Violence Against Women in Yemen: Official Statistics and an Exploratory Survey

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ba-Obaid ◽  
Catrien C.J.H. Bijleveld
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Exploratory Survey ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Violent Victimisation

This article presents official statistics on violence against women in Yemen, as a threshold indicator of victimization incidence. Next, we present the findings from an exploratory survey into the prevalence of violent victimisation among a stratified sample of 120 women in Sana' a. We distinguish several kinds of violence. It appears that over half of the interviewed women have been threatened at some point in their lives, 55% have been abused physically, 34% have been victimized financially, and 17% are victims of sexual violence. Only 28% had not suffered at least one kind of violence. Older, married or divorced, and less educated women are at higher risk of victimisation. For those women who had been victimized, the husband was most often the perpetrator, although strangers also contributed sizeably to overall victimization. Most women report psychological damage as a consequence of the abuse and hardly ever seek help from the police. Additional qualitative findings show that many women regard the violence they have suffered as ordinary, and many regard society as being in principle against them and favouring men. We end with policy recommendations as well as recommendations for future research.

Violence against women in India: an integrative review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Kumar ◽  
Margaret A. Schmuhl
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Women In India ◽  
Stall Prevention

Violence against women (VAW) is a prevalent social problem within and outside of the home. This is particularly the case for women living in societies that promote patriarchal ideologies, such as India. Using content analysis and an integrative review approach, this study focuses on the following goals: 1) to examine the state and nature of the recent research available on VAW in India, 2) to understand the significant predictors and outcomes of such violence, 3) to synthesise and document the policy and prevention recommendations by scholars, and 4) analyse the barriers that justify or promote such behaviour and stall prevention efforts. The study criteria include articles published between 2014 and 2018, in English, those articles that have undergone original research in peer-reviewed journals and focused on VAW in India. A total of 49 studies were included and the results indicate that much of the research is quantitative in nature, demographic and familial factors were often identified as predictors of VAW in India, and VAW was often related to health-related outcomes. Further, various policy recommendations and barriers were identified by scholars examining VAW in India.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Research on VAW in India is often quantitative, cross-sectional, non-comparative in nature and limited to investigations of domestic violence, overlooking other types of research methods and violence women experience.</li><br /><li>Considering policy recommendations and barriers to address VAW in India, empowerment alone cannot result in long-lasting changes, gender-bias norms must evolve to address the issue of VAW in India.</li><br /><li>Future research on VAW in India should examine the experiences of such violence against vulnerable and marginalised populations such as sex workers, and sexual, religious and ethnic minorities.</li></ul>

scholarly journals Sexual Violence against Women in Germany: Prevalence and Risk Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah F. Hellmann ◽  
Max W. Kinninger ◽  
Sören Kliem
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Conditional Inference ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
German Population ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Parental Violence

Previous research has repeatedly shown that gender-based violence affects a considerable proportion of women in any given population. Apart from providing current estimates of the prevalence of sexual violence against women in Germany, we identified specific risk markers applying an advanced statistical method. We analyzed data from a survey of N = 4450 women representative of the German population, conducted by the Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony in 2011. Lifetime prevalence for experiencing sexual violence was 5.4% for women aged 21−40 years (five-year prevalence: 2.5%). Non-parametric conditional inference tree (C-Tree) analyses revealed that physical and sexual abuse during childhood as well as being divorced, separated, or widowed was the most informative constellation of risk markers, increasing the five-year prevalence rate of experienced sexual violence victimizations up to 17.0%. Furthermore, knowing about the official penalization of marital rape was related to a lower victimization risk for women without a history of parental violence. Possible explanations for these findings as well as implications for future research are critically discussed.

scholarly journals What do we know about the impact of sexual violence on health and health behaviour of women in Estonia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedda Lippus ◽  
Made Laanpere ◽  
Kai Part ◽  
Inge Ringmets ◽  
Helle Karro
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Sexual violence against women is a major public health issue and a breach of human rights. Although various consequences of sexual violence on health have been described in a large number of scientific publications, very little is known about this topic in Estonia. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of sexual violence and associations between exposure to sexual violence and risky health and sexual behaviours among women in Estonia. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Estonia in 2014. Self-reported data regarding selected indicators of risky health and sexual behaviours were collected from 1670 women, aged 18–44 years, via a self-administered questionnaire. To measure the prevalence of sexual violence, questions from the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire were included. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Results Of the respondents, 22.7% (n = 379) reported being exposed to sexual violence during their lifetime, and over half of these women had had these experiences before the age of 18. Statistically significant associations were found between sexual violence and smoking (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.32, 95% CI 1.03–1.70), alcohol consumption (AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.18–1.95), illicit drug use (AOR 2.21, 95% CI 1.70–2.89), sexual intercourse for money or other material reward (AOR 3.51, 95% CI 1.62–7.61), concurrent sexual relationships (AOR 2.64; 95% CI 1.80–3.86), and being diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (AOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.09–2.01). Conclusions In Estonia, sexual violence against women is widespread and is associated with several risky health and sexual behaviours. Efforts should be made, both among the general public and professionals, to raise awareness regarding the prevalence and negative impact of sexual violence. Women who have been exposed to sexual violence are in need of professional medical, legal and psychological help free from prejudice to help them recover from such traumatic events.

scholarly journals Violence against Amazon women

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-973
Author(s):  
Vera Lúcia de Azevedo Lima ◽  
Maria de Lourdes de Souza ◽  
Marisa Monticelli ◽  
Marília de Fátima Vieira de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Benedito Marinho de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Amazon Women ◽  
Regional Newspaper

This quantitative and exploratory study analyzed violence against Amazon women presented in print media according to type and severity, and whether aggressors fell under the Maria da Penha law. A total of 181 issues of a regional newspaper were consulted. Based on content analysis, 164 items addressing violence against women were selected and 46 were included in the corpus of analysis. Results were gathered in three thematic groups: women killed with cruelty, sexual violence against women regardless of age, and violence against women and the limitations of the Maria da Penha law. Violence against these women varied in terms of form and severity, including up to homicide. Women are submitted to sexual violence from childhood through adulthood. The enforcement of this law shows the community it has a means to cope with this social phenomenon.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Sexual Violence in Migrants, Applicants for International Protection, and Refugees in Europe: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis of the Evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte De Schrijver ◽  
Tom Vander Beken ◽  
Barbara Krahé ◽  
Ines Keygnaert
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Critical Interpretive Synthesis ◽  
Definition Of

(1) Background: Sexual violence (SV) is a major public health problem, with negative socio-economic, physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health consequences. Migrants, applicants for international protection, and refugees (MARs) are vulnerable to SV. Since many European countries are seeing high migratory pressure, the development of prevention strategies and care paths focusing on victimised MARs is highly needed. To this end, this study reviews evidence on the prevalence of SV among MAR groups in Europe and the challenges encountered in research on this topic. (2) Methods: A critical interpretive synthesis of 25 peer-reviewed academic studies and 22 relevant grey literature documents was conducted based on a socio-ecological model. (3) Results: Evidence shows that SV is highly frequent in MARs in Europe, yet comparison with other groups is still difficult. Methodologically and ethically sound representative studies comparing between populations are still lacking. Challenges in researching SV in MARs are located at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, community, societal, and policy levels. (4) Conclusions: Future research should start with a clear definition of the concerned population and acts of SV to generate comparable data. Participatory qualitative research approaches could be applied to better grasp the complexity of interplaying determinants of SV in MARs.

scholarly journals Disclosure and Production in Sexual Violence Cases: Situating Stinchcombe

1969 ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Jennifer Koshan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Supreme Court Of Canada ◽  
Appellate Courts ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Trial Judges ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exercise Of Discretion ◽  
Case Basis

This article examines the issue of disclosure and the legacy of Stinchcombe through a review of the history of disclosure and production in criminal sexual assault proceedings and an analysis of judicial decisions and legislative enactments in this context. The author presents a feminist analysis of the tension between those representing the rights of accused persons who seek to access a complainant's personal records and the voices of equality-seeking and anti-violence groups that challenge stereotypes about sexual violence against women. The author presents a comprehensive review of the louver court decisions in production applications since the Supreme Court of Canada decision in R. v. Mills. The author concludes that while Bill C-46 and Mills are positive developments, a great deal of discretion is left to trial judges to decide on the merits of production on a case-by-case basis, and such decisions are granted much deference by appellate courts. The exercise of discretion may encourage the application of stereotypes about women and sexual violence and is the reason an absolute ban on production is preferred by women's and anti- violence groups.

scholarly journals Community-Based Recovery for Sexual Violence Victims: The Case of Hapsari

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atikah Rahmi ◽  
Hotma Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Grassroots Organization ◽  
Social Violence ◽  
Recovery Mechanism ◽  
The North ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Sexual Abuse Victims ◽  
Community Based Services

Sexual abuse victims experienced physical, psychological, economic and social violence, which lead to trauma. However, there has been no systematic policy to support their recovery. This paper argues for the need for a recovery mechanism system for sexual violence victims, as implemented by Hapsari. This study employs a qualitative approach, with interviews as the means to obtain data. Subjects in this research included women and children in the North Sumatera. This research finds out that community-based recovery has a significant impact on the victims, and is able to empower them to be independent in making a decision and blend with society. As a grassroots organization, Hapsari supports community-based services to reduce violence against women and children, protect victims and gather supports for the sustainability of recovery services. Apart from this, the state should also participate in protecting those people, especially in terms of policy and regulations.

scholarly journals Physical, sexual and psychological intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence against women and girls: a systematic review protocol for producing global, regional and country estimates

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045574
Author(s):  
Heidi Stöckl ◽  
Lynnmarie Sardinha ◽  
Mathieu Maheu-Giroux ◽  
Sarah R Meyer ◽  
Claudia García-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Forms Of Violence

IntroductionIn 2013, the WHO published the first global and regional estimates on physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and non-partner sexual violence (NPSV) based on a systematic review of population-based prevalence studies. In this protocol, we describe a new systematic review for the production of updated estimates for IPV and NPSV for global monitoring of violence against women, including providing the baseline for measuring Sustainable Development Goal to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls.Methods and analysisThe systematic review will update and extend the previous search for population-based surveys (either nationally or subnationally representative) conducted among women aged 15+ years that measured the prevalence of physical, sexual, psychological and physical and/or sexual IPV, NPSV or sexual violence by any perpetrator up to December 2019. Data will be extracted separately for all age groups, setting (urban/rural), partnership status (currently partnered/ever partnered/all women) and recall period (lifetime prevalence/past 12 months). Studies will be identified from electronic searches of online databases of EMBASE, MEDLINE, Global Health and PsycInfo. A search of national statistics office homepages will be conducted for each country to identify reports on population-based, national or subnational studies that include data on IPV or NPSV published outside academic journals. Two reviewers will be involved in quality assessment and data extraction of the review. The review is planned to be updated on a continuous basis. All findings will undergo a country consultation process.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required, as primary data will not be collected. This systematic review will provide a basis and a follow-up tool for global monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goal Target 5.2 on the elimination of all forms of violence against women and girls.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017054100.

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