about 40 dB at 9 Hz in the horizontal direction. (0 dB acceleration = 10−5 m/s2). We found that the noise and ground vibration were caused by a big grinding mill in the factory, because both SPL and acceleration level at the residential district were considerably decreased when the mill was not in operation. We also confirmed that low frequency noise was not transmitted from the grinding mill directly, but was due to the resonant vibration of walls of the factory building. Two ideas are studied here to suppress the noise, one of which is to isolate the vibration of the grinding mill at its foundation, and the other is to improve the stiffness of the building frames to stop the wall vibration. As a result of the study, the latter method to increase the stiffness of the building was adopted. The SPL of low frequency noise near the wall was decreased.


Author(s):  
Patrick Stahl ◽  
G. Nakhaie Jazar

Non-smooth piecewise functional isolators are smart passive vibration isolators that can provide effective isolation for high frequency/low amplitude excitation by introducing a soft primary suspension, and by preventing a high relative displacement in low frequency/high amplitude excitation by introducing a relatively damped secondary suspension. In this investigation a linear secondary suspension is attached to a nonlinear primary suspension. The primary is assumed to be nonlinear to model the inherent nonlinearities involved in real suspensions. However, the secondary suspension comes into action only during a short period of time, and in mall domain around resonance. Therefore, a linear assumption for the secondary suspension is reasonable. The dynamic behavior of the system subject to a harmonic base excitation has been analyzed utilizing the analytic results derived by applying the averaging method. The analytic results match very well in the transition between the two suspensions. A sensitivity analysis has shown the effect of varying dynamic parameters in the steady state behavior of the system.


2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiran Ghosh ◽  
Biplab Maity ◽  
Swarup Poria

The dynamical behaviour of weakly nonlinear, low-frequency sound waves are investigated in a plasma composed of only positive and negative ions incorporating the effects of a weak external uniform magnetic field. In the plasma model the mass (temperature) of the positive ions is smaller (larger) than that of the negative ions. The dynamics of the nonlinear wave is shown to be governed by a novel nonlinear equation. The stationary plane wave (analytical and numerical) nonlinear analysis on the basis of experimental parameters reveals that the nonlinear wave does have quasi-periodic and chaotic solutions. The Poincarè return map analysis confirms these observed complex structures.


Author(s):  
Vinayaravi R ◽  
Jayaraj Kochupillai ◽  
Kumaresan D ◽  
Asraff A. K

Abstract The objective of this paper is to investigate how higher damping is achieved by energy dissipation as high-frequency vibration due to the addition of impact mass. In an impact damper system, collision between primary and impact masses cause an exchange of momentum resulting in dissipation of energy. A numerical model is developed to study the dynamic behaviour of an impact damper system using a MDOF system with Augmented Lagrangian Multiplier contact algorithm. Mathematical modelling and numerical simulations are carried out using ANSYS FEA package. Studies are carried out for various mass ratios subjecting the system to low-frequency high amplitude excitation. Time responses obtained from numerical simulations at fundamental mode when the system is excited in the vicinity of its fundamental frequency are validated by comparing with experimental results. Magnification factor evaluated from numerical simulation results is comparable with those obtained from experimental data. The transient response obtained from numerical simulations is used to study the behaviour of first three modes of the system excited in vicinity of its fundamental frequency. It is inferred that dissipation of energy is a main reason for achieving higher damping for an impact damper system in addition to being transformed to heat, sound, and/or those required to deform a body.


Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Lu ◽  
Yu Lan ◽  
Rongzhen Guo ◽  
Qicheng Zhang ◽  
Shichang Li ◽  
...  

A spiral sound wave transducer comprised of longitudinal vibrating elements has been proposed. This transducer was made from eight uniform radial distributed longitudinal vibrating elements, which could effectively generate low frequency underwater acoustic spiral waves. We discuss the production theory of spiral sound waves, which could be synthesized by two orthogonal acoustic dipoles with a phase difference of 90 degrees. The excitation voltage distribution of the transducer for emitting a spiral sound wave and the measurement method for the transducer is given. Three-dimensional finite element modeling (FEM)of the transducer was established for simulating the vibration modes and the acoustic characteristics of the transducers. Further, we fabricated a spiral sound wave transducer based on our design and simulations. It was found that the resonance frequency of the transducer was 10.8 kHz and that the transmitting voltage resonance was 140.5 dB. The underwater sound field measurements demonstrate that our designed transducer based on the longitudinal elements could successfully generate spiral sound waves.


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