scholarly journals Peripheral and central smell regions in COVID-19 positive patients: an MRI evaluation

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110340
Author(s):  
Veysel Burulday ◽  
Merve Sefa Sayar ◽  
Nuray Bayar Muluk
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Thoracic Computed Tomography ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Cranial Mri ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Evaluation

Background Coronaviruses may lead to invasion of the central nervous system. Purpose To investigate the effects of COVID-19 infection on smell using cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Material and Methods Cranial MRI scans of 23 patients with COVID-19 (patient group [PG]) and 23 healthy controls (HCs) were evaluated. Peripheric (olfactory bulb [OB] volume and olfactory sulcus [OS] depth) and central (insular gyrus and corpus amygdala areas) smell regions were measured. Results Smell loss was present in nine patients (39.1%) in the PG. The means of the disease duration and antiviral treatment were 3.00 ± 2.35 and 5.65 ± 1.72 days, respectively. OB volumes of the PG were significantly lower than those of the HCs bilaterally. However, no significant differences were observed between the OS depth, insular gyrus, and corpus amygdala areas of both groups. The left corpus amygdala areas were both increased with the increased disease ( P = 0.035, r = 0.442) and treatment durations ( P = 0.037, r = 0.438). In the PG, longer treatment duration, increase in C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte count decrease, and positive thoracic computed tomography (CT) involvement were related to OS depth decrease. Right corpus amygdala areas increased in patients with COVID-19 with increased D-dimer values, and thoracic CT involvement was detected. Conclusion COVID-19 disease affects the peripheric smell region of OBs and does not affect the central smell regions of the insular gyrus and corpus amygdala areas. The importance of our study is to detect MRI findings in patients with COVID-19 leading to odor disorders. These findings may help in diagnosing the disease at an early stage.

Neuroimaging of Children With Takayasu Arteritis

2021 ◽  
pp. 088307382199128
Author(s):  
Hafize Emine Sönmez ◽  
Ferhat Demir ◽  
Semanur Özdel ◽  
Şerife Gül Karadağ ◽  
Esra Bağlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Takayasu Arteritis ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Cranial Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Left Middle

Objective: Takayasu arteritis is a rare granulomatous chronic vasculitis that affects the aorta and its main branches. Neurologic manifestations can accompany the disease; however, there is no study on neuroimaging in children with Takayasu arteritis. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric Takayasu arteritis patients. Materials and Methods: Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained retrospectively. Results: The study included 15 pediatric Takayasu arteritis patients. All patients presented with constitutional symptoms. Additionally, 6 patients suffered from headache, 2 had syncope, 1 had loss of consciousness, and 1 had convulsion. All patients underwent cranial and diffusion MRI a median 12 months after diagnosis. Cranial MRI findings were normal in 12 patients, whereas 3 patients had abnormal findings, as follows: stenosis in the M1 and M2 segments of the left middle cerebral artery (n = 1); diffuse thinning of the right internal carotid, middle cerebral, and right vertebral and basilar artery (n = 1); as a sequela, areas of focal gliosis in both the lateral ventricular and posterior periventricular regions (n = 1). Among these 3 patients, 1 had no neurologic complaints. Conclusion: Abnormal MRI findings can be observed in pediatric Takayasu arteritis patients, even those that are asymptomatic; therefore, clinicians should carefully evaluate neurologic involvement in all pediatric Takayasu arteritis patients.

scholarly journals Multifocal glioblastoma multiform with “encephalitis-like presentation” : a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Issam Sa’adeh ◽  
Mohamed Jamal Saadh
Keyword(s):  
Vasogenic Edema ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiform ◽  
Atypical Clinical Presentation ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Multifocal Glioblastoma

Abstract Background Glioblastoma multiform is the most common and aggressive type of primary malignant tumor that affects the central nervous system in adults. It clinically presents with seizures, headache, and/or progressive focal neurological deficits. Radiologically, glioblastoma multiform appears as a single distinguishable, large heterogeneous lesion affecting the cerebrum with characteristic central necrosis, marginal enhancement, and surrounding vasogenic edema. This article describes a patient that exhibited an atypical clinical presentation of multifocal glioblastoma multiform with misleading early radiological features that simulated herpetic encephalitis. Results A 66-year-old female that presented with left-sided hemiparesis and left partial motor seizures underwent multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was also performed to screen for herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Conclusions The early stages of glioblastoma may manifest as symptoms typical to encephalitis, which can delay diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis and identification of atypical glioblastoma multiform presentations, as reported in this article, are essential.

Robot-Assisted Stereotactic Shunting as a Novel Treatment for Pontine Glioependymal Cysts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schieferdecker ◽  
Stefan Hunsche ◽  
Faycal El Majdoub ◽  
Mohammad Maarouf
Keyword(s):  
Abducens Nerve ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Quick Recovery ◽  
Glioependymal Cyst ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
First Case ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractIn this case report, the authors describe the first case of a glioependymal cyst of the brainstem managed by robot-assisted, stereotactic, cysto-ventricular shunting. Glioependymal cysts are rare congenital cystic lesions that are thought to form by displacement of ependymal cells during the embryonal period. Glioependymal cysts have been reported in a variety of different locations within the central nervous system. However, glioependymal cysts of the brainstem have only been described once before. Here, we report the case of a 53-year-old man who was referred to our department due to hemiparesis, hemihypesthesia, and hemidysesthesia, as well as facial and abducens nerve palsy. A large pontine glioependymal cyst was confirmed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The cyst was subsequently decompressed by connecting the cyst with the fourth ventricle via robot-assisted stereotactic shunt placement. In the postoperative course, the patient made a quick recovery and did not report any permanent neurologic deficits.

scholarly journals MRI Evaluation of Neck Pain

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Md Khairul Islam ◽  
Syed Zoherul Alam ◽  
Md Sayedur Rahman ◽  
Afroza Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Neoplastic Processes ◽  
Imaging Department ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Mri Evaluation

Patients with neck pain both acute and chronic of various aetiologies are commonly found throughout the world for years. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an excellent imaging modality for demonstration of aetiology of neck pain. Degenerative changes, infective processes, neoplastic processes, mechanical injuries and congenital disorders of the spine can be detected by MRI without any hazards. This prospective study of neck pain was done in Radiology and Imaging department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka on 60 cases of both sexes reported during the period, February 2006 to September 2006. The aim of the study was to find out the role of MRI in diagnosis and evaluation of chronic and acute neck pain. Out of 60 cases, 51 cases were with cervical spondylotic changes, 2 cases were with spinal trauma, 2 cases were space occupying lesion (SOL) in spinal cord, 1 case was SOL in vertebra, 1 case was soft tissue mass in neck. Only 2 cases showed normal MRI findings. The youngest patient was a fourteen year old male and oldest one was 75 years old male person. Highest incidence was in the 5th decade numbering 20 (33.3%). MRI is non-invasive, non hazardous method and have very few contraindications. Though MRI is relatively expensive and still then it is good considering the diagnostic accuracy and cost effectiveness. Key Words: MRI evaluation, Neck pain.   doi: 10.3329/jafmc.v5i1.2849 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 5, No 1 (June) 2009 pp.34-36

scholarly journals Is there a link between COVID-19 and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease? a Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
Ehsan Nasiri ◽  
Amirreza Naseri ◽  
Mohammad Yazdchi ◽  
Mahnaz Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Detection ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Progressive Dementia ◽  
Abnormal Signal ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Abnormal Signal Intensity ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a rare rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease. The diagnosis of CJD is based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, electro-encephalography (EEG), or 14-3-3 protein detection. We report a case of a previously-healthy 72 years old woman, with evidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), who complained of behavioral changes and rapidly progressive dementia. While hospitalization, she didn't have orientation to time and place and repeated an irrelevant sentence in response to questions. Also, anomia and impaired comprehension was observed. Myoclonic jerks, abnormal signal intensity at bilateral parieto-occipital cortices in MRI, periodic sharp wave complexes in EEG, and increased lactate dehydrogenase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), highly recommended CJD for her. This is the second case of CJD after COVID-19 during this pandemic, which can be an alarm to clinicians about the silent impact of COVID-19 on the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Unusual neurological manifestations of bilateral medial medullary infarction: A case report

Open Medicine ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Ruizhi Zheng ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Xianzhu Zeng ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Zhao Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke Patient ◽  
Medial Medullary Infarction ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Medullary Infarction

Abstract Bilateral medial medullary infarction (BMMI) is an extremely rare type of cerebrovascular accident often resulting in poor functional consequences. “Heart appearance” on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the unique presentation of BMMI. In this article, we present an acute ischemic stroke patient whose brain MRI showed the atypical “heart appearance” sign, manifested unusual bilateral central facial paralysis concurrently. For an early diagnosis of BMMI, it is essential to recognize the characteristic clinical and MRI findings of this rare type of stroke. Abnormal small dot or linear DWI signal at the midline of the brainstem should not be ignored at the early stage of stroke.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Magnetic Resonance Imaging to reduce Gadolinium accumulation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-428
Author(s):  
Vijay Anant Athavale ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Onset

Gadolinium (Gd) is a based contrast agent is used for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In India, gadobutrolhas been is approved for MRI of the Central Nervous System (CNS), liver, kidneys, and breast. It has been noted in several studies that the accumulation of gadolinium occurs in different structures in the brain. Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are regularly followed up with MRI scans and MRI with contrast enhancement is the most common method of distinguishing new-onset pathological changes. Developments in technology and methods in artificial intelligence have shown that there is reason to map out the X-ray technician’s work with examinations and medicines administered to patients may be altered to prevent the accumulation of gadolinium.

A Fundamentally New View of Multiple Sclerosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Richard Ransohoff
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Spinal Cord Atrophy ◽  
Axonal Pathology ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract The last decade has been an era of unprecedented progress in our understanding of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is now considered a destructive process of the central nervous system, initiated by inflammatory demyelination but including prominent axonal pathology. This new knowledge has been acquired from new imaging techniques and traditional histopathologic study. New mechanisms of myelin destruction have been uncovered, and hypothetical new therapies for MS include neuroprotectants. Serial gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans reveal MS as a continuously active process. Brain and spinal cord atrophy, defined by MRI, correlate closely with clinical state. MR imaging techniques therefore are considered the standard tools for monitoring disease activity and severity. These efforts have produced improved therapy for patients with MS. Two classes of agents, interferon beta and glatiramer acetate, have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use. A major challenge for clinicians is to provide early diagnosis and determine appropriate treatment. New neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory drugs are on the horizon.

Overuse or underuse of MRI scanners in private radiology centers in Tehran

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Saadat ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Ghodsi ◽  
Kavous Firouznia ◽  
Mahyar Etminan ◽  
Khadijeh Goudarzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objectives:The semiprivate health system in Iran has created an opportunity for unnecessary uses of advanced medical equipments including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aimed to evaluate the evidence for MRI overuse in private diagnostic imaging centers in Tehran, Iran. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of use of MRI scans for different complaints and to explore frequency of normal MRI findings as a function of unnecessary MRI use.Methods:We conducted a survey among private MRI centers in Tehran, Iran, to study the proportion of MRI scans that may result in significant clinical finding. All MRI reports at a specific point in time at selected MRI centers were reviewed by a physician and the findings were recorded as normal, abnormal, or substantial changes.Results:Of all the MRI reports, 17.2 percent had resulted in normal findings; 9.8 percent ordered for examination of headache, and 4.8 percent for lower back pain.Conclusion:Unnecessary MRIs are most likely to result in normal finding; although not all the MRI with normal results could be identified as unnecessary. Negative findings from MRI scans may be reassuring to both clinicians and patients. The proportion of normal findings in MRI scans did not provide evidence of MRI overuse in Iran. The results of this study warrant formation of guidelines for the use of MRIs for headache and low back pain disorders.

scholarly journals MRI Evaluation of Global Developmental Delay: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Hafiz Habibullah ◽  
Raidah Albaradie ◽  
Shahid Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Delay ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Global Developmental Delay ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Developmental Domains ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mri Evaluation

Introduction: Global developmental delay (GDD) is defined as a significant delay in one or more developmental domains. Aims and Objectives: To study the prevalence of normal and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric patients presenting with GDD, and how abnormal MRI helps in the diagnosis of children with GDD. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted at the King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam. MRI of the brain was conducted on 170 patients who were referred by the Pediatric Neurology Department between February 2016 and April 2018. Results: Normal MRI findings were seen in 45.3% and 54.7% had abnormal findings. The ventricles and white matter, mainly the corpus callosum, were the most commonly affected anatomical structures. In 15 (16%) patients, MRI enabled a direct diagnosis, and in 22 (23.6%) MRI suggested a diagnosis which was confirmed by further investigation. Conclusion: The clinical diagnosis of GDD should not be the end point, but rather a springboard for an effective search for causal factors. MRI is the best investigation with a high yield in such patients.

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