First impression sexual scripts of romantic encounters: Effect of gender on verbal and non verbal immediacy behaviors in American media dating culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110330
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Romaniuk ◽  
Larissa Terán
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Reality Television ◽  
Head Tilt ◽  
Sexual Scripts ◽  
Nonverbal Immediacy ◽  
Verbal Immediacy ◽  
Immediacy Behaviors ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
First Impression ◽  
American Media

The current study investigates sexual scripts in reality dating shows—in particular, how the gender of the communicator affects the choice of verbal and nonverbal immediacy behaviors aimed at making a first impression. Data were drawn from 331 couples of opposite-sex heterosexual strangers interacting for approximately 30 seconds on two reality dating shows: The Bachelor and The Bachelorette (2012–2019). As a result, a codebook of verbal immediacy cues ( N = 1623) and nonverbal immediacy cues ( N = 3021) was derived. The findings showed that verbal behavior encompassed 11 categories of verbal immediacy cues, while nonverbal behavior included 32 categories of nonverbal immediacy cues. Results also showed gender-related preferences for verbal immediacy behavior; for instance, men were more likely to outline the probability of relationship development and pay compliments; conversely, women were prone to intriguing men to arouse curiosity and interest. As for nonverbal immediacy behavior, men were predisposed to use clothes straightening, while women tended to communicate immediacy through head tilt, shoulder shrug, gaze down, gaze side(s), eyebrow flashes, hand-in-hand, hug, pat, holding hands in front of their bodies, and hair grooming. Nonetheless, the similarities between men and women were found to be greater than the differences. These findings could have wide-reaching implications for theorizing on social and cultural norms, gender stereotypes, and traditional gender roles in intimate relationships in the form of sexual scripts, along with contributing to the study of reality television.

scholarly journals THE FIRST IMPRESSION MATTERS: THE ART OF MALE ROMANTIC COMMUNICATION IN AMERICAN MEDIA DATING CULTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-91
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Reality Television ◽  
Dyadic Interaction ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
First Impression ◽  
American Media ◽  
Pragmatic Communication ◽  
Communicative Strategy ◽  
Strategy Making

The study investigates the communicative strategy ‘Making the first impression’ within the communicative style and tradition of Masculine Romantic Discourse at the stage ‘Initiation of Romantic Relationship’. The masculine communicative strategy ‘Making the first impression’ is aimed at achieving the communicative goal – to impress a female addressee for a limited time. The research demonstrates the potential of the complex approach to the study of interpersonal communicative effectiveness and the causes of communication failures. It comprises interdependent variables such as the objective and the subjective integrative features, as well as the strategic ways, namely what should be said (semantics) and how it should be said (discourse features via verbal means). The initial dyadic interaction was implemented by masculine communicative moves within pragmatic communication models. The masculine communicative moves were sourced from an American dating and relationship reality television series The Bachelorette US released from 2012 to 2018. The results revealed that the successful pragmatic communication model included relevant and variable masculine communicative moves, providing the pragmatic foundations of the relationship.

scholarly journals Examining the Correlation between University Students’ Perceived Teacher Immediacy and their Motivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5809-5820
Author(s):  
Dr. Tariq Hussain, Dr. Asmaa Azeem, Nisar Abid
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Nonverbal Immediacy ◽  
Teacher Immediacy ◽  
Verbal Immediacy ◽  
Immediacy Behaviors ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Motivation Level ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Relationship

This descriptive correlational study was intended to explore the relationship between university students’ perceived teacher immediacy and their motivation. 800 students were selected from eight different universities of district Lahore through a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Out of the selected, 726 participants responded on adapted Verbal Immediacy Behaviors (VIB), Revised Nonverbal Immediacy Measures (RNIM), and Students Motivation Scale (SMS). Independent sample t-tests’ results exhibited no significant gender-based or sector-wise difference in perceived teacher immediacy and motivation level of students. However, the correlational evidence showed a strong correlation between verbal, nonverbal, overall teacher immediacy, and student motivation. Results suggest that teacher immediacy functions as a means of enhancing the motivation of a student, based on this fact, the researchers suggest that content to promote teacher immediacy should be added in teacher education curricula.  

scholarly journals Understanding Instructor Nonverbal Immediacy, Verbal Immediacy, and Student Motivation at a Small Liberal Arts University

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A Furlich
Keyword(s):  
Student Motivation ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Nonverbal Immediacy ◽  
Communication Behaviors ◽  
Verbal Immediacy ◽  
Liberal Arts University ◽  
Immediacy Behaviors ◽  
Instructor Communication ◽  
Regression Relationship

Abstract Instructor communication behaviors and student motivation to learn relationships were studied at a small liberal arts university. Specifically, relationships between instructor nonverbal immediacy, verbal immediacy behaviors and student motivation to learn were measured. Only instructor verbal immediacy behaviors had a significant linear regression relationship result with student motivation to learn. These results from a small liberal arts university are discussed in reference to previous research that measured these variables primarily at research universities. The results and implications are addressed for instructors and administrators.

scholarly journals Students’ Gender-Related Choices and Achievement in Physics

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Ivana Jugović
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Grades ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Educational Domain

The goal of the research was to explore the role of motivation, gender roles and stereotypes in the explanation of students’ educational outcomes in a stereotypically male educational domain: physics. Eccles and colleagues’ expectancy-value model was used as a theoretical framework for the research. The research sample included 736 grammar school students from Zagreb, Croatia. The variables explored were expectancy of success, selfconcept of ability and subjective task values of physics, gender roles and stereotypes, and educational outcomes: academic achievement in physics, intention to choose physics at the high school leaving exam, and intention to choose a technical sciences university course. The results showed that girls had a lower self-concept of ability and lower expectancies of success in physics compared to boys, in spite of their  higher physics school grades. Hierarchical regression analyses showedthat self-concept of physics ability was the strongest predictor of physics school grades, whereas the utility value of physics was the key predictor of educational intentions for both genders. Expectancy of success was one of the key predictors of girls’ educational intentions, as well. Endorsement of a typically masculine gender role predicted girls’ and boys’ stronger intentions to choose a stereotypically male educational domain, whereas acceptance of the stereotype about the poorer talent of women in technical sciences occupations predicted girls’ lower educational outcomes related to physics. The practical implication of the research is the need to create gender-sensitive intervention programmes aimed at deconstructing the gender stereotypes and traditional gender roles that restrain students from choosing gender-non-stereotypical careers.

Nonverbal Immediacy Behaviors Instrument

2020 ◽  
pp. 238-241
Author(s):  
Rebecca B. Rubin ◽  
Philip Palmgreen ◽  
Howard E. Sypher
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Immediacy ◽  
Immediacy Behaviors

scholarly journals Nonverbal Immediacy Mediates the Relationship Between Interpersonal Motives and Belongingness

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Mayor
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Nonverbal Immediacy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Verbal Immediacy ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interpersonal Motives ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

While belongingness is a predictor of mental and physical health, the lack of social bonds is an issue for many people in occidental countries. This issue calls for global and affordable solutions. In this study, we notably investigated (a) the presumed positive relationships between agentic and communal interactional motives and belongingness, and (b) the mediating role of self-reported non-verbal immediacy—an indicator of availability to interact—in these relationships. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were collected by means of questionnaires to test these hypotheses (NCrossectional = 344; NLongitudinal = 126) using the General Belongingness Scale, the Non-verbal Immediacy Scale, and the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Results supported the hypotheses: Interpersonal motives and non-verbal immediacy are associated cross-sectionally to belongingness, non-verbal immediacy mediates the interpersonal motives—belongingness relationship and positive changes in non-verbal immediacy are also related to increased belongingness. Practical and research implications are discussed.

Female Sex Offenders: Public Awareness and Attributions

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1044-1063
Author(s):  
Calli M. Cain ◽  
Amy L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Female Sex Offenders ◽  
Sex Offending ◽  
The Public ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles

Traditional gender roles, sex scripts, and the way female sex offenders are portrayed in the media may lead to misconceptions about who can commit sexual offenses. Sexual crimes by women may go unnoticed or unreported if there is a general lack of awareness that females commit these crimes. Data from the 2012 Nebraska Annual Social Indicators Survey were used to determine whether the public perceives women as capable sex offenders and the perceived causes of female sex offending. The traditional focus on male sex offenders by researchers, media, and politicians, in addition to gender stereotypes, introduces the possibility of group differences (e.g., between men and women) in perceptions of female sex offenders. Consequently, two secondary analyses were conducted that tested for group differences in both the public’s perception of whether females can commit sex offenses and the explanations selected for why females sexually offend. The findings suggest that the public does perceive women as capable sex offenders, although there were group differences in the causal attributions for female sex offending.

Rewriting Gender in the New Revolutionary Song

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (136) ◽  
pp. 142-155
Author(s):  
Aviva Chomsky
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Order ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Cuban Revolution ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Nueva Cancion ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Nueva Canción

Abstract This essay examines the meanings of gender in the music of Cuba’s Nueva Trova, an important expression of what came to be known as the Nueva Canción (New Song) that flourished throughout Latin America between the 1960s and the 1980s. The continent-wide movement sought to challenge the commercialization of the airwaves by raising profound, revolutionary, and deeply Latin American themes while revaluing traditional instruments and styles. Music played an important role in articulating a rejection of capitalist and colonial values, a turn to popular and indigenous roots, a commitment to continent-wide revolution, and a vision of a better world. Through festivals, gatherings, and conferences, mass concerts and radio, international travel, and, under dictatorship, clandestinely circulated cassette tapes, the Nueva Canción exemplified a generation’s search for multiple meanings of liberation. In participating in radical critiques of Latin America’s social order, the Nueva Canción rewrote gender norms embedded in society and its music. Revolutionary singer-songwriters explored the meanings of human emancipation in ways that challenged traditional gender roles and ideologies. Political, personal, and love songs upended gender stereotypes to offer new, revolutionary meanings to romantic love. Songwriters linked the Cuban Revolution to other Latin American revolutionary processes and imagined how the new society would liberate the human spirit and human potential. Socially committed art reflected, explored, and contributed to imagining the new world, and reimagining gender played a role in the process and in its music.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document