Violence against women in India: an integrative review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Kumar ◽  
Margaret A. Schmuhl
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Women In India ◽  
Stall Prevention

Violence against women (VAW) is a prevalent social problem within and outside of the home. This is particularly the case for women living in societies that promote patriarchal ideologies, such as India. Using content analysis and an integrative review approach, this study focuses on the following goals: 1) to examine the state and nature of the recent research available on VAW in India, 2) to understand the significant predictors and outcomes of such violence, 3) to synthesise and document the policy and prevention recommendations by scholars, and 4) analyse the barriers that justify or promote such behaviour and stall prevention efforts. The study criteria include articles published between 2014 and 2018, in English, those articles that have undergone original research in peer-reviewed journals and focused on VAW in India. A total of 49 studies were included and the results indicate that much of the research is quantitative in nature, demographic and familial factors were often identified as predictors of VAW in India, and VAW was often related to health-related outcomes. Further, various policy recommendations and barriers were identified by scholars examining VAW in India.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Research on VAW in India is often quantitative, cross-sectional, non-comparative in nature and limited to investigations of domestic violence, overlooking other types of research methods and violence women experience.</li><br /><li>Considering policy recommendations and barriers to address VAW in India, empowerment alone cannot result in long-lasting changes, gender-bias norms must evolve to address the issue of VAW in India.</li><br /><li>Future research on VAW in India should examine the experiences of such violence against vulnerable and marginalised populations such as sex workers, and sexual, religious and ethnic minorities.</li></ul>

scholarly journals Abdominal pain: a survey of clinically important outcomes for future research

CJEM ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Mills ◽  
Anthony J. Dean ◽  
Judd E. Hollander ◽  
Esther H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Clinically Significant

ABSTRACT Objective: We aimed to use the consensus opinion of a group of expert emergency physicians to derive a set of emergency diagnoses for acute abdominal pain that might be used as clinically significant outcomes for future research. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of emergency physicians with expertise in abdominal pain. These experts were authors of textbook chapters, peer-reviewed original research with a focus on abdominal pain or widely published clinical guidelines. Respondents were asked to categorize 50 possible diagnoses of acute abdominal pain into 1 of 3 categories: 1) unacceptable not to diagnose on the first emergency department (ED) visit; 2) although optimal to diagnose on first visit, failure to diagnose would not be expected to have serious adverse consequences provided the patient had follow-up within the next 2–7 days; 3) if not diagnosed during the first visit, unlikely to cause long-term risk to the patient provided the patient had follow-up within the next 1–2 months. Standard descriptive statistical analysis was used to summarize survey data. Results: Thirty emergency physicians completed the survey. Of 50 total diagnoses, 16 were categorized as “unacceptable not to diagnose in the ED” with greater than 85% agreement, and 12 were categorized as “acceptable not to diagnose in the ED” with greater than 85% agreement. Conclusion: Our study identifies a set of abdominal pain conditions considered by expert emergency physicians to be clinically important to diagnose during the initial ED visit. These diseases may be used as “clinically significant” outcomes for future research on abdominal pain.

scholarly journals What impact have Covid-19 pandemic era on violence against women in India from January 2020 to December 2021- A Retrospective Research study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women In India

BackgroundThe safety of women is of significance and prime concern in India due to a huge female population, equity issues, gender issues, lack of positive deviance at community level, illiteracy, socio-economic factors, migration from rural to urban areas, inaccessibility to legal help and of course many more factors. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had presented a challenge even for developed nations around the world regarding women’s protection in the ongoing pandemic era &amp; especially in the lockdown period when it’s really difficult to go out and shout for help. Aim and ObjectivesThe main aim of this research is to find out impact of SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 Pandemic on violence against women in India across different states and union territories from the beginning of pandemic i.e. January 2020. The objective is to find out that the covid-19 era has a positive or negative impact over violence against women. Data from various accredited sources were continuously collected, observed and analysed for this research study. Settings &amp; DesignThe month-wise and state-wise data indicating number of complaints registered with National Commission for Women in India(NCW) under different categories are presented in different table 1, 2, 3, 4,5,6,7,8 will be discussed and displayed. The period of study is from January 2018 to 2021 December. This is a retrospective cross-sectional continuous observational qualitative and quantitative as well as comparative study. The two years of covid-19 pandemic i.e. 2020 and 2021 is compared two previous two years to know the impact of covid-19 on violence against women in India.Materials &amp; MethodologyThe data is collected from accredited and reliable sources of National commission for women, India as well as various other sources listed in this research study. The data obtained is analysed by using Microsoft Office software. ResultIncrease in violence against women in India is seen in this covid-19 pandemic era as compared to pre-pandemic years under observation. See Figure 1 and figure 2:- comparison of number of cases of domestic violence and various forms of violence to know the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and lockdown situations in India. During the second year of pandemic i.e. 2021 the total numbers of Nature-Wise Report of the Complaints Received by NCW was 30865 which is an increase by 55.03 % compared to 2018 and 56.43 % as compared to 2019.ConclusionIndia should have various strategies to ensure safety of women and their mental health issues in such pandemic like situations. It seems that present laws and regulations are insufficient to give the desired results. The barriers of legal and protective system and delivery of helpful services etc. constraints should be rectified added with a proper dynamic plan to carry on usual women protection services even in pandemics and natural disasters. Keywords- SARS-CoV-2, pandemic, violence, women, lockdown, domestic abuse,

Violence Against Women in Yemen: Official Statistics and an Exploratory Survey

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ba-Obaid ◽  
Catrien C.J.H. Bijleveld
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Exploratory Survey ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Violent Victimisation

This article presents official statistics on violence against women in Yemen, as a threshold indicator of victimization incidence. Next, we present the findings from an exploratory survey into the prevalence of violent victimisation among a stratified sample of 120 women in Sana' a. We distinguish several kinds of violence. It appears that over half of the interviewed women have been threatened at some point in their lives, 55% have been abused physically, 34% have been victimized financially, and 17% are victims of sexual violence. Only 28% had not suffered at least one kind of violence. Older, married or divorced, and less educated women are at higher risk of victimisation. For those women who had been victimized, the husband was most often the perpetrator, although strangers also contributed sizeably to overall victimization. Most women report psychological damage as a consequence of the abuse and hardly ever seek help from the police. Additional qualitative findings show that many women regard the violence they have suffered as ordinary, and many regard society as being in principle against them and favouring men. We end with policy recommendations as well as recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Go soft or go home? A review of empirical studies on the role of self-compassion in the competitive sport setting

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Röthlin
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Competitive Sport ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Study Results

Self-compassion describes a supportive attitude towards oneself. Research outside the sport context suggests that self-compassion might be beneficial in terms of psychological processes that are helpful for athletic performance. At the same time, there are reasons to assume that athletes may fear a negative influence of SC on their self-improvement motivation. Therefore, it seemed worthwhile to clarify the role of self-compassion in the competitive sport setting by reviewing the current research. A literature search was conducted using PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PSYNDEX, and SPORTDiscus. Eligibility criteria were peer-reviewed publication, publication in English, original research and research investigating self-compassion in competitive athletes. From 17 publications that met the inclusion criteria, we identified 19 studies, most of which were quantitative, employing a cross-sectional design. Additionally, we found only one intervention study, one experimental study and four qualitative studies using interviews. We provided an integrative narrative description of the study aims, hypotheses, methodological characteristics and study results. Based on the reviewed findings we concluded that future research should relate their research question more often to existing theoretical models and that more intervention and longitudinal studies are needed. Thus far, qualitative studies highlight the potential ambivalence of athletes towards SC. Quantitative research indicates that SC is beneficial for athletes’ well-being and their ability to deal with adversities in sports, whereas the role of self-compassion for self-improvement motivation remains unclear.

scholarly journals The effect of stress and depression on quality of life of pharmacy students in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
pp. 323-333
Author(s):  
Ali Blebil ◽  
Juman Dujaili ◽  
Ali Haider Mohammed ◽  
Cheng Mun Cheong ◽  
Yishuan Hoo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of stress and depression among pharmacy students, evaluate their health related quality of life (HRQoL) in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among pharmacy students at eight universities from March to May 2020 across Malaysia. Instruments adopted in the survey included perceived stress scale 4 (PSS-4) for stress, patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression and WHOQOL-BREF for health-related quality of life. Results: A total of 441 students participated in the study. The overall PSS-4 score mean was 7.30 and the differences in PHQ-9 scores mean between public and private universities were not significant. A positive correlation was observed between total PSS-4 scores and PHQ-9 scores. Only 24.5% of pharmacy students reported a good quality of life, with a median score of 96.00. A Significant negative correlation was found between stress and depression against the quality of life. Conclusions: Stress and depression play a significant role in deteriorating the quality of life of pharmacy students. This highlighted the importance of future research in developing useful interventions to improve the quality of life of university students, especially students from the medical and health science fields.

scholarly journals Nursing and Antimicrobial Stewardship: An Unacknowledged and Underutilized Focal Point

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Change Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Provider Perspectives

Background: Nurses have the ability to play an important role in patient safety related to antibiotic use and overuse but are often not involved in antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). Therefore, nurses need to be educated and trained in antimicrobial stewardship (AS) so that they can more competently contribute to safe patient care. Lewin’s change theory may be utilized as a framework for understanding the integration of nurses into these efforts. Objective of the Study: This integrative review is intended to explore the role of nurses in AS and discuss the importance of nurses needing to be educated, trained, and competent in this so that they can become more actively involved in such programs. Methodology: Articles were gathered from the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Google Scholar from June 2015 to December 2019. A five-year time frame was implemented to ensure that the most current information was included. Seventeen peer reviewed, written in English, original research studies that met the inclusion criteria (from the original 107 studies) and conducted in Australia, Canada, Scotland, South Africa, and the United States were included in this review. Results: The identified 17 recent studies focused on nursing and AS. Six major themes emerged, including nurses’ competency requirements and training related to AS, antimicrobial knowledge and educational gaps, perceived role of the nurse, nurses’ attitudes toward antimicrobial use, nurse and provider perspectives on ASPs, and nurses’ valuable contributions to AS. Discussion: This integrative review found that including nurses in AS would benefit ASPs and that finding ways for facilities to organize and implement such efforts is vital. This ties into the first stage of Lewin’s change theory of “unfreezing” and recognizing that the current (or old) way of practicing is in need of change. The literature reviewed provides evidence that nurses have the capacity to be an integral part of any ASPs and that they can help combat antimicrobial resistance in myriad ways when provided the necessary training and education. All studies reviewed found positive aspects to having nurse representation. However, there are gaps in antimicrobial based knowledge on the part of the nurses. Limitations: The limitations of this integrative review include the fact that the publications used were limited to a five-year timeframe and came specifically from nursing journals or have at least one nurse author contributor. Also, the current review included five international studies where the nurses’ scope and standards of practice may be different from those in the United States. A search of the grey literature reports related to AS was not conducted and could have provided additional valuable information as well. Conclusion and Recommendations: Nursing participation is needed in all ASPs. Empowering and educating nurses to feel confident and competent in this role will help to mitigate the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials. The ASPs most likely vary from institution to institution and future research should provide a framework for how to best disseminate information to nurses. Keywords: Antimicrobial Stewardship, Antibiotic Training, Nurses

The Oxford Handbook of Ethnographies of Crime and Criminal Justice

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Stellar Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Crime And Criminal Justice

The Oxford Handbook of Ethnographies of Crime and Criminal Justice provides critical and current reviews of key research topics, issues, and debates that crime ethnographers have been grappling with for over a century. Despite its long and distinguished history in the social sciences, ethnographies in criminology are still relatively rare. Over the years, however, ethnographers in the United States and abroad have amassed an impressive body of work on core criminological topics and groups, including gang members, sex workers, drug dealers, and drug users. Ethnographies on criminal justice institutions have also flourished, with studies on police, courts, and prisons providing deep insights into how these organizations operate and shape the lives of people who encounter them. This volume brings together a stellar group of ethnographers to discuss various research traditions that crime ethnographers have adopted, the ethical and pragmatic challenges associated with conducting crime-related fieldwork, relevant policy recommendations for practitioners in the field, and areas of future research for budding crime ethnographers. In addition to exhaustive overview chapters, the handbook also presents case studies that serve as exemplars for how ethnographic inquiry can contribute to our understanding of crime and criminal justice related topics.

scholarly journals What impact have Covid-19 pandemic era on violence against women in India - A retrospective comparative research study from January 2018 to December 2021

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women In India

BackgroundThe safety of women is of significance and prime concern in India due to a huge female population, equity issues, gender issues, lack of positive deviance at community level, illiteracy, socio-economic factors, migration from rural to urban areas, inaccessibility to legal help and of course many more factors. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had presented a challenge even for developed nations around the world regarding women’s protection in the ongoing pandemic era &amp; especially in the lockdown period when it’s really difficult to go out and shout for help. Aim and ObjectivesThe main aim of this research is to find out impact of SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 Pandemic on violence against women in India across different states and union territories from the beginning of pandemic i.e. January 2020. The objective is to find out that the covid-19 era has a positive or negative impact over violence against women. Data from various accredited sources were continuously collected, observed and analysed for this research study. Settings &amp; DesignThe month-wise and state-wise data indicating number of complaints registered with National Commission for Women in India(NCW) under different categories are presented in different table 1, 2, 3, 4,5,6,7,8 will be discussed and displayed. The period of study is from January 2018 to 2021 December. This is a retrospective cross-sectional continuous observational qualitative and quantitative as well as comparative study. The two years of covid-19 pandemic i.e. 2020 and 2021 is compared two previous two years to know the impact of covid-19 on violence against women in India.Materials &amp; MethodologyThe data is collected from accredited and reliable sources of National commission for women, India as well as various other sources listed in this research study. The data obtained is analysed by using Microsoft Office software. To reduce the length of article the detailed description and analysis is not provided in this version.ResultIncrease in violence against women in India is seen in this covid-19 pandemic era as compared to pre-pandemic years under observation. See Figure 1 and figure 2:- comparison of number of cases of domestic violence and various forms of violence to know the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and lockdown situations in India. During the second year of pandemic i.e. 2021 the total numbers of Nature-Wise Report of the Complaints Received by NCW was 30865 which is an increase by 55.03 % compared to 2018 and 56.43 % as compared to 2019.ConclusionIndia should have various strategies to ensure safety of women and their mental health issues in such pandemic like situations. It seems that present laws and regulations are insufficient to give the desired results. The barriers of legal and protective system and delivery of helpful services etc. constraints should be rectified added with a proper dynamic plan to carry on usual women protection services even in pandemics and natural disasters. Keywords- SARS-CoV-2, pandemic, violence, women, lockdown, domestic abuse,

scholarly journals What impact have Covid-19 pandemic era on violence against women in India - A retrospective comparative research study from January 2018 to December 2021

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Kumar ◽  
Advocate Anupama
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women In India

Abstract BackgroundThe safety of women is of significance and prime concern in India due to a huge female population, equity issues, gender issues, lack of positive deviance at community level, illiteracy, socio-economic factors, migration from rural to urban areas, inaccessibility to legal help and of course many more factors. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had presented a challenge even for developed nations around the world regarding women’s protection in the ongoing pandemic era & especially in the lockdown period when it’s really difficult to go out and shout for help. Aim and ObjectivesThe main aim of this research is to find out impact of SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 Pandemic on violence against women in India across different states and union territories from the beginning of pandemic i.e. January 2020. The objective is to find out that the covid-19 era has a positive or negative impact over violence against women. Data from various accredited sources were continuously collected, observed and analysed for this research study. Settings & DesignThe month-wise and state-wise data indicating number of complaints registered with National Commission for Women in India(NCW) under different categories are presented in different table 1, 2, 3, 4,5,6,7,8 will be discussed and displayed. The period of study is from January 2018 to 2021 December. This is a retrospective cross-sectional continuous observational qualitative and quantitative as well as comparative study. The two years of covid-19 pandemic i.e. 2020 and 2021 is compared two previous two years to know the impact of covid-19 on violence against women in India.Materials & MethodologyThe data is collected from accredited and reliable sources of National commission for women, India as well as various other sources listed in this research study. The data obtained is analysed by using Microsoft Office software. To reduce the length of article the detailed description and analysis is not provided in this version.ResultIncrease in violence against women in India is seen in this covid-19 pandemic era as compared to pre-pandemic years under observation. See Figure 1 and figure 2:- comparison of number of cases of domestic violence and various forms of violence to know the impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and lockdown situations in India. During the second year of pandemic i.e. 2021 the total numbers of Nature-Wise Report of the Complaints Received by NCW was 30865 which is an increase by 55.03 % compared to 2018 and 56.43 % as compared to 2019.ConclusionIndia should have various strategies to ensure safety of women and their mental health issues in such pandemic like situations. It seems that present laws and regulations are insufficient to give the desired results. The barriers of legal and protective system and delivery of helpful services etc. constraints should be rectified added with a proper dynamic plan to carry on usual women protection services even in pandemics and natural disasters.

scholarly journals Religion and Spirituality Measures in Dementia: An Integrative Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 749-749
Author(s):  
Katherine Britt ◽  
Gayle Acton ◽  
Jung Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Literature documents positive effects of religion and spirituality on health including improved cognitive function, quality of life, and well-being. Extant research suggests that persons living with dementia (PWD) are more likely to have spiritual needs and rely on others to support their spiritual well-being than those without dementia. However, spiritual care is absent or minimally present in dementia care. To effectively address spiritual needs of PWDs, accurate screening and assessment is critical. We conducted an integrative review of the current literature on measures of religion and spiritualty for PWDs by searching five databases (ATLA Religion, CINAHL, PsychInfo, PubMed, and SocIndex) and identified 14 studies that were peer-reviewed original research articles focusing on assessment of religion/spirituality among PWDs and published between 2000-2020 in English. Most were conducted in Europe (n=7), included PWD in mild stage (n=68) from various settings, and were cross-sectional in design (n=8). Of a total of 17 measures identified, 6 were originally developed for the general population and then adapted for PWD, and only 3 were validated for PWD. A majority of the studies were limited in sample size, generalizability, methodological rigor, and measure validation. More research is needed using diverse samples and rigorous study designs to develop valid screening and assessment tools for this population. Improving religious and spiritual measures could greatly impact public health by improving quality of life for millions of individuals suffering from dementia and their caregivers who carry a heavy burden.

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