Domain-wide or variable-dependent vulnerability of the semantics—syntax interface in L2 acquisition? Evidence from wh-words used as existential polarity words in L2 Chinese grammars

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boping Yuan
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Positive Evidence ◽  
L2 Chinese ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

Most studies in the second language (L2) literature that deal with interface issues do so in holistic terms. On the one hand, researchers have suggested that interface relations between the syntax and other domains are particularly difficult for adult L2 learners. On the other, it has been argued that such relations can be established in a native-like way, even when no clear positive evidence is readily available in the input. In both cases researchers have treated the issue in a domain-wide fashion. However, the domain-wide approach is not supported by the study reported in this aricle, which examines the role of the semantics—syntax interface in the representation of wh-words as existential polarity words (EPWs) in the L2 Chinese grammars of English and Japanese speakers. The results suggest that the semantics—syntax interface can be established between the EPWs and some of their potential licensers in L2 Chinese grammars, but not others. This indicates that L2 learners’ success or failure in acquiring the interface is not domain-wide. A variable-dependent account is proposed for the results, arguing that success or failure in establishing interface relations in L2 grammars is likely to depend on a number of variables, including the categorial nature of individual elements involved in the interface relationship, the status of these elements in the target language speaker’s grammar, the input that learners are exposed to, and cross-linguistic influence.

scholarly journals Public Consciousness of Kazakhstan in Ethical and Aesthetic Measurement

Adam alemi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (86) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
G. Solovieva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Status ◽  
Aesthetic Consciousness ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Ethical Component ◽  
The One

Ethical and aesthetic consciousness is considered in the article as a single phenomenon with a priority of the ethical component. The analysis is carried out in comparative studies of two methods: consideration of the topic in the mirror of modern literature of Kazakhstan as a form of public consciousness and study of the same problem in the mirror of sociological material. These approaches complement each other and make it possible to identify two levels of social consciousness in the ethical and aesthetic dimension: the existing and the due. Sociology enables analysis at the first level. Literature combines both the one and the other, emphasizing the level of due, transformation of reality and resolution of the indicated contradictions. As a result, it was found that the key construct of the ethical and aesthetic consciousness of Kazakhstanis is the idea of cohesion and unity of all ethnic groups with the leading role of the Kazakh people. This idea has the deepest moral meaning and at the same time has the status of beauty, i.e. character aesthetic. Discord is always ugly. Whereas, unity in its essence is beautiful, showing a combination of good and beauty.

Episcopal Tombs in Early Modern England

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER SHERLOCK
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
The Church

The Reformation simultaneously transformed the identity and role of bishops in the Church of England, and the function of monuments to the dead. This article considers the extent to which tombs of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century bishops represented a set of episcopal ideals distinct from those conveyed by the monuments of earlier bishops on the one hand and contemporary laity and clergy on the other. It argues that in death bishops were increasingly undifferentiated from other groups such as the gentry in the dress, posture, location and inscriptions of their monuments. As a result of the inherent tension between tradition and reform which surrounded both bishops and tombs, episcopal monuments were unsuccessful as a means of enhancing the status or preserving the memory and teachings of their subjects in the wake of the Reformation.

Mathematical Symbols: Insight through Invention

1985 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Daiyo Sawada
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mathematical Symbols ◽  
Algorithmic Technique ◽  
The One ◽  
New Math ◽  
Basic Movement ◽  
Do So

Over the years, like a pendulum. the emphasis in mathematics education has swung from a focus on concepts and understanding (e.g., the new-math movement) on the one hand to skill with facts and algorithms (e.g., the back-to-basic movement) on the other. Currently. children can adequately perform algorithms, but they may do so with little understanding of the underlying concepts (Resnick 1982, 136–55). In part, the difficulty lies in students having lo t sight of the role of symbols in mathematical thinking. The development of approache. that help children integrate the insight of symbolic understanding with the power of algorithmic technique should be of value. Accordingly, the intent of this article is to suggest how children can be guided to see and personally feel the power and simplicity that thinking with and about mathematical symbols can bring to their algorithmic competence. Although, for the sake of concretene and pecificity, attention hall be confined to computation, stress shall be placed on an approach that the reader may find generalize to other areas.

scholarly journals Pemikiran Imre Lakatos (1922-1974) tentang Metodologi Program Riset dan Signifikansinya dalam Kajian Keislaman

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Ahmad Amir Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
The One ◽  
Protective Belt ◽  
Do So

Apart from Kuhn and Popper, Lakatos has become an important figure in the<br />field of Philosophy of Science for his scientific theories, which he calls research<br />programmes. For Lakatos, Popper’s theoretical falsification can be immensely dangerous<br />when applied to the already established theories. On the other hand, in contrast to Kuhn<br />who assumed that a paradigm is by its nature immeasurable, Lakatos maintains that the<br />competing scientific discoveries may in fact be compared between one another. To him,<br />the main issues with regard to the logic of discovery cannot be dealt with satisfactorily<br />unless we do so within the framework of research programmes. The practical<br />implementation of this would be that the hard core of this framework cannot be subjected<br />to modification -let alone- rejection. This hard core must in other words be protected<br />from what he terms falsification. Lakatos also maintains that what can be said as scientific<br />is a series of theory, and not a single theory. This model of research programmes can in<br />fact be used in Islamic Studies in order to develop new theoretical principles that may<br />play a role of convincing protective-belt on the one hand, and to find new premises<br />whose discoveries can be used universally on the other

Roles of positive and indirect negative evidence in L2 feature reassembly

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Woramon Prawatmuang ◽  
Boping Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Evidence ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Positive Evidence ◽  
Feature Reassembly ◽  
Chinese Learners ◽  
Acceptability Judgment

Abstract This article reports an empirical study investigating L2 acquisition of the Mandarin Chinese collective marker -men by adult Thai-speaking learners and the Thai collective marker phûak- by adult Chinese-speaking learners within the framework of the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis (Lardiere, 2009a, 2009b). An acceptability judgment test was administered to learners with beginning, intermediate and advanced proficiencies of Chinese and Thai (n = 114) as well as native speaker controls (n = 30). The results reveal a facilitating role of positive evidence in L2 feature reassembly as Chinese learners who are exposed to positive evidence of “phûak + animal noun” and “phûak + indefinite noun” structures in their Thai input perform native-like on these structures from an intermediate level onward. On the other hand, feature reassembly is hindered when positive evidence is unavailable as in the case of Thai learners of Chinese where no evidence they receive in the input shows ungrammaticality of “animal noun + men” and “indefinite noun + men” structures in Chinese. These learners mostly fail to perform native-like even at an advanced level.

An Alignment-Based Approach to L2 Learning of Chinese Numeral Classifiers

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-350
Author(s):  
Chuming Wang ◽  
Wei Hong
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Text ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Numeral Classifiers ◽  
Chinese Learners ◽  
L2 Chinese ◽  
Intermediate Learners ◽  
Linguistic Categories ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

Abstract This study investigated the efficiency of learning the Chinese numeral classifiers by L2 Chinese learners by means of an alignment-oriented task. Participants were a total of 96 intermediate learners of L2 Chinese, who were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group, with each group consisting of 32 participants. The continuation task used in this study consisted of a picture-based Chinese text depicting a room with an array of objects, which necessitates the use of classifiers. The two experimental groups were both required to first read the text and then write to describe their own rooms in comparison with the one in the text. One group was instructed to use the classifiers from the text as much as possible in their writing, whereas the other was not required to do so. Participants in the control group were first given the picture to look at in the absence of the text and then asked to describe their own rooms. The results showed that the continuation task significantly enhanced participants’ retention of the Chinese numeral classifiers, suggesting that the alignment-based approach is an effective way to learn difficult linguistic categories such as the Chinese classifiers.

scholarly journals Cultural Studies and Sociology of Culture in Germany: Relations and Interrelations

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udo Göttlich
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sociology Of Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

Over the last three decades, attitudes towards cultural studies in Germany have developed within contexts of contact and conflict with a variety of disciplines, e.g. ethnology, anthropology, sociology, as well as the sociology of culture, liter-ary studies and Kulturwissenschaft(en). On the one hand there is a strong academic interest in how cultural studies perceives and analyzes media culture, popular culture and everyday life. On the other hand boundaries with humanities and social science remain, which leads to criticism and conflicts with cultural studies and its achievements. I will discuss some of the problems concerning the perception and reception of cultural studies among representatives of Kulturwissenschaft(en) and sociology of culture. Furthermore I will draw on the role of cultural studies in thematizing cultural change and conflicts, and its ability to do so in a way that shows the importance of culture and politics.

scholarly journals ŻYDZI I KWESTIA ŻYDOWSKA W PROZIE NIEFIKCJONALNEJ ZINAIDY GIPPIUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Iwona Krycka-Michnowska
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ambivalent Attitude ◽  
The One ◽  
Zinaida Gippius

In this paper the views of Zinaida Gippius on the status, place and role of the Jews in history, expressed in the diaries, journalistic writing and essays were analysed. A reading of these texts leads to the conclusion that the writer had an ambivalent attitude to the Jews. On the one hand, her position, especially soon after the Bolshevik revolution, corresponding to negative stereotypes, but on the other hand overcome it. The journalistic writing and Gippius’ diaries comes belief in the need for reconciliation and in the possibility of achieving it. The hope for a harmonious coexistence of people connects Gippius with religious movements in Russia, the revival of the Orthodox Church and the opening of the Jews to Christianity.

Andalusite and Sillimanite in Uncontaminated Igneous Rocks

1938 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Sherbon Hills
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Normal Type ◽  
Accessory Minerals ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Orthodox View

The occurrence of andalusite and sillimanite in unaltered igneous rocks is, according to the orthodox view expressed in most standard textbooks (see, e.g., Tyrrell, 1934, pp. 50, 164; Shand, 1927, pp. 62, 146; Grout, 1932, p. 230), always to be ascribed to contamination of magmas by highly aluminous sedimentary or metamorphic rocks. Having been given cause to doubt the correctness of this view by the recognition at Pyramid Hill, Victoria, of andalusite-bearing granites and aplites in which evidence of assimilation is lacking, I was then very interested to discover that the opinion has often been expressed, and evidence adduced in support of it, that both andalusite and sillimanite may be normal pyrogenetic constituents of igneous rocks.1 That is, they may under certain conditions crystallize from uncontaminated magmas. Some authors, while admitting that andalusite and sillimanite may crystallize from magmas, regard such pyrogenetic occurrences of these minerals as caused by the development of local excess of alumina, due to the assimilation of shales (e.g. Wells, 1931; Shand, 1927, p. 62). Others do not make their position clear, merely classing andalusite and sillimanite as assimilation minerals (sic), but Tyrrell goes so far as to state that they are “never of pyrogenetic oiigin” (1934, p. 50). Because of the reliance that is placed upon accessory minerals in igneous rocks as indicators of consanguinity of magmas and of the role of assimilation and other processes in pedogenesis, it is important that the status of each mineral should be thoroughly understood. In most classifications of accessory minerals andalusite and sillimanite are either classed as “contamination accessories” (Wells, 1931) or grouped with minerals that are commonly due to contamination (Wright, 1932), and Wright regards them as “of little value for correlation purposes”. Chatterjee, however, was able to use andalusite as an indicator, on the one hand, of relationship between the Falmouth and Bodmin Moor granites, both of these containing a purple variety in fair amount, and, on the other, of the distinction of these granites from those of Dartmoor and St. Austell, in which andalusite is colourless and rare. The rare, sporadically developed andalusite in the Dartmoor granite is considered by Brammall and Harwood (1923) to be a contamination mineral, but Teall suggested (1887) that the andalusite in the Cheesewring granite is probably an “original constituent” (i.e. not mechanically incorporated with the granite, as strew from xenoliths or wall rocks), and the relative abundance and uniformity of distribution of andalusite in the normal type of the Bodmin Moor granite, as exhibited at the Cheesewring (see Ghosh, 1927), lend support to this suggestion.

scholarly journals Perceived foreign accent in first language attrition and second language acquisition: The impact of age of acquisition and bilingualism

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOLGER HOPP ◽  
MONIKA S. SCHMID
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
First Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Foreign Accent ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThis study investigates constraints on ultimate attainment in second language (L2) pronunciation in a direct comparison of perceived foreign accent of 40 late L2 learners and 40 late first language (L1) attriters of German. Both groups were compared with 20 predominantly monolingual controls. Contrasting participants who acquired the target language from birth (monolinguals, L1 attriters) with late L2 learners, on the one hand, and bilinguals (L1 attriters, L2ers) with monolinguals, on the other hand, allowed us to disentangle the impacts of age of onset and bilingualism in speech production. At the group level, the attriters performed indistinguishably from controls, and both differed from the L2 group. However, 80% of all L2ers scored within the native (attriter) range. Correlational analyses with background factors further found some effects of use and language aptitude. These results show that acquiring a language from birth is not sufficient to guarantee nativelike pronunciation, and late acquisition does not necessarily prevent it. The results are discussed in the light of models on the role of age and cross-linguistic influence in L2 acquisition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document