The debt trap, a shadow pandemic for commercial sex workers: Vulnerability, impact, and action

2021 ◽  
pp. 026975802110355
Author(s):  
Beulah Shekhar
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Occupational Training ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Rapid Assessment Method

This research paper is a stringent analysis of the condition of commercial sex workers in India and what is happening to them in this pandemic-stricken time. The study details their economic condition and what is forcing them to borrow money from treacherous lenders despite knowing the risks behind it. Apart from being exploited financially, they are also becoming vulnerable for sexual, emotional, and physical exploitation, worsening their situation even further. The research findings show that 90% of commercial sex workers in red light areas will be forced into a debt trap that is non-repayable in their lifetime, making it a massive movement of commercial sex workers entering into bonded labour, another form of modern-day slavery. Apart from the financial peril, poverty is forcing them to be in a situation of major health hazard. Being deprived of customers for so long, they might be forced to work in this uncertain situation making it an optimum ground for a super-spread of the virus. A rapid assessment method has been used to collect the data from numerous commercial sex workers across the nation. The collected data are analysed using qualitative analysis and also visualized for better understanding. As a means to provide tangible alternative solutions to the problem, the study strongly recommends occupational training programs for commercial sex workers that provide a transition into alternative livelihoods, government action against predatory high-interest loans, and the redevelopment of red light areas where economic returns can be reinvested into commercial sex worker retraining programs.

scholarly journals PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL TENTANG PENYAKIT MENULAR SEKSUAL DI LOKALISASI BANGUNSARI SURABAYA

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardiansari Wahyu Graha Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Education Access ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Applied Knowledge

Surabaya City Health Department (2010) noted that Health Centers located in red-lightregions have indicated highest number of cases of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).Increased risk of STD spreading relates to behavioral factors such as of the sex workers andtheir partners, reluctance to seek proper treatment, self treatment and incomplete treatmentprotocol. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of applied knowledge andattitudes relating to STDs among commercial sex workers in Bangunsari red-light zone in2012.This research was meant as a descriptive study, where data were collected throughobservation and interviews. The population under study was as many as 255 commercial sexworkers in Bangunsari red-light zone and a sample of 72 sex workers were drawn bysystematic random sampling. Data processing was carried out on the variables usingappropriate computer program set for descriptive analysis.Respondents' level of applied knowledge on Sexually Transmitted Diseases were'good', represented by 34 (47%) respondents, 'fair' represented by 30 (42%) respondents.Their knowledge are influenced by the level of their education, access to media informationand intervention by health workers. With regard to their attitude toward Sexually TransmittedDiseases, commercial sex workers (CSWs) were 'good' as indicated by 67 (93%) respondents,some of them were 'fair' indicated by 4% respondents. Their attitude are influenced by thelevel of their education, access to media information, regular health examination, awareness tostop their occupation knowing the high-risk of the sex workers and the role of health workers.It is recommended that health workers keep up their positive activities such asteaching and training, building on repondents existing skills to encourage commercial sexworkers to improve their knowledge and skills and to leave their present occupation. Effortsshould be made to improve media information on Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) suchas the provision of counseling or pamphlets / leaflets / brochures on a more regular basis andto encourage commercial sex workers (CSW) to be in touch with local health cadres to keep uptheir motivation toward improved health.Keywords : knowledge/ attitude/ commercial sex workers/ Sexually Transmitted Diseases

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN TINGKAT SIMTOM ANSIETAS DAN DEPRESI ANTARA PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL YANG MENDERITA HIV/ AIDS DENGAN YANG TIDAK MENDERITA HIV/ AIDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Rini Gusya Liza ◽  
Elmeida Effendy ◽  
Freddy Subastian
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat simtom ansietas dan depresi antara pekerja seks komersial (PSK) yang menderita HIV/ AIDS dengan yang tidak menderita HIV/ AIDS. Penelitian potong lintang, dengan nonprobability sampling, jenis cluster sampling. Tempat penelitian adalah di lokalisasi Kabupaten Bengkalis dan di klinik VCT RSUD Kecamatan Mandau, Kabupaten Bengkalis. Subjek penelitian adalah wanita yang bekerja sebagai PSK di lokalisasi PSK, kooperatif, bersedia diwawancara. Subjek berjumlah 96 orang PSK; 48 orang menderita HIV/ AIDS dan 48 tidak menderita HIV/ AIDS. Data tentang status HIV/ AIDS diambil dari laporan klinik VCT RSUD Kecamatan Mandau. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Didapatkan proporsi ansietas pada seluruh PSK adalah 22.9%, pada PSK yang menderita HIV/ AIDS 31.2% dan PSK tidak menderita HIV/ AIDS 14.6%, sedangkan proporsi depresi pada seluruh PSK adalah 25%, pada PSK yang menderita HIV/ AIDS 27.1% dan PSK yang tidak menderita HIV/ AIDS 22.9%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna tingkat simtom ansietas dan depresi antara pekerja seks komersial yang menderita HIV/ AIDS dengan yang tidak menderita HIV/ AIDS. Simpulan, didapatkan tingginya ansietas dan depresi pada keseluruhan PSK itu sendiri. Disamping menjadi seorang PSK ditambah lagi dengan menderita HIV/ AIDS akan menambah beratnya simtom ansietas dan depresinya.AbstractThe aims of this study is to determine the differences of anxiety and depression symptoms level between commercial sex workers who suffer HIV/AIDS with not suffer HIV/AIDS.Cross sectional study, using nonprobability sampling technique, the type is cluster sampling. Location is in red light district of commercial sex workers in Kabupaten Bengkalis and in VCT clinic of general hospital of Kecamatan Mandau Kabupaten Bengkalis. Subjects were women who worked as prostitutes in red light district, cooperative, willing to be interviewed. Sample size were 96 women, 48 suffer HIV/ AIDS and 48 not suffer HIV/AIDS. Data on HIV/ AIDS status are collected from the report of VCT clinic of general hospital of Kecamatan Mandau. Measuring instruments is the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Data analysis by using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. It was found the proportion of anxiety in all sex workers is 22.9%, in sex workers who suffer HIV/ AIDS is 31.2% and in sex workers who not suffer HIV/ AIDS is 14.6%. While the proportion of depression in all sex workers is 25%, in sex workers who suffer HIV/ AIDS is 27.1% and in sex workers who not suffer HIV/ AIDS is 22.9%. There was no significant differences the level of anxiety and depression symptoms between commercial sex workers who suffer HIV/ AIDS with not suffer HIV/ AIDS. In conclusion, we get the high proportion of anxiety and depression symptoms among commercial sex workers themselves. Beside to being a prostitute in addition to having HIV / AIDS will increase the severity of symptoms of anxiety and depression.

scholarly journals Condom Use Associated with Hiv Testing History in Commercial Sex Workers in Senegal

2006 ◽  
Vol 163 (suppl_11) ◽  
pp. S194-S194
Author(s):  
C Wang ◽  
S Hawes ◽  
P Sow ◽  
I N'Doye ◽  
A Gueye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers

scholarly journals Rapid Assessment Method of Flood Damage Using Spatial-Statistical Models

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Abdul Hamid Mar Iman ◽  
Edlic Sathiamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
The State ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Rapid Assessment Method ◽  
Spatial Approach

Attention to damage assessment is always a priority especially in cases of natural disaster. The state of Kelantan is known to be one of a few Malaysian states with noticeable natural disaster, in particular, flood. In December 2014, an extraordinary magnitude of flood – nicknamed as yellow flood – struck the state causing hundreds of million ringgit of damage to properties. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a spatial approach to estimating property damage incurred by flood. By selecting a badly affected area, GIS was used to map geo-referenced flood-hit location in Kuala Krai, Kelantan. Flood hazard was modelled and superimposed on estimated property damage. GIS spatial technique was then employed to estimate the flood damage incurred. This study, however, did not make a complete damage assessment of the properties but rather focusing on the methodology of damage assessment to show how it can be implemented. In conclusion, GIS spatial technique can generally be used to provide flood damage rapid assessment method.

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