Test–retest reliability and limits of agreement of the Six-Spot Step Test in people with Parkinson’s disease

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the within-day and day-to-day agreement and reliability of the Six-Spot Step Test in mild to moderately disabled people with Parkinson’s disease. Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Setting: Outpatient clinics. Subjects: Forty-four people with Parkinson’s disease. Main measure: The Six-Spot Step Test was completed twice on day 1. Two days later, the Six-Spot Step Test was completed again. The agreement was estimated by Bland–Altman statistics with 95% limits of agreement, and reliability was estimated by the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: Subjects had a mean (SD) age of 67.8 (6.8) years, a median (range) Hoehn and Yahr score of 2.5 (1–4) and a mean (SD) Six-Spot Step Test score of 8.1 (1.8), 7.6 (1.7) and 7.6 (1.6) seconds on test occasions 1 to 3. An agreement for within-day and day-to-day of ±1.8 (±23.7%) and ±2.2 (±26.7%) seconds was found, respectively. The reliability was 0.81 and 0.76 within-day and day-to-day, respectively. A small learning effect was observed ( P < 0.05) between the first and second Six-Spot Step Test, but there was no learning between the second and third occasions. Conclusion: The Six-Spot Step Test has an acceptable within-day and day-to-day agreement and reliability in mild to moderately disabled people with Parkinson’s disease. A change of 2.2 seconds can be regarded as a true change. To minimize learning effects, test trials of the Six-Spot Step Test are recommended before use.

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Translation, adaptation and validation of the Bulgarian version of the King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/s12883-021-02392-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Galina Stoyanova-Piroth ◽

Ivan Milanov ◽

Katerina Stambolieva

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Pain Scale ◽

Radicular Pain ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Nocturnal Pain ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale (KPPS) into Bulgarian and to investigate its psychometric properties in order to provide a validated Parkinson’s disease-specific pain instrument in Bulgarian language (KPPS-BG). Methods Translation into Bulgarian and a cultural adaptation were performed to obtain KPPS-BG. A total of 162 patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease were screened for pain using the complementary to the KPPS questionnaire – King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Questionnaire (KPPQ). KPPS-BG domain and total scores were calculated and internal consistency, construct validity and test-retest reliability were examined for 129 patients having one or more positive items in the KPPQ-BG. Results 79.6 % of the patients reported one or more types of pain. The most common type was musculoskeletal pain (83.7 %), followed by nocturnal pain (55.0 %), fluctuation-related pain (50.1 %), radicular pain (43.4 %), chronic pain (31.0 %), discoloration, edema/swelling (27.1 %) and, oro-facial pain (14.3 %). Mean KPPS-BG total score was 21.1 ± 17.3 SD. KPPS-BG showed a good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.75). The test-retest reliability of the KPPS-BG was high and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.92, demonstrating а good repeatability. KPPS-BG total score was higher in patients with postural instability gait difficulty motor subtype, compared to tremor-dominant or indeterminate subtype. Significant positive correlations were found between KPPS-BG total score and modified H&Y, Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III. Conclusions The KPPS-BG constitutes a reliable, comprehensive and useful tool for pain assessment in native Bulgarian patients with Parkinson’s disease.

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Exploring test retest reliability and longitudinal stability of digital biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease in the m-Power dataset (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.26608 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mehran Sahandi Far ◽

Simon B. Eickhoff ◽

Maria Goni ◽

Juergen Dukart

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Smart Devices ◽

Longitudinal Stability ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Medication Effects ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Digital Biomarkers

BACKGROUND Digital biomarkers (DB) as captured using sensors embedded in modern smart devices are a promising technology for home-based symptom monitoring in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Despite extensive application in recent studies test-retest reliability and longitudinal stability of DB has not been well addressed in this context. OBJECTIVE We utilized the large-scale m-Power dataset to establish the test-retest reliability and longitudinal stability of gait, balance, voice and tapping tasks in an unsupervised and self-administered daily life setting in PD patients and healthy volunteers. METHODS Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were computed to estimate the test-retest reliability of features that also differentiate between PD and healthy volunteers. In addition, we tested for longitudinal stability of DB measures in PD and HC as well as for their sensitivity to PD medication effects. RESULTS Among the features differing between PD and HC, only few tapping and voice features had good to excellent test-retest reliabilities and medium to large effect sizes. All other features performed poorly in this respect. Only few features were sensitive to medication effects. The longitudinal analyses revealed significant alterations over time across a variety of features and in particular for the tapping task. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the need for further development of more standardized, sensitive and reliable DB for application in self-administered remote studies in PD patients. Motivational, learning and other confounds may cause a variation in performance that needs to be considered in DB longitudinal applications. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

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Exploring test retest reliability and longitudinal stability of digital biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease in the m-Power dataset

10.1101/2020.12.16.20247122 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mehran Sahandi Far ◽

Simon B. Eickhoff ◽

María Goñi ◽

Juergen Dukart

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Smart Devices ◽

Longitudinal Stability ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Medication Effects ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Digital Biomarkers

AbstractBackgroundDigital biomarkers (DB) as captured using sensors embedded in modern smart devices are a promising technology for home-based symptom monitoring in Parkinson’s disease (PD).ObjectiveDespite extensive application in recent studies test-retest reliability and longitudinal stability of DB has not been well addressed in this context. We utilized the large-scale m-Power dataset to establish the test-retest reliability and longitudinal stability of gait, balance, voice and tapping tasks in an unsupervised and self-administered daily life setting in PD patients and healthy volunteers.MethodsIntraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were computed to estimate the test-retest reliability of features that also differentiate between PD and healthy volunteers. In addition, we tested for longitudinal stability of DB measures in PD and HC as well as for their sensitivity to PD medication effects.ResultsAmong the features differing between PD and HC, only few tapping and voice features had good to excellent test-retest reliabilities and medium to large effect sizes. All other features performed poorly in this respect. Only few features were sensitive to medication effects. The longitudinal analyses revealed significant alterations over time across a variety of features and in particular for the tapping task.ConclusionsThese results indicate the need for further development of more standardized, sensitive and reliable DB for application in self-administered remote studies in PD patients. Motivational, learning and other confounds may cause a variation in performance that needs to be considered in DB longitudinal applications.

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Translation, adaptation and validation of the Bulgarian version of the King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale

10.21203/rs.3.rs-256649/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Galina Stoyanova-Piroth ◽

Ivan Milanov ◽

Katerina Stambolieva

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Pain Scale ◽

Radicular Pain ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Nocturnal Pain ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Introduction:The purpose of the present study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale (KPPS) into Bulgarian and to investigate its psychometric properties in order to provide a validated Parkinson’s disease-specific pain instrument in Bulgarian language (KPPS-BG).Methods:Translation into Bulgarian and a cultural adaptation were performed to obtain KPPS-BG. A total of 162 patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease were screened for pain using the complementary to the KPPS questionnaire-King’s Parkinson's Disease Pain Questionnaire (KPPQ). KPPS-BG domain and total scores were calculated and internal consistency, construct validity and test-retest reliability were examined for 129 patients having one or more positive items in the KPPQ-BG.Results:79.6% of the patients reported one or more types of pain. The most common type was musculoskeletal pain (83.7%), followed by nocturnal pain (55.0%), fluctuation-related pain (50.1%), radicular pain (43.4%), chronic pain (31.0%), discoloration, edema/swelling (27.1%) and, oro-facial pain (14.3%). Mean KPPS-BG total score was 21.1±17.3 SD. KPPS-BG showed a good reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.75). The test-retest reliability of the KPPS-BG was high and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.92, demonstrating а good repeatability. KPPS-BG total score was higher in patients with postural instability gait difficulty motor subtype, compared to tremor-dominant or indeterminate subtype. Significant positive correlations were found between KPPS-BG total score and modified H&Y, Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III.Conclusion:The KPPS-BG constitutes a reliable, comprehensive and useful tool for pain assessment in native Bulgarian patients with Parkinson’s disease.

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Cross-cultural adaptation of the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire-Brazil in Parkinson’s disease

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0396 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Walter Luis Teixeira ALVES ◽

Iza de FARIA-FORTINI ◽

Ana Carolina Daher Ribas GALVÃO ◽

Francisco Eduardo Costa CARDOSO ◽

Paula Luciana SCALZO

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Altman Plot ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Bland Altman Plot ◽

Culturally Adapted ◽

Test Retest Reliability

ABSTRACT Background: Culturally adapted measures to assess the performance of activities of daily living (ADL) in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are limited in Brazil. Objective: To adapt the ADL Questionnaire to the Brazilian culture and to analyze its reproducibility in individuals with PD. Methods: The ADL Questionnaire was translated and cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese language. Reproducibility was analyzed using test-retest reliability and agreement values. The test-retest reliability of the individual items and total scores were calculated. The limits of agreement were verified using the Bland-Altman plot. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MDC) were calculated. Patients who were classified on a score of 1–4 on the modified Hoehn and Yahr scale were eligible. Results: No divergence was identified between the original and the adapted version, which demonstrated adequate semantic and conceptual equivalence. The Bland-Altman plot showed no systematic changes in the mean test-retest scores. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.93–0.99), and all individual items showed good levels of reliability (>0.60). The SEM (SEM%) and MDC (MDC%) values were 3.0 (6.75%) and 8.2 (18.7%), respectively. These values are within the recommended values. Conclusions: The ADL-Brazil Questionnaire is a reliable instrument to be used for clinical and research purposes to assess self-perceptions of ADL performance in individuals with PD.

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Quantitative EEG and Cognitive Decline in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.1155/2016/9060649 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Vitalii V. Cozac ◽

Ute Gschwandtner ◽

Florian Hatz ◽

Martin Hardmeier ◽

Stephan Rüegg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Neuropsychological Testing ◽

Quantitative Eeg ◽

Learning Effects ◽

Cognitive States ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Cognitive decline is common with the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Different candidate biomarkers are currently studied for the risk of dementia in PD. Several studies have shown that quantitative EEG (QEEG) is a promising predictor of PD-related cognitive decline. In this paper we briefly outline the basics of QEEG analysis and analyze the recent publications addressing the predictive value of QEEG in the context of cognitive decline in PD. The MEDLINE database was searched for relevant publications from January 01, 2005, to March 02, 2015. Twenty-four studies reported QEEG findings in various cognitive states in PD. Spectral and connectivity markers of QEEG could help to discriminate between PD patients with different level of cognitive decline. QEEG variables correlate with tools for cognitive assessment over time and are associated with significant hazard ratios to predict PD-related dementia. QEEG analysis shows high test-retest reliability and avoids learning effects associated with some neuropsychological testing; it is noninvasive and relatively easy to repeat.

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Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale-2

Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.1155/2021/2015123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Mohammad Taghi Joghataei ◽

Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad ◽

Maryam Mehdizadeh ◽

Sepideh Goudarzi ◽

Sayed Amir Hasan Habibi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Persian Version ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Objective. Sleep problems are nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease that should be carefully evaluated for better management and treatment. Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS-2) is one of the most reliable tools for measuring sleep difficulties in people with Parkinson’s disease. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Persian version of PDSS-2. Methods. Four hundred and fifty-six people with Parkinson’s disease with a mean age ±standard deviation of 60.7 ± 11.3 years were engaged in this study. Acceptability was assessed by floor and ceiling effects. Dimensionality was measured by exploratory factor analysis. The convergent validity of PDSS-2 with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was assessed. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed with Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Results. No noticeable ceiling and floor effect was detected. The dimensionality analysis showed three factors. A high correlation was obtained between PDSS-2 and HADS (anxiety subscale). Excellent internal consistency with α = 0.94, and good test-retest reliability with ICC = 0.89 were obtained. Conclusion. This study showed that the Persian version of Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale has acceptable validity and reliability for measuring sleep disturbances in people with Parkinson’s disease.

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Test–Retest Reliability of the Mini-BESTest in People With Mild to Moderate Multiple Sclerosis

Physical Therapy ◽

10.1093/ptj/pzab045 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A Wallin ◽

M Kierkegaard ◽

E Franzén ◽

S Johansson

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Measurement Errors ◽

Balance Control ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Minimal Detectable Change ◽

Detectable Change ◽

Limits Of Agreement ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Objective The mini-BESTest is a balance measure for assessment of the underlying physiological systems for balance control in adults. Evaluations of test–retest reliability of the mini-BESTest in larger samples of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate test–retest reliability of the mini-BESTest total and section sum scores and individual items in people with mild to moderate overall MS disability. Methods This study used a test–retest design in a movement laboratory setting. Fifty-four people with mild to moderate overall MS disability according to the Expanded Disability Status scale (EDSS) were included, with 28 in the mild subgroup (EDSS 2.0–3.5) and 26 in the moderate subgroup (EDSS 4.0–5.5). Test–retest reliability of the mini-BESTest was evaluated by repeated measurements taken 1 week apart. Reliability and measurement error were analyzed. Results Test–retest reliability for the total scores were considered good to excellent, with intraclass correlation coefficients of .88 for the whole sample, .83 for the mild MS subgroup, and .80 for the moderate MS subgroup. Measurement errors were small, with standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change of 1.3 and 3.5, respectively, in mild MS, and 1.7 and 4.7, respectively, in moderate MS. The limits of agreement were − 3.4 and 4.6. Test–retest reliability for the section scores were fair to good or excellent; weighted kappa values ranged from .62 to .83. All items but 1 showed fair to good or excellent test–retest reliability, and percentage agreement ranged from 61% to 100%. Conclusions The mini-BESTest demonstrated good to excellent test–retest reliability and small measurement errors and is recommended for use in people with mild to moderate MS. Impact Knowledge of limits of agreement and minimal detectable change contribute to interpretability of the mini-BESTest total score. The findings of this study enhance the clinical usefulness of the test for evaluation of balance control and for designing individually customized balance training with high precision and accuracy in people with MS.

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A Comparison of Pain between Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple System Atrophy: A Clinical Cross-Sectional Survey

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2019/3150306 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

He-Yang You ◽

Lei Wu ◽

Hai-Ting Yang ◽

Chen Yang ◽

Xiao-Ling Ding

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Multiple System Atrophy ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Disease Rating ◽

Vas Scores

Background. Pain is frequent in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Parkinson-plus syndrome. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, characteristics, therapy (especially the effect of dopaminergic therapy), and associated symptoms of pain in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients. Methods. Seventy-one PD patients, sixty-five MSA patients, and forty age-matched healthy controls were enrolled and evaluated by using the German pain questionnaire and visual analogue scale (VAS). In addition, the influence of pain in PD patients on anxiety, depression, and the quality of life was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). Results. Compared to that of the healthy controls, the PD and MSA patients had a significantly higher presence of pain (P<0.01, P<0.01). PD patients had a higher presence of pain than MSA patients (P=0.007). No difference in VAS scores was observed between the PD and MSA patients (P=0.148). A total of 21 PD patients (42.85%) with pain and 13 MSA patients (43.33%) with pain received treatment. A total of 13 PD patients with pain and 6 MSA patients with pain had an improved pain intensity after using dopaminergic medication. The differences in the disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr stages, and scores on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor score, HAD-D, HAD-A, and PDQ-39 were significant between the PD patients with and without pain. Conclusion. PD and MSA patients are prone to pain with insufficient treatment. Pain interventions should be provided as soon as possible to improve the patient’s life.

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