Clever or foolish? Playing with the rivalry in leveraging sports sponsorships of SMEs

2021 ◽  
pp. 026624262110090
Author(s):  
Stefan Walzel ◽  
Gerhard Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Brand Attitudes ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Large Enterprises

This article explores the significance of sports sponsorships by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Due to limited resources, and the high-intensity competition among sponsors for the recipient’s attention, SMEs have to look for alternative ways to exploit the potential of their sponsorships. With the help of an experimental research design, two studies examine the effects of integrating existing sporting rivalries between sports teams into the leveraging of sponsorships. Among both fans (study 1) and local residents (study 2), the reference to a sporting rivalry in sponsorship leveraging has positive effects on sponsorship-fit, attitudes towards sponsorship and brand attitudes towards the sponsor. Negative attitudes of rival fans on this type of sponsorship leveraging are mostly irrelevant for SME sponsors due to their limited market scope. This type of sponsorship leveraging offers SMEs the opportunity to differentiate themselves as sponsors in contrast to large enterprises with a supra regional, national or international sponsorship scope.

scholarly journals The Effects of Different Rater Training Procedures on ESL Essay Raters’ Rating Accuracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (S3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Souba Rethinasamy
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Rater Training ◽  
Rating Accuracy ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Training Programmes

The study investigated the effects of three commonly employed rater training procedures on the rating accuracy of novice ESL essay raters. The first training procedure involved going through a set of benchmarked scripts with scores, the second involved assessing benchmarked scripts before viewing the scores. The third was a combination of the former and latter. A pre, post and delayed post-experimental research design was employed. Data were collected before, immediately after and one month after training. Actual IELTS scripts with benchmarked scores determined by subjecting expert IELTS raters’ scores through Multi-Faceted Rasch (MFR) analysis were used for the training and data collection purposes. Sixty-three TESL trainees were selected based on their pre-training rating accuracy to form three equally matched experimental groups. The trainees’ scores for the essays before, immediately after and one month after the assigned training procedure were compared with the official scores for the operational essays. Although the findings indicate that generally, rater training improves raters’ rating accuracy by narrowing the gap between their scores and the official scores, different training procedures seem to have different effects. The first training procedure significantly improved raters’ rating accuracy but showed a decreasing effect with time. The second training procedure showed immediate as well as delayed positive effects on raters’ rating accuracy. The third training did not lead to significant immediate improvement, but rating accuracy improved significantly after some time. This paper discusses the implications of the findings in planning efficient and effective rater training programmes.

THE EFFECT OF SMALL GROUP WORK STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’S ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asrina Sari Siregar ◽  
Sumarsih Sumarsih ◽  
Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Small Group Work ◽  
Procedure Text ◽  
Experimental Group

This study attempts to discover the effect of applying Small Group Work Strategy on students’ achievement in writing procedure text. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this research was the nineth (IX) grade students of SMP N 1 Padang Bolak Julu which consists of 3 parallel classes with the total number of students is 90. The samples of this research were taken by random sampling through lottery technique. The result was class IX1 consisted of 30 students became the experimental group and class IX3 consisted of 30 students became the control group. The experimental group was taught by Small Group Work Strategy while the control group was taught by using individual work strategy. The instrument was used to collect the data was writing procedure text. After the data were analyzed, it was found that the value of t-observed was 3.37 with the degree of freedom (df) = 58 at the level significance 0.05. it means that t-observed was higher than t-table (3.37 > 2.00. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is reected and the hypothesis alternative (Ha) is accepted.Key words : Small Group Work Strategy, Writing Procedure Text.

THE EFFECT OF PERSONAL EXPERIENCES STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisya Hardiant Daulay ◽  
Sumarsih Sumarsih ◽  
Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Experimental Group

This study attempts to discover the effect of applying Personal Experiences Strategy on students’ achievement in writing narrative text. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this research was the tenth (X) grade students of SMA N 6 Padangsidimpuan  which consists of 10 parallel classes with the total number of students is 64. The samples of this research were taken by random sampling through lottery technique. The result was class X1 consisted of 32 students became the experimental group and class X2 consisted of 32 students became the control group. The experimental group was taught by Personal Experiences Strategy while the control group was taught by using Big group work strategy. The instrument was used to collect the data was writing narrative text. After the data were analyzed, it was found that the value of t-observed was 4.25 with the degree of freedom (df) = 62 at the level significance 0.05. it means that t-observed was higher than t-table (4.25 > 1.997. The result of this study showed that teaching narrative text by using personal experiences strategy was higher than that by big group work. Keywords : Using Personal Experiences Strategy. Writing Narrative Text.

THE EFFECT OF PERSONAL EXPERIENCES STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisya Hardianti Daulay And Sumarsih
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Experimental Group

This study attempts to discover the effect of applying Personal Experiences Strategy on students’ achievement in writing narrative text. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The population of this research was the tenth (X) grade students of SMA N 6 Padangsidimpuan which consists of 10 parallel classes with the total number of students is 64. The samples of this research were taken by random sampling through lottery technique. The result was class X1 consisted of 32 students became the experimental group and class X2 consisted of 32 students became the control group. The experimental group was taught by Personal Experiences Strategy while the control group was taught by using Big group work strategy. The instrument was used to collect the data was writing narrative text. After the data were analyzed, it was found that the value of t-observed was 4.25 with the degree of freedom (df) = 62 at the level significance 0.05. it means that t-observed was higher than t-table (4.25 > 1.997. The result of this study showed that teaching narrative text by using personal experiences strategy was higher than that by big group work.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING SQ3R METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN READING COMPREHENSION

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranata Royganda Sihaloho And Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Choice Tests ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study is to discover the effect of applying SQ3R method inreading comprehension. Experimental research design is used as the research method.This research took place at SMA Nasrani 2Medan. There were 2 classes chosen as thesample with 30 students in each class. The classes were divided into two groups namelyexperimental and control group. The experimental group was taught by using SQ3Rmethod and the control group was taught by using conventional method. The instrumentused to collect the data was a set of multiple choice tests, which divided as pre test andpost test. The result of the research was analyzed by using t-test formula. The resultshowed that t-test was higher than t-table (4,23>2,00) at the level of significant 0,05with degree of freedom (df) 58. It means that hypothesis alternative (Ha) is acceptedwhich shows that SQ3R method significantly improves the student’s readingcomprehension.

Delegation of Responsibilities: A Leadership Tool for Subordinates’ Competence Development in Selected Organisations in Ibadan Metropolis

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ayodeji Omolawal
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Competence Development ◽  
P Value ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Organisational Climate ◽  
Qualitative Approaches

Delegation of responsibilities constitutes a very important ingredient of good leadership in organisations and is critical to competence development of workers. However, experience shows that many leaders are unwilling to delegate responsibilities to their subordinates for a number of reasons. This study was therefore designed to investigate delegation of responsibilities as a tool for competence development of subordinates in selected organisations in Ibadan metropolis. The study, anchored on Elkem’s model, was descriptive and adopted survey research design with a combination of both quantitative and qualitative approaches. It was conducted on 206 respondents randomly selected from 20 public and private organisations in Ibadan. Questionnaire and IDI were instruments of data collection, while the data collected were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The study showed that respondents perceived delegation of responsibilities as a vital tool for developing, equipping and motivating subordinates; and that it had positive effects on subordinates’ performance (X2 = 11.14, p-value = 0.001). The study also revealed that lack of confidence in subordinates (79%), level of skill and competence (66%), organisational climate (68%) and bureaucracy (58%) were barriers to delegation of responsibilities. Delegation of responsibilities is a cost-free way of enhancing competence development of subordinates in organisations, and should therefore, be encouraged among leaders irrespective of their levels.

PENGARUH METODE EKSPOSITORI TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA MAHASISWA PGSD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daswarman Daswarman
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Mathematical Abilities ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
The Subject

The aim of learning mathematics in universities is to improve students' mathematical abilities. One of the important mathematical abilities of students is understanding the concept. With an understanding of the concept, students will easily solve mathematical problems. This research is an experimental research design with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. In the design of this study, researchers used one class as the subject of research. Before being given treatment, the pretest is first performed, then given treatment within a certain period, then given a posttest. The results showed that there was an increase in students' understanding of the concept after being given the application of the expository method.

Quasi‐Experimental Research Design

2021 ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
Amanda Muse ◽  
Julie Marie Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Replication of Special Education Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Makel ◽  
Jonathan A. Plucker ◽  
Jennifer Freeman ◽  
Allison Lombardi ◽  
Brandi Simonsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Journal Citation Report ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Publication History ◽  
Central Tenet ◽  
History Of

Increased calls for rigor in special education have often revolved around the use of experimental research design. However, the replicability of research results is also a central tenet to the scientific research process. To assess the prevalence, success rate, and authorship history of replications in special education, we investigated the complete publication history of every replication published in the 36 journals categorized by ISI Web of Knowledge Journal Citation Report as special education. We found that 0.5% of all articles reported seeking to replicate a previously published finding. More than 80% of these replications reported successfully replicating previous findings. However, replications where there was at least one author overlapping with the original article (which happens about two thirds of the time) were statistically significantly more likely to find successful results.

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