scholarly journals Personalized Medicine and Genomics: Challenges and Opportunities in Assessing Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness, and Future Research Priorities

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rena Conti ◽  
David L. Veenstra ◽  
Katrina Armstrong ◽  
Lawrence J. Lesko ◽  
Scott D. Grosse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Work

Personalized medicine is health care that tailors interventions to individual variation in risk and treatment response. Although medicine has long strived to achieve this goal, advances in genomics promise to facilitate this process. Relevant to present-day practice is the use of genomic information to classify individuals according to disease susceptibility or expected responsiveness to a pharmacologic treatment and to provide targeted interventions. A symposium at the annual meeting of the Society for Medical Decision Making on 23 October 2007 highlighted the challenges and opportunities posed in translating advances in molecular medicine into clinical practice. A panel of US experts in medical practice, regulatory policy, technology assessment, and the financing and organization of medical innovation was asked to discuss the current state of practice and research on personalized medicine as it relates to their own field. This article reports on the issues raised, discusses potential approaches to meet these challenges, and proposes directions for future work. The case of genetic testing to inform dosing with warfarin, an anticoagulant, is used to illustrate differing perspectives on evidence and decision making for personalized medicine.

scholarly journals Discriminated by an algorithm: a systematic review of discrimination and fairness by algorithmic decision-making in the context of HR recruitment and HR development

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-848
Author(s):  
Alina Köchling ◽  
Marius Claus Wehner
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Management Context ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
State Of Research

AbstractAlgorithmic decision-making is becoming increasingly common as a new source of advice in HR recruitment and HR development. While firms implement algorithmic decision-making to save costs as well as increase efficiency and objectivity, algorithmic decision-making might also lead to the unfair treatment of certain groups of people, implicit discrimination, and perceived unfairness. Current knowledge about the threats of unfairness and (implicit) discrimination by algorithmic decision-making is mostly unexplored in the human resource management context. Our goal is to clarify the current state of research related to HR recruitment and HR development, identify research gaps, and provide crucial future research directions. Based on a systematic review of 36 journal articles from 2014 to 2020, we present some applications of algorithmic decision-making and evaluate the possible pitfalls in these two essential HR functions. In doing this, we inform researchers and practitioners, offer important theoretical and practical implications, and suggest fruitful avenues for future research.

Obesity Research in Occupational Safety and Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1022-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Ghesmaty Sangachin ◽  
Lora A. Cavuoto
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Occupational Injury ◽  
Occupational Safety And Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
And Performance ◽  
General Studies ◽  
Future Work

Obesity is an emerging health problem among the workforce. This review examined the published literature in the last decade presented in prominent human factors and occupational safety and health journals to map out the current state of the research and direct future work. Overall, 44 studies were identified, out of which 27% focused on general effects of obesity on work performance, disability or occupational injury and 73% studied hypotheses regarding the effect of obesity on functional capacity, balance and performance of specific tasks. While over 90% of general studies suggest some significant adverse effect, only ~47% of specific studies report such results. While obesity co- occurs with chronic conditions such as diabetes or cardio-respiratory issues, laboratory based studies which exclude subjects with comorbidities may fail to fully manifest obesity effects. With only four studies identified that investigated an interaction of obesity with other personal or job-related health risks, future research in this regard is warranted.

Personalized Medicine in the Context of Comparative Effectiveness Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. S73-S86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirban Basu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness Research ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Effectiveness Research ◽  
Medical Quality ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Objective Evidence

Abstract The world of patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) seems to bridge the previously disjointed worlds of comparative effectiveness research (CER) and personalized medicine (PM). Indeed, theoretical reasoning on how information on medical quality should inform decision making, both at the individual and the policy level, reveals that personalized information on the value of medical products is critical for improving decision making at all levels. However, challenges to generating, evaluating and translating evidence that might lead to personalization need to be critically assessed. In this paper, I discuss two different concepts of personalized medicine – passive personalization (PPM) and active personalization (APM) that are important to distinguish in order to invest efficiently in PCOR and develop objective evidence on the value of personalization that will aid in its translation. APM constitutes the process of actively seeking identifiers, which can be genotypical, phenotypical or even environmental, that can be used to differentiate between the marginal benefits of treatment across patients. In contrast, PPM involves a passive approach to personalization where, in the absence of explicit research to discover identifiers, patients and physicians “learn by doing” mostly due to the repeated use of similar products on similar patients. Benchmarking the current state of PPM sets the bar to which the expected value of any new APM agenda should be evaluated. Exploring processes that enable PPM in practice can help discover new APM agendas, such as those based on developing predictive algorithms based on clinical, phenotypical and preference data, which may be more efficient that trying to develop expensive genetic tests. It can also identify scenarios or subgroups of patients where genomic research would be most valuable since alternative prediction algorithms were difficult to develop in those settings. Two clinical scenarios are discussed where PPM was explored through novel econometric methods. Related discussions around exploring PPM processes, multi-dimensionality of outcomes, and a balanced agenda for future research on personalization follow.

scholarly journals Critical assessment of the current state of scientific knowledge, terminology, and research needs concerning the role of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, climate, and global change

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2017-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fuzzi ◽  
M. O. Andreae ◽  
B. J. Huebert ◽  
M. Kulmala ◽  
T. C. Bond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Aerosols ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Present Understanding ◽  
Key Questions

Abstract. In spite of impressive advances in recent years, our present understanding of organic aerosol (OA) composition, physical and chemical properties, sources and transformation characteristics is still rather limited, and their environmental effects remain highly uncertain. This paper discusses and prioritizes issues related to organic aerosols and their effects on atmospheric processes and climate, providing a basis for future activities in the field. Four main topical areas are addressed: i) sources of OA; ii) formation transformation and removal of OA; iii) physical, chemical and mixing state of OA; iv) atmospheric modelling of OA. Key questions and research priorities regarding these four areas are synthesized in this paper, and outstanding issues for future research are presented for each topical area. In addition, an effort is made to formulate a basic set of consistent and universally applicable terms and definitions for coherent description of atmospheric OA across different scales and disciplines.

scholarly journals Editorial: New challenges and opportunities in strategic decision making

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Mario Situm
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Recent Issue ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Future Work

We are pleased to present the recent issue of the journal “Corporate and Business Strategy Review”. In this issue, current findings from the research are presented, which will support researchers with ideas for future work and provide managers and consultants with resources to support the development of solutions and assistance in decision-making.

The investigation on infoecology in the field of smart manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asefeh Asemi ◽  
Andrea Ko
Keyword(s):  
Graph Mining ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Start Ups

PurposeThe present study is aimed to determine the infoecology of scientific articles in the field of smart manufacturing (SM). The researchers designed a general framework for the investigation of infoecology.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative and quantitative data collection methods are applied to collect data from the Scopus and experts. The bibliometric technique, clustering and graph mining are applied to analysis data by Scopus data analysis tools, VOSviewer and Excel software.FindingsIt is concluded that researchers paid attention to “Flow Control”, “Embedded Systems”, “IoT”, “Big Data” and “Cyber-Physical System” more than other infocenose. Finally, a thematic model presented based on the infoecology of SM in Scopus for future studies. Also, as future work, designing a “research-related” metamodel for SM would be beneficial for the researchers, to highlight the main future research directions.Practical implicationsThe results of the present study can be applied to the following issues: (1) To make decisions based on research and scientific evidence and conduct scientific research on real needs and issues in the field of SM, (2) Holding the workshops on infoecology to determine research priorities with the presence of experts in related industries, (3) Determining the most important areas of research in order to improve the index of applied research, (4) Assist in prioritizing research in the field of SM to select a set of research and technological activities and allocate resources effectively to these activities, (5) Helping to increase the relationship between research and technological activities with the economic and long-term goals of industry and society, (6) Helping to prioritize the issues of SM in research and technology in order to target the allocation of financial and human capital and solving the main challenges and take advantage of opportunities, (7) Helping to avoid fragmentation of work and providing educational infrastructure based on prioritized research needs and (8) Helping to hold start-ups and the activities of knowledge-based companies based on research priorities in the field of SM.Originality/valueThe analysis results demonstrated that the information ecosystem of SM studies dynamically developed over time. The continuous conduction flow of scientific studies in this field brought continuous changes into the infoecology of this field.

A Perspective on Incentive Design: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-338
Author(s):  
Lillian J. Ratliff ◽  
Roy Dong ◽  
Shreyas Sekar ◽  
Tanner Fiez
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Incentive Design ◽  
New Class ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Face ◽  
Unexpected Outcomes

The increasingly tight coupling between humans and system operations in domains ranging from intelligent infrastructure to e-commerce has led to a challenging new class of problems founded on a well-established area of research: incentive design. There is a clear need for a new tool kit for designing mechanisms that help coordinate self-interested parties while avoiding unexpected outcomes in the face of information asymmetries, exogenous uncertainties from dynamic environments, and resource constraints. This article provides a perspective on the current state of the art in incentive design from three core communities—economics, control theory, and machine learning—and highlights interesting avenues for future research at the interface of these domains.

Pharmacological effects of Fucus spiralis extracts and phycochemicals: a comprehensive review

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonçalo P. Rosa ◽  
Maria Carmo Barreto ◽  
Ana M.L. Seca
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity Of Results ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Fucus Spiralis ◽  
Future Work ◽  
African Atlantic

Abstract The value of macroalgae to the pharmaceutical and food industries has increased, due to their richness in compounds with relevant biological activities and health effects. However, there are still many species that are worth exploring, like the edible Fucus spiralis L., widespread throughout the European and African Atlantic coasts. In order to demonstrate the phycochemical, pharmacological and nutritional potential of F. spiralis, this work presents a comprehensive review of studies regarding the bioactivities of F. spiralis extracts and their phycochemicals. A critical analysis of studies is presented, identifying the challenges and opportunities, and unveiling the knowledge gaps in order to guide future research with this alga. Although the studies performed so far have shown the potential of F. spiralis, this review shows that there is still a big gap in the knowledge about its metabolites. In this context, it is suggested that future investigations should focus more on the isolation and unequivocal structural characterization of the metabolites, such as phlorotannins. In addition, some weaknesses in the reviewed literature are mentioned here, which should be avoided in future work, in order to allow a better evaluation of the validity of results and their comparison.

Earnings management in family firms: current state of knowledge and opportunities for future research

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Sousa Paiva ◽  
Isabel Costa Lourenço ◽  
Manuel Castelo Branco
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State ◽  
Different Types

Purpose – This paper aims to synthesize the extant research on earnings management in family firms. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the current state of knowledge about earnings management in family firms, identifying the main theoretical frameworks used in the empirical research on the topic, as well as the main types of said research and its findings. Findings – Agency theory is identified as the main theoretical framework used. Two major types of research identified in the literature are discussed, namely, earnings management in family firms versus non-family firms and earnings management in different types of family firms. Originality/value – Important research gaps are identified, and future research priorities are suggested. These pertain to the lack of research on earnings management in different types of family firms, the utility of using qualitative and experimental research, as well as the importance of using theoretical frameworks better able to capture the peculiarities of family firms.

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