scholarly journals Back to the future? The long view of probation and sentencing

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Raynor
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

This article reviews the history of the probation service’s contribution to sentencing and revisits the changing theories and understandings that have influenced this role at different times. Through most of its history probation was seen as an alternative to punishment and required the consent of the probationer. Since the 1990s these fundamental assumptions have been changing, and the article explores some of the social and political context of these changes. It argues (with the help of John Augustus, Charles Dickens and others) that the probation service’s input of social information into sentencing has been a contribution to social justice, but recent changes in the reporting role have made this much more difficult. Finally, some suggestions are made about how probation’s traditional input into sentencing might be restored.

scholarly journals Landmarks in the Evolution of the Main Types of Banking Operations of Albina in Sibiu 1872-1946. I

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-104
Author(s):  
Vasile Dobrescu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Extended Study ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Focus

Abstract The 75 years history of Albina Bank reflects in its main characteristics that particularize it in the modern banking system the forms and crediting policies present in its statutes. The initial focus of the Albina Bank board was to activate a diverse palate of credit activities – in the first statute of the bank we can find no less than 15 types of loans. Few were actually accommodated, according to the possibilities of financing and also related to the social and economic background of the future debtors that came, the majority until 1918 from the rural areas. More so, the bank took into account the economic, financial and political context where the Romanian elite from Transylvania activated. Thus, in the first period of activity of the Albina bank its board will activate the most mobile types of crediting (credit of input and lending with public collaterals) wanting to increase the funding sources which are the main focus on the first part on an extended study.

scholarly journals A Man and a Law at the first Tird of the 12th century

2021 ◽  
pp. 282-298
Author(s):  
Mikhail B. Sverdlov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Social Content ◽  
Legal Policy ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The author studies the history of the judicial natural and money forfeit for the criminal offence, moral and social content of this criminal offence in the late tribal Slavic society and in early medieval Russian state the context of the history of the Pravda Russkaya’s content. He analyzes the content of the social and legal policy during the rule of Grand Prince Vladimir Monomakh in Kiev or the rule of his son Mstislav. Probably at that time the Vast Pravda Russkaya was issued. It made judicial rights secured of all social strata including women, children, poor men on the principles of social justice and the Evangel. It kept old human tradition of the money forfeit for a crime instead of to cut off any limb or to execute as in Byzantine and in medieval vest European countries.

scholarly journals Affirmative Action for Minorities in India: Constraints and Possibilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Mohd. Sanjeer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

India is one of the most socially fragmented and unequal societies of the world. At the same time, it has the distinction of having the longest history of most elaborative affirmative action programmes for alleviating socially structured inequalities. While the affirmative action programmes have wider coverage in terms of social groups, there is continuing demand by new social groups for getting acknowledged as ‘disadvantaged’ and inclusion in the system of affirmative action. While group based ‘reservation’ as the most vital instrument of social justice has long been under fire and grappling with several challenges, the social justice regime is faced with the charge that it has largely excluded nation’s religious minorities. Of course, religion based affirmative action is faced with many constraints; nevertheless there are possibilities for it. This article discusses the constraints and possibilities of affirmative action for disadvantaged religious minorities, Muslims in particular.  

The social context of iron forging on the Kenya coast

Africa ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chapurukha M. Kusimba
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Power ◽  
High Status ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ambiguous Position

Ironsmiths occupy an important yet ambiguous position in many African societies. They are both revered and feared, because they wield social power which arises from their access to occult knowledge, not only of metallurgy but of healing, divination, circumcision and peacemaking. In some societies smiths enjoy high status and are the wealthiest people. In others they are feared, covertly maligned, and blamed for societal misfortunes. In still others the smiths' position is often marginal except when they are needed to intercede on their society's behalf to solve natural or cultural predicaments. The forge or smithy plays a central role in the community as tool-making centre, a place of refuge from violence, of purification, and for healing. This article examines the social context of iron forging among the ironsmiths of the Kenya coast, focusing on the role of iron forging in the coastal economy, the forge, the smiths' life cycle, the institution of apprenticeship, the ritual and technical power of smiths, the role of women in the smiths' community, and the future of iron forging on the coast. It is argued that, while coastal smiths are marginal and despised, they hold important ritual and spiritual powers in coastal society. The article concludes that a detailed understanding of the traditional crafts historically practised on the coast can do much to illuminate the complex history of coastal society.

Het uiteenvallen van de Volksunie en het ontstaan van de N-VA en Spirit : Een chronologisch en morfologisch overzicht (juni 1999 - juli 2002)

Res Publica ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 397-471
Author(s):  
Jo Noppe ◽  
Bram Wauters
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
First Year ◽  
Party Member ◽  
New Parties ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Nationalist Party ◽  
The Social ◽  
Morphological Picture ◽  
The Future ◽  
Party Members

At the Belgian parliamentary elections in June 1999, the Flemish nationalist party 'Volksunie' (VU) which formed an alliance with the social-liberal ID21 progressed slightly.  On July 10, 1999, the party decided to participate in the purple-green-yellow Flemish government, but at the same time they decided to stay out of the federal Belgian government. Two years later, the VU-Party Bureau decided that due to deep divisions within the party it had become impossible for the party to continue. The 15.000 party members were asked to judge about the future of the party. Because no party project managed to obtain a 50 %-majority in the party member referendum, the VU dissappeared. Two new parties - the 'Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie' (N-VA) and 'Spirit' - emerged from the ruins of the VU.  The collapse of the VU can be seen as the most far-reaching change in the Flemish party political context of the last decade.  This article focusses on the last two and a half years of the VU and on the first year of the N-VA and Spirit (from June 1999 until July 2002). In a first part, achronological overview is build up. This part provides an overview «from day to day» of the events that played a role in the collapse of the VU and the creation of the N-VA and Spirit. The second part of the article draws amore morphological picture of the VU, the N-VA and Spirit: data are presented about the internal organisation of these parties (info about party meetings, the composition and competences of the leading party structures, internal elections, party mandates, the party employees and numbers of party members). By offering an extensive overview of facts and figures, it is the intention of the authors to provide a solid guidelinefor further investigation.

Understanding Empathy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changming Duan ◽  
Kristen Sager
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Societal Health

Empathy, one of the most studied and most multidisciplinary theoretical constructs, has garnered the attention of scholars from psychology as well as the social and biological sciences. The scholarship of empathy has developed significantly in the past century, with the most notable knowledge emerging in the areas of the neuroscience of empathy and the interplay between race/culture and empathy in recent decades. The positive psychology of empathy also continues to occupy researchers, as the links between empathy and individual and societal health abound. Future empathy research by socially and scholastically responsible scientists must overcome a long history of Euro-ethnocentric biases and integrate social justice into the understanding of this important construct. The scholarship and application of empathy will continue to be an important source of positivity for humans and for society as a whole.

Concern with Theory in Correctional Evaluation Research

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Theory ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future

If correctional evaluation research is to contribute to the accumulation of practical knowledge, it should be designed to test abstract behavioral science principles that explain why a particular type of program should change the future conduct of a specific category of clientele. Focus on such theory leads to nontraditional types of sampling, designed to apply principles to only those cases for which they are relevant rather than to whatever mix one happens to encounter at a particular setting at one moment in its history. In addition, organizational theory must be applied and tested to see whether—in the social, psychological, and political context where a program is studied—the clients have the experience that the behavioral science theory assumes the program is giving them.

scholarly journals Becoming Teachers’ Little Epics: What digital storytelling might reveal

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Radford ◽  
Avril Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Digital Storytelling ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Future Teacher ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
Critical Moments

This paper discusses pre-service teachers’ use of multi-modal tools to produce three-minute films in light of critical moments in their teaching practice. Two cases are considered; each centers on a film, a “little epic” that was produced by a future teacher who attempts to work within an anti-racist framework for social justice. Findings point to how multimodal tools are effective for engaging meaningfully with unresolved conflicts. However, in the face of trauma experienced, the future teachers’ efforts to work within a social justice framework may be pushed to the margins. This pedagogy / research sheds light on the workings of the inner landscape of becoming teachers, and highlights the dynamic of education as a psychic crisis compounded by the demands of the social.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document