Pornography, provocative sexual media, and their differing associations with multiple aspects of sexual satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 618-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan D. Leonhardt ◽  
Brian J. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Path Coefficients ◽  
Sexual Media ◽  
Pornography Use

Recent research has suggested that sexual content and sexual satisfaction are multifaceted. Yet, no study has parceled out how distinct aspects of sexual content may be associated with multiple aspects of sexual satisfaction. In this study of 858 individuals in a committed romantic relationship, we used structural equation models to evaluate how two components of sexual content (pornography use and provocative sexual media use) were associated with several components of sexual satisfaction (time spent on foreplay, variety, overall satisfaction, frequency, love and affection, and time spent on intercourse) for both men and women. The specific path coefficients of the models revealed that higher pornography use was significantly associated with lower satisfaction with sexual variety and time spent on intercourse for men, yet not associated with any sexual satisfaction outcomes for women. However, greater use of provocative sexual media for men and women was significantly associated with lower satisfaction with the love and affection in the sexual relationship. Provocative sexual media use for women was also associated with lower satisfaction with sexual variety, overall sexual satisfaction, and time spent on intercourse. Our results supported the differentiation of different components of sexual content viewed and sexual satisfaction in gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the intricacies of both constructs.

Forced Zero Cross-Loading Misspecifications in Measurement Component of Structural Equation Models

Methodology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Yuan Hsu ◽  
Susan Troncoso Skidmore ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Bruce Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Path Coefficients

The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the effect of constraining near-zero parameter cross-loadings to zero in the measurement component of a structural equation model. A Monte Carlo 3 × 5 × 2 simulation design was conducted (i.e., sample sizes of 200, 600, and 1,000; parameter cross-loadings of 0.07, 0.10, 0.13, 0.16, and 0.19 misspecified to be zero; and parameter path coefficients in the structural model of either 0.50 or 0.70). Results indicated that factor pattern coefficients and factor covariances were overestimated in measurement models when near-zero parameter cross-loadings constrained to zero were higher than 0.13 in the population. Moreover, the path coefficients between factors were misestimated when the near-zero parameter cross-loadings constrained to zero were noteworthy. Our results add to the literature detailing the importance of testing individual model specification decisions, and not simply evaluating omnibus model fit statistics.

scholarly journals The Gendered Pathways Into Giving and Volunteering: Similar or Different Across Countries?

2022 ◽  
pp. 089976402110574
Author(s):  
Pamala Wiepking ◽  
Christopher J. Einolf ◽  
Yongzheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gendered Pathways

There has been a steady increase in research studying the role of gender in prosocial behavior, such as charitable giving and volunteering. We provide an extensive review of the interdisciplinary literature and derive hypotheses about three different pathways that lead men and women to differ in their display of giving and volunteering: pathways through social capital, motivations, and resources. We test these hypotheses across 19 countries by analyzing 28,410 individuals, using generalized structural equation models. Our results support previous research, conducted in single countries, that there are distinct different pathways that lead men and women to engage in giving and volunteering: Women report stronger motivations to help others, but men report more of the financial resources that make giving and volunteering possible. The gendered pathways to giving and volunteering that lead through social capital, educational achievement, and financial security vary by country.

scholarly journals An Explanatory Model of Sexual Satisfaction in Adults with a Same-Sex Partner: An Analysis Based on Gender Differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Calvillo ◽  
María del Mar Sánchez-Fuentes ◽  
Juan Carlos Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Internalized Homophobia ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Explanatory Model ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Negative Sense

This study aimed to develop an explanatory model of sexual satisfaction in same-sex attracted individuals with a partner, based on personal and interpersonal variables. The participants were 410 men (mean age = 29.24, SD = 9.84) and 410 women (mean age = 29, SD = 8.57) who maintained a relationship with another person of the same sex. Internalized homophobia was considered as a personal variable, and as interpersonal variables, the dimensions of attachment (anxiety and avoidance), sexual functioning, dyadic adjustment, relationship satisfaction, the components of the Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction, the number of sexual costs and the number of sexual rewards were considered. The degree to which sexual satisfaction was related to these variables was examined separately, for both men and women, through multiple linear regression models within the framework of structural equation models. The results indicated that sexual satisfaction is associated in a negative sense with internalized homophobia, the number of sexual costs, anxiety, and avoidance, and in a positive sense with the remaining variables. Relational variables were more relevant in the explanation of sexual satisfaction. The clinical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals The patterns of problematic social media use (SMU) and their relationship with online flow, life satisfaction, depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in Lithuania and in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Brailovskaia ◽  
Inga Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene ◽  
Evaldas Kazlauskas ◽  
Jürgen Margraf
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Problematic Social Media Use

AbstractThe present study investigated problematic social media use (SMU) in Lithuania and in Germany. In two student samples (Lithuania: N = 1640; Germany: N = 727), problematic SMU, flow experienced during SMU, life satisfaction, depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were assessed by online surveys. Latent Class Analysis resulted in a four-group classification of participants due to their levels of problematic SMU characteristics: low-symptom, low-withdrawal, high-withdrawal, and high-symptom. The proportion of participants in the low-symptom group was significantly higher in Germany than in Lithuania. In contrast, significantly more Lithuanian participants belonged to both withdrawal groups. No significant country differences were found for the composition of the high-symptom group. In both countries, a series of Structural Equation Models showed that the level of flow, depression, anxiety and stress symptoms was the highest in the high-symptom group, and the lowest in the low-symptom group. Life satisfaction revealed the reversed result pattern. The current findings show that students from Lithuania and Germany can be grouped considering their problematic SMU level. Individuals in the four groups differ due to their level of mental health. Especially members of the high-symptom group might benefit from external controlling strategies of their time spent on SM, while members of the withdrawal groups are suggested to train their SMU self-control.

scholarly journals Are online behaviors damaging our in-person connections? Passive versus active social media use on romantic relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena I. Quiroz ◽  
Kristin D. Mickelson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Relationship Health

Social media has been extensively researched, and its impact on well-being is becoming more clear. What is less clear, however, is the role of social media on romantic relationships, with the few existing studies finding mixed results. In an attempt to reconcile these discrepancies, the current study explored types of social media use (i.e., active use and passive use) as moderators between frequency of social media use and relationship health (i.e., relationship satisfaction and commitment). Participants were 432 adults in a romantic relationship for at least three months. Results showed that women who passively use social media at moderate to high levels exhibited negative associations between hours per day of social media use and relationship satisfaction, and hours per day of social media use and commitment. On the other hand, active use may ameliorate the negative association between hours per day of social media use and relationship health for both women and men. Specifically, men and women reporting low levels of active use exhibited a stronger negative association between hours per day of social media use and relationship health than those who reported moderate levels of active use. Additionally, there was no association between hours per day of social media use and relationship health for men and women reporting high levels of active use. Implications of these findings are discussed, as well as future directions based on these findings.

scholarly journals Associations of self-repression with disordered eating and symptoms of other psychopathologies for men and women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Bachner-Melman ◽  
Yonatan Watermann ◽  
Lilac Lev-Ari ◽  
Ada H. Zohar
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Abstract Background: Disordered eating has been found to be associated with self-repression, specifically with selflessness, the tendency to relinquish one’s needs for others’, and concern for appropriateness, an alertness to information about social comparison and tendency to vary one’s behavior in different social situations. This study aimed to examine associations between these self-repression variables and symptoms of general psychopathology for women and men in a community sample. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-six participants (92 men) aged 18-76 (M=29.11+10.10) volunteered to complete measures of ED symptoms (EDE-Q), concern for appropriateness (CFA-CSV and CFA-ATSCI), selflessness (SS), and symptoms of depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (BSI-18 anx) and somatization (BSI-18 som) online. Structural equation models were built to assess pathways between the study variables for men and women separately. Results: A MANOVA 2*7 design showed that women scored significantly higher than men on the SS, EDE-Q and PHQ-9. For men, SS scores were positively and significantly associated only with PHQ-9 scores. CAS-CSV scores were positively associated with PHQ-9, BSI-18 som and BSI-18 anx scores. For women, SS scores were positively and significantly associated with PHQ-9, EDE-Q, BSI-18 som and BSI-18 anx scores. CAS-CSV scores were positively and significantly associated with PHQ-9, BSI-18 anx and BSI-18 som scores but not EDE-Q scores. CAS-ASCI scores were positively and significantly associated only with EDE-Q scores.Conclusions: Self-repression is a much more central path to psychopathology in women than in men. For men, self-suppression seems to play an important role in the development and maintenance of symptoms of internalizing disorders, but not disordered eating. Even for women, it appears that self-repression is not connected specifically with disordered eating, but with symptoms of psychopathology in general. Future research should explore why self-suppression plays such a central role in women’s psychopathology.

scholarly journals Sex differences in genetic and environmental influences on frailty and its relation to body mass index and education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan K. L. Mak ◽  
Chandra A. Reynolds ◽  
Sara Hägg ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Malin Ericsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gene Environment

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is a multifactorial expression of aging influenced by numerous genetic and environmental factors. However, sex differences in how these factors may affect frailty, and the gene-environment interplay among frailty and two of its well-established risk factors, unhealthy body mass index (BMI) and low education, are less clear.MethodsIn a large sample of 42,994 Swedish twins aged 41–99 years, we used structural equation models to estimate the genetic (heritability) and environmental sources of variance in frailty, defined as the Rockwood frailty index (FI), separately in men and women. We also estimated the genetic and environmental contributions to the associations between FI and BMI, and FI and education. Moderation models were fitted to test for gene-environment interaction by levels of BMI and education.ResultsGenetic and individual-specific environmental factors contributed approximately equally to the FI variance. The heritability of FI was slightly higher in women (52%) than in men (45%), yet we found only weak-to-no indication of different sources of genetic variance influencing frailty in men and women. A small-to-moderate genetic overlap between FI and BMI, and a perfect negative correlation of the environmental factors common to twins in a pair between FI and education were observed. Additionally, the heritability of FI was greater at both low and high BMI levels, with similar patterns of moderation in both sexes.ConclusionsIndividual differences in frailty are equally influenced by genetic and individual-specific environmental factors, and different mechanisms seem to underlie the association of frailty with BMI and education.

Why Have Sleep Problems in Later-Midlife Grown Following the Great Recession? A Comparative Cohort Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Bierman
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Cohort Change ◽  
Retirement Study

Abstract Objectives This research compares three cohorts of individuals in their fifth decade of life and examines whether sleep problems are greater in cohorts following the Great Recession. We argue that these differences will occur because postrecession cohorts are exposed to more economic burdens that harm sleep. We also suggest that postrecession exposure to economic burdens will be amplified among women, leading to greater cross-cohort differences in sleep problems. Method Data were derived from the Health and Retirement Study, focusing on cohort surveys starting in 2004, 2010, and 2016 (N = 12,129). Structural equation models compared cohorts in latent levels of sleep problems and also examined whether economic burdens mediated cohort differences. Interactions tested whether cohort differences varied between men and women. Results The 2010 and 2016 cohorts had higher mean levels of sleep problems than the 2004 cohort. Greater postrecession exposure to economic burdens largely explained inter-cohort change in sleep problems, with this pattern stronger among women. Discussion Americans are approaching their senior years increasingly burdened by economic stressors that incur sleep problems. Practitioners and aging researchers should be prepared to address deleterious health consequences created by heightened sleep impairments.

scholarly journals Incorporating Molecular Markers and Causal Structure among Traits Using a Smith-Hazel Index and Structural Equation Models

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1953
Author(s):  
Juan Valente Hidalgo-Contreras ◽  
Josafhat Salinas-Ruiz ◽  
Kent M. Eskridge ◽  
Stephen P. Baenziger
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Path Coefficients ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
The Mean

The goal in breeding programs is to choose candidates that produce offspring with the best phenotypes. In conventional selection, the best candidate is selected with high genotypic values (unobserved), in the assumption that this is related to the observed phenotypic values for several traits. Multi-trait selection indices are used to identify superior genotypes when a number of traits are to be considered simultaneously. Often, the causal relationship among the traits is well known. Structural equation models (SEM) have been used to describe the causal relationships among variables in many biological systems. We present a method for multi-trait genomic selection that incorporates causal relationships among traits by coupling SEM with a Smith–Hazel index that incorporates markers. The method was applied to field data from a Nebraska winter wheat breeding program. We found that the correlation and the relative efficiency increased for the proposed Smith–Hazel indices when the total causal information among traits was accounted for by the vector of weights (b), which includes the causal path coefficients in the causal matrix (Λ). On the other hand, when selection was based on a primary trait, for example yield, the proposed SI increased the mean yield of the best 28 (Top 10%) genotypes to 7%.

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