Weight gain as a prognostic indicator of therapeutic improvement during acute treatment of schizophrenia with placebo or active antipsychotic

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haya Ascher-Svanum ◽  
Michael D. Stensland ◽  
Bruce J. Kinon ◽  
Gary D. Tollefson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Double Blind Trial ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Important Marker

Treatment-emergent weight gain may be a general marker of therapeutic improvement, even when improvements occur in the absence of active antipsychotic treatment. To investigate the association between treatment-emergent weight gain and therapeutic improvement across placebo and active treatments, and to examine the association between reported treatment-emergent weight changes and the treatments’ reported efficacy. Data from a randomized, double-blind trial comparing treatment of schizophrenia with placebo and olanzapine were used to correlate weight change and change in psychopathology. Additionally, we correlated effect sizes of the efficacy of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, haloperidol and placebo (reported in meta-analytical reviews), with their reported weight changes. Weight gain significantly correlated with clinical improvements for placebo and olanzapine. The correlation between treatments’ efficacy and corresponding weight changes was high (r 0.88, p 0.05). Treatment-emergent weight gain appears to be an important marker of symptom reduction, and may not be exclusively attributable to pharmacological perturbations.

scholarly journals Weight change over two years in people prescribed olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone in UK primary care: Cohort study in THIN, a UK primary care database

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1098-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
David PJ Osborn ◽  
Irene Petersen ◽  
Nick Beckley ◽  
Kate Walters ◽  
Irwin Nazareth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Baseline Weight ◽  
Care Database

Background: Follow-up studies of weight gain related to antipsychotic treatment beyond a year are limited in number. We compared weight change in the three most commonly prescribed antipsychotics in a representative UK General Practice database. Method: We conducted a cohort study in United Kingdom primary care records of people newly prescribed olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone. The primary outcome was weight in each six month period for two years after treatment initiation. Weight changes were compared using linear regression, adjusted for age, baseline weight and diagnosis. Results: N = 6338 people received olanzapine, 12,984 quetiapine and 6556 risperidone. Baseline weight was lowest for men treated with olanzapine (80.8 kg versus 83.5 kg quetiapine, 82.0 kg risperidone) and women treated with olanzapine (67.7 kg versus 71.5 kg quetiapine 68.4 kg risperidone. Weight gain occurred during treatment with all three drugs. Compared with risperidone mean weight gain was higher with olanzapine (adjusted co-efficient +1.24 kg (95% confidence interval: 0.69–1.79 kg per six months) for men and +0.77 kg (95% confidence interval: 0.29–1.24 kg) for women). Weight gain with quetiapine was lower in unadjusted models compared with risperidone, but this difference was not significant after adjustment. Conclusion: Olanzapine is more commonly prescribed to people with lower weight. However, after accounting for baseline weight, age, sex and diagnosis, olanzapine is still associated with greater weight gain over two years than risperidone or quetiapine. Baseline weight does not ameliorate the risks of weight gain associated with antipsychotic medication. Weight gain should be assertively discussed and managed for people prescribed antipsychotics, especially olanzapine.

Association of weight change with telotristat ethyl in the treatment of carcinoid syndrome.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15692-e15692
Author(s):  
Martin O Weickert ◽  
Gregory Kaltsas ◽  
Dieter Hörsch ◽  
Pablo Lapuerta ◽  
Marianne Pavel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Carcinoid Syndrome ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Statistical Analysis Plan ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
And Performance

e15692 Background: In the Phase 3 TELESTAR study, the oral tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor telotristat ethyl (TE) significantly reduced bowel movement (BM) frequency compared with placebo (pbo) over a 12-week Double-blind Treatment (DBT) period in patients with carcinoid syndrome (CS). Weight loss has previously been associated with uncontrolled CS and may result in reduced survival, so it is important to examine weight changes in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Methods: We conducted an analysis, prespecified in the statistical analysis plan, of the incidence of weight change of ≥3% at Week 12 in TELESTAR. Patients with metastatic NETs, CS, and ≥4 BMs per day were randomly assigned to receive pbo, TE 250 mg 3x/day (tid), or TE 500 mg tid for 12 weeks, in addition to somatostatin analog therapy. Results: There were 45 patients in each group. Mean baseline age was 63.5 years, with 5.8 BMs/day and mean body mass index 24.87 kg/m2. Weight gain ≥3% at Week 12 was observed in 2/39 (5.1%), 7/41 (17.1%), and 13/40 (32.5%) patients on pbo, TE 250 tid, and TE 500 mg tid, respectively. The Cochrane–Armitage test for trend in weight gain incidence across groups yielded p = 0.0017. Among the 20 patients with a ≥3% weight gain on TE, 10 patients experienced a reduction of at least 30% in BM frequency at Week 12 (maximum reduction 75%). Weight loss ≥3% at Week 12 was observed in 5 (12.8%), 4 (9.8%), and 6 (15.0%) patients on pbo, TE 250 tid, and TE 500 mg tid. Adverse events of vomiting, decreased appetite, cachexia, and performance status decreased were reported during the DBT period among those with weight loss but not those with weight gain. Conclusions: The incidence of weight gain was dose-related on TE and was greater than that on pbo. It was possibly related to a reduction in diarrhea severity, and it may be a relevant aspect of TE efficacy among patients with functioning metastatic NETs. Clinical trial information: NCT01677910.

Abstract P668: Clinically Meaningful Weight Gain Before Menopause and Risk of Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria D Zambrano Espinoza ◽  
Emma Kersey ◽  
Amelia K Boehme ◽  
Joshua Willey ◽  
Eliza C Miller
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data

Background: Obesity is an independent risk factor for stroke. Weight gain has been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women. It is unclear, however, if weight changes before menopause have similar effects. We hypothesized that clinically meaningful premenopausal weight gain, defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) change >5%, would be associated with a higher stroke risk later in life. Methods: Using data from the California Teachers Study, we identified women aged < 55 with no history of stroke. We used weight changes between 1995-2006 as proxy for premenopausal weight gain. We defined weight change as modest or moderate using BMI changes of 5-10% and >10% respectively. Stroke outcomes were obtained from linkage to California hospitalization records. We used Cox regression models to calculate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the association of weight change and future stroke, adjusting for vascular risk factors. Results: Of 17,295 women included in the study, 113 had a stroke. In comparison to women who maintained a stable weight, women with moderate weight gain during premenopausal years had 2.0 times the risk of stroke. In the adjusted analysis, women with moderate weight gain had 89.6% higher risk of stroke, compared to the reference group. We found no significant association with stroke in women who had modest weight changes. Conclusion: Moderate premenopausal weight gain significantly increased stroke risk in women. Younger women should be educated about the effects of weight gain on future brain health. Count: 1836/1950

scholarly journals Weight changes during chemotherapy for breast cancer

2002 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano José Megale Costa ◽  
Paulo César Spotti Varella ◽  
Auro del Giglio
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Disease Free

CONTEXT: Patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer have a tendency to gain weight. This tendency has determining factors not completely defined and an unknown prognostic impact. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate weight change during chemotherapy for breast cancer in a defined population and to identify its predisposing factors and possible prognostic significance. DESIGN: Observational, retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Private clinical oncology service. PARTICIPANTS: 106 consecutive patients with breast cancer treated between June 1994 and April 2000, who received neoadjuvant (n = 8), adjuvant (n = 74) or palliative (n = 24) chemotherapy. INTERVETION: Review of medical records and gathering of clinical information, including patients’ body weights before treatment and at follow-up reviews. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Body weight change, expressed as percentage of body weight per month in treatment; role of clinical data in weight change; and influence of weight change in overall survival and disease-free survival. RESULTS: There was a mean increase of 0.50 ± 1.42% (p = 0.21) of body weight per month of treatment. We noted a negative correlation between metastatic disease and weight gain (r = -0.447, p < 0.0001). In the adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy groups there was a mean weight gain of 0.91 ± 1.19 % (p < 0.00001) per month, whereas in the metastatic (palliative) group, we observed a mean loss of 0.52 ± 1.21% (p = 0.11) of body weight per month during the treatment. We did not observe any statistically significant correlation between weight changes and disease-free survival or overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy gain weight, whereas metastatic cancer patients will probably lose weight during palliative chemotherapy. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of weight changes during chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Predictors of Weight Change in Male HIV-Positive Injection Drug Users Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Hanoi, Vietnam

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice M. Tang ◽  
Heidi B. Sheehan ◽  
Michael R. Jordan ◽  
Dang Van Duong ◽  
Norma Terrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Negative Weight

We examined clinical and nutritional predictors of weight change over two consecutive 6-month intervals among 99 HIV-positive male injection drug users initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Hanoi, Vietnam. The average weight gain was 3.1 ± 4.8 kg in the first six months after ART and 0.8 ± 3.0 kg in the following six months. Predictors of weight change differed by interval. In the first interval, CD4 < 200 cells/μL, excellent/very good adherence to ART, bothersome nausea, and liquid supplement use were all associated with positive weight changes. Moderate to heavy alcohol use and tobacco smoking were associated with negative weight changes. In the second interval, having a CD4 count <200 cells/μL at the beginning of the interval and tobacco smoking were the only significant predictors and both were associated with negative weight changes. We identified several potential areas for interventions to promote weight gain immediately after starting ART in this population. Studies are needed to determine whether improving weight prior to, or at, ART initiation will result in improved outcomes on ART.

scholarly journals Dietary pattern and weight change in a 5-year follow-up among Chinese adults: results from the Jiangsu Nutrition Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 1047-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zumin Shi ◽  
Baojun Yuan ◽  
Gang Hu ◽  
Yue Dai ◽  
Hui Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Nutrition Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Traditional Pattern

The aim of the present study was to examine the association between dietary patterns and weight change prospectively. We followed up 1231 adults aged 20 years and older (mean age 49·3 years) from 2002 to 2007. Food intake was assessed at baseline by an FFQ. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Nutrient intake was measured by food weighing plus consecutive individual 3 d food records. Body weight and height were measured. The mean 5-year weight gain among all participants was 0·8 (sd4·7) kg. The mean weight changes across quartiles of the ‘traditional’ pattern (rice, fresh vegetables, pork and wheat flour) were 2·0, 0·6, 0·6 and 0·0 kg. The corresponding values were 0·4, 0·5, 0·7 and 1·6 kg across quartiles of the ‘vegetable-rich’ pattern. No significant association between the ‘macho’ dietary pattern (meat and alcohol), the ‘sweet tooth’ pattern (drinks and cake) and weight gain was found. In multivariate linear regression, using the first quartile as the reference, participants in the highest quartile of the ‘traditional’ pattern had a β of − 2·18 (95 % CI − 2·91, − 1·45) for weight gain. However, the β from weight change of the highest quartile of the ‘vegetable-rich’ pattern was 1·00 (95 % CI 0·25, 1·74). In conclusion, the ‘traditional’ dietary pattern was negatively and the ‘vegetable-rich’ pattern was positively associated with weight gain in Chinese adults.

scholarly journals Relations of body weight status in early adulthood and weight changes until middle age with metabolic syndrome in the Chinese population

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 4011
Author(s):  
Liancheng Zhao ◽  
Huanhuan Liu ◽  
Long Zhou ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Min Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The evidences for the relationship between long-term weight gain and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese population were limited. Therefore, this study aims to explore the association of body weight status in early adulthood and weight changes with MetS.Methods: Data from China Multicenter Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Epidemiology including 12808 participants aged 35–59 were used. Participants were surveyed for cardiovascular risk factors and a self-reported weight at age 25, which was defined as early adulthood. Weight change was calculated as the difference between baseline weight and early adulthood weight. MetS was defined according to AHA/NHLBI definition in 2009. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine the association between early adulthood weight status, weight change and MetS.Results: Mean age of participants was 46.7 years, including 6134 men and 6674 women. The overall prevalence of MetS was 21.8%. After adjusted for age, sex and other confounding factors, both BMI at 25 age and weight gain were positively associated with the risk of MetS. Being overweight (BMI, 24–27.9 kg m-2) or obese (BMI ≥28 kg m-2) at early adulthood was related to an increased risk of MetS, the odds ratio (OR) and 95%confidence interval (CI) was 3.24 (2.82–3.72) and 13.31 (8.72–20.31). In addition, weight gain was also associated with higher risk of MetS (P for trend<0.01).Conclusions: Overweight and obesity in early adulthood and weight gain were both independently related to an increased risk of MetS in the middle-aged Chinese men and women. 

scholarly journals Dietary Intervention in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes; Protocol for the DiGest Randomised Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1165
Author(s):  
Laura C. Kusinski ◽  
Helen R. Murphy ◽  
Emanuella De Lucia Rolfe ◽  
Kirsten L. Rennie ◽  
Linda M. Oude Griep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Double Blind

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) annually affects 35,000 pregnancies in the United Kingdom, causing suboptimal health outcomes to the mother and child. Obesity and excessive gestational weight gain are risk factors for GDM. The Institute of Medicine recommends weight targets for women that are overweight and obese, however, there are no clear guidelines for women with GDM. Observational data suggest that modest weight loss (0.6–2 kg) after 28 weeks may reduce risk of caesarean section, large-for-gestational-age (LGA), and maternal postnatal glycaemia. This protocol for a multicentre randomised double-blind controlled trial aims to identify if a fully controlled reduced energy diet in GDM pregnancy improves infant birthweight and reduces maternal weight gain (primary outcomes). A total of 500 women with GDM (National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2015 criteria) and body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 will be randomised to receive a standard (2000 kcal/day) or reduced energy (1200 kcal/day) diet box containing all meals and snacks from 28 weeks to delivery. Women and caregivers will be blinded to the allocations. Food diaries, continuous glucose monitoring, and anthropometry will measure dietary compliance, glucose levels, and weight changes. Women will receive standard antenatal GDM management (insulin/metformin) according to NICE guidelines. The secondary endpoints include caesarean section rates, LGA, and maternal postnatal glucose concentrations.

scholarly journals REPORTED WEIGHT CHANGE IN OLDER ADULTS AND PRESENCE OF FRAILTY

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
R.S. Crow ◽  
C.L. Petersen ◽  
S.B. Cook ◽  
C.J. Stevens ◽  
A.J. Titus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Weight ◽  
Time Point

Objective: A 5% change in weight is a significant predictor for frailty and obesity. We ascertained how self-reported weight change over the lifespan impacts rates of frailty in older adults. Methods: We identified 4,984 subjects ≥60 years with body composition measures from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. An adapted version of Fried’s frailty criteria was used as the primary outcome. Self-reported weight was assessed at time current,1 and 10 years earlier and at age 25. Weight changes between each time point were categorized as ≥ 5%, ≤5% or neutral. Logistic regression assessed the impact of weight change on the outcome of frailty. Results: Among 4,984 participants, 56.5% were female, mean age was 71.1 years, and mean BMI was 28.2kg/m2. A weight loss of ≥ 5% had a higher association with frailty compared to current weight, age 25 (OR 2.94 [1.72,5.02]), 10 years ago (OR 1.68 [1.05,2.69]), and 1 year ago (OR 1.55 [1.02,2.36]). Weight gain in the last year was associated with increased rate of frailty (1.59 [1.09,2.32]). Conclusion: There is an association between frailty and reported weight loss over time while only weight gain in the last year has an association with frailty.

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