scholarly journals Response of the cerebral vasculature following traumatic brain injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2320-2339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjang Salehi ◽  
John H Zhang ◽  
Andre Obenaus
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Cerebral Vasculature ◽  
Vascular Repair ◽  
Vascular Effects

The critical role of the vasculature and its repair in neurological disease states is beginning to emerge particularly for stroke, dementia, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, tumors and others. However, little attention has been focused on how the cerebral vasculature responds following traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI often results in significant injury to the vasculature in the brain with subsequent cerebral hypoperfusion, ischemia, hypoxia, hemorrhage, blood–brain barrier disruption and edema. The sequalae that follow TBI result in neurological dysfunction across a host of physiological and psychological domains. Given the importance of restoring vascular function after injury, emerging research has focused on understanding the vascular response after TBI and the key cellular and molecular components of vascular repair. A more complete understanding of vascular repair mechanisms are needed and could lead to development of new vasculogenic therapies, not only for TBI but potentially vascular-related brain injuries. In this review, we delineate the vascular effects of TBI, its temporal response to injury and putative biomarkers for arterial and venous repair in TBI. We highlight several molecular pathways that may play a significant role in vascular repair after brain injury.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury in Sports: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Sahler ◽  
Brian D. Greenwald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a clinical diagnosis of neurological dysfunction following head trauma, typically presenting with acute symptoms of some degree of cognitive impairment. There are an estimated 1.7 to 3.8 million TBIs each year in the United States, approximately 10 percent of which are due to sports and recreational activities. Most brain injuries are self-limited with symptom resolution within one week, however, a growing amount of data is now establishing significant sequelae from even minor impacts such as headaches, prolonged cognitive impairments, or even death. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment according to standardized guidelines are crucial when treating athletes who may be subjected to future head trauma, possibly increasing their likelihood of long-term impairments.

scholarly journals Up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin expression is accompanied with vascular repair after traumatic brain injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjang Salehi ◽  
Amandine Jullienne ◽  
Mohsen Baghchechi ◽  
Mary Hamer ◽  
Mark Walsworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Cerebral Vasculature ◽  
Vascular Repair ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Injury Site ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Line ◽  
Adult Mice

Recent data suggest that repairing the cerebral vasculature after traumatic brain injury (TBI) may help to improve functional recovery. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway promotes blood vessel formation during vascular development, but its role in vascular repair after TBI remains elusive. In this study, we examined how the cerebral vasculature responds to TBI and the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vascular repair. We induced a moderate controlled cortical impact in adult mice and performed vessel painting to visualize the vascular alterations in the brain. Brain tissue around the injury site was assessed for β-catenin and vascular markers. A Wnt transgenic mouse line was utilized to evaluate Wnt gene expression. We report that TBI results in vascular loss followed by increases in vascular structure at seven days post injury (dpi). Immature, non-perfusing vessels were evident in the tissue around the injury site. β-catenin protein expression was significantly reduced in the injury site at 7 dpi. However, there was an increase in β-catenin expression in perilesional vessels at 1 and 7 dpi. Similarly, we found increased number of Wnt-GFP-positive vessels after TBI. Our findings suggest that Wnt/β-catenin expression contributes to the vascular repair process after TBI.

MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE TRAUMATIC INTRACRANIAL HEMATOMAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Rustam Hazratkulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Early Activation ◽  
Intracranial Hematomas

Multiple traumatic hematomas (MG) account for 0.74% of all traumatic brain injuries. A comprehensive diagnostic approach to multiple traumatic intracranial hematomas allows to establish a diagnosis in the early stages of traumatic brain injury and to determine treatment tactics. A differentiated approach to the choice of surgical treatment of multiple hematomas allows to achieve satisfactory results and treatment outcomes, which accordingly contributes to the early activation of the patient, a reduction in hospital stay, a decrease in mortality and disabilityin patients with traumatic brain injury

Artifact removal from neurophysiological signals: impact on intracranial and arterial pressure monitoring in traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 1952-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Bo Lee ◽  
Hakseung Kim ◽  
Young-Tak Kim ◽  
Frederick A. Zeiler ◽  
Peter Smielewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Artifact Removal ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After

OBJECTIVEMonitoring intracranial and arterial blood pressure (ICP and ABP, respectively) provides crucial information regarding the neurological status of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, these signals are often heavily affected by artifacts, which may significantly reduce the reliability of the clinical determinations derived from the signals. The goal of this work was to eliminate signal artifacts from continuous ICP and ABP monitoring via deep learning techniques and to assess the changes in the prognostic capacities of clinical parameters after artifact elimination.METHODSThe first 24 hours of monitoring ICP and ABP in a total of 309 patients with TBI was retrospectively analyzed. An artifact elimination model for ICP and ABP was constructed via a stacked convolutional autoencoder (SCAE) and convolutional neural network (CNN) with 10-fold cross-validation tests. The prevalence and prognostic capacity of ICP- and ABP-related clinical events were compared before and after artifact elimination.RESULTSThe proposed SCAE-CNN model exhibited reliable accuracy in eliminating ABP and ICP artifacts (net prediction rates of 97% and 94%, respectively). The prevalence of ICP- and ABP-related clinical events (i.e., systemic hypotension, intracranial hypertension, cerebral hypoperfusion, and poor cerebrovascular reactivity) all decreased significantly after artifact removal.CONCLUSIONSThe SCAE-CNN model can be reliably used to eliminate artifacts, which significantly improves the reliability and efficacy of ICP- and ABP-derived clinical parameters for prognostic determinations after TBI.

scholarly journals Pathologically Entangled: Brain trauma-evoked ROS imbalance disrupts Kir channel function in distant peripheral vessels

Function ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Weir ◽  
Thomas A Longden
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Potassium Channels ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Inward Rectifier ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
Channel Function ◽  
Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels ◽  
Kir Channel

Abstract A Perspective on "Traumatic Brain Injury Impairs Systemic Vascular Function Through Disruption of Inward-Rectifier Potassium Channels"

Rapid Detection of Significant Traumatic Brain Injury Requiring Emergency Intervention

2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482097335
Author(s):  
Isaac W. Howley ◽  
Jonathan D. Bennett ◽  
Deborah M. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Acute Care Surgery ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Mickey Mouse ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Care Surgery

Moderate and severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are a major cause of severe morbidity and mortality; rapid diagnosis and management allow secondary injury to be minimized. Traumatic brain injury is only one of many potential causes of altered mental status; head computed tomography (HCT) is used to definitively diagnose TBI. Despite its widespread use and obvious importance, interpretation of HCT images is rarely covered by formal didactics during general surgery or even acute care surgery training. The schema illustrated here may be applied in a rapid and reliable fashion to HCT images, expediting the diagnosis of clinically significant traumatic brain injury that warrants emergent medical and surgical therapies to reduce intracranial pressure. It consists of 7 normal anatomic structures (cerebrospinal fluid around the brain stem, open fourth ventricle, “baby’s butt,” “Mickey Mouse ears,” absence of midline shift, sulci and gyri, and gray-white differentiation). These 7 features can be seen even as the CT scanner obtains images, allowing the trauma team to expedite medical management of intracranial hypertension and pursue neurosurgical consultation prior to radiologic interpretation if the features are abnormal.

scholarly journals Reply to Comment on Tsai, Y.-C., et al. Association of Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia and Diabetic Hyperglycemia with Mortality in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: Analysis of a Propensity Score-Matched Population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4266

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2531
Author(s):  
Yu-Chin Tsai ◽  
Shao-Chun Wu ◽  
Ting-Min Hsieh ◽  
Hang-Tsung Liu ◽  
Chun-Ying Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Analysis

Thank you for Eduardo Mekitarian Filho’s appreciation of our work on the study of stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) and diabetic hyperglycemia (DH) in patients with traumatic brain injuries [...]

Targeting the Cerebrovascular System: Next-Generation Biomarkers and Treatment for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 107385842110122
Author(s):  
Tamara L. Baker ◽  
Denes V. Agoston ◽  
Rhys D. Brady ◽  
Brendan Major ◽  
Stuart J. McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Cerebral Vasculature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cerebrovascular Injury ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cerebrovascular System

The diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs), such as concussions, are significant unmet medical issues. The kinetic forces that occur in mTBI adversely affect the cerebral vasculature, making cerebrovascular injury (CVI) a pathophysiological hallmark of mTBI. Given the importance of a healthy cerebrovascular system in overall brain function, CVI is likely to contribute to neurological dysfunction after mTBI. As such, CVI and related pathomechanisms may provide objective biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve the clinical management and outcomes of mTBI. Despite this potential, until recently, few studies have focused on the cerebral vasculature in this context. This article will begin by providing a brief overview of the cerebrovascular system followed by a review of the literature regarding how mTBI can affect the integrity and function of the cerebrovascular system, and how this may ultimately contribute to neurological dysfunction and neurodegenerative conditions. We then discuss promising avenues of research related to mTBI biomarkers and interventions that target CVI, and conclude that a clinical approach that takes CVI into account could result in substantial improvements in the care and outcomes of patients with mTBI.

scholarly journals Study of Traumatic Brain Injury Due To Recent Earthquake in Manipal Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Bal G Karmacharya ◽  
Brijesh Sathian
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mild Head Injury ◽  
Associated Injuries

The objective of this study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of the April 2015 earthquake who were admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. A total of 37 patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services. Collapse of buildings was the commonest cause of head injury. The majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other parts of the body were present in 40.54% patients.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:63-66, 2015

Bilateral chorea following severe traumatic brain injury treated with risperidone

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e241929
Author(s):  
Daniel Krasna ◽  
Erica Montgomery ◽  
Jacob Koffer ◽  
Miriam Segal
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
History Of

A functionally independent man in his 20s with a history of intellectual disability and epilepsy and family history of Huntington’s disease suffered a severe traumatic brain injury. Postinjury, bilateral chorea rendered him dependent for all activities of daily living. Risperidone provided a significant reduction of chorea, decreasing the overall burden of care. Movement disorders are a common sequela of brain injury. Currently, there are no best treatment guidelines for chorea in patients with brain injury. To the authors’ knowledge there have been no case reports describing the effects of brain injury on patients with a primary movement disorder. Risperidone was an effective treatment in this case. Further research is needed to establish guidelines for treatment of movement disorders following brain injury and to better understand the effect of brain injuries on primary movement disorders.

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