Effects of Biological Response Modifiers with Different Modes of Action Used Separately and Together on Immune Responses in Mice with Syngeneic Tumours

The effect of a protein-bound polysaccharide (PSK) obtained from cultured mycelia of the Basidiomycetes Coriolus versicolor on activities involved in the host defence mechanism of C57BL/6 mice bearing adenocarcinoma 755 was compared with that of live bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Delayed footpad reaction, the activity of splenic natural killer cells and interferon production induced by concanavalin A in splenic cells of healthy mice were little affected by PSK, but in mice bearing tumours PSK prevented the tumour-induced reduction in these activities. Live BCG augmented these activities in healthy mice but had little effect on the reduction of activities induced by a tumour. The immunosuppressive activity of the serum of tumour-bearing mice was reduced by PSK administration; live BCG did not have this effect. The combined use of live BCG and PSK improved these activities in the host, with synergistic increases in the antitumour effect. These results suggest that the combined use of live BCG and PSK, which have different modes of action, may be useful in the treatment of cancer.

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Effects and Side Effects of Platelet Transfusion

Hämostaseologie ◽

10.1055/a-1347-6551 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fabrice Cognasse ◽

Kathryn Hally ◽

Sebastien Fauteux-Daniel ◽

Marie-Ange Eyraud ◽

Charles-Antoine Arthaud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Platelet Transfusion ◽

Biological Response ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Stress Injury ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

And Storage

AbstractAside from their canonical role in hemostasis, it is increasingly recognized that platelets have inflammatory functions and can regulate both adaptive and innate immune responses. The main topic this review aims to cover is the proinflammatory effects and side effects of platelet transfusion. Platelets prepared for transfusion are subject to stress injury upon collection, preparation, and storage. With these types of stress, they undergo morphologic, metabolic, and functional modulations which are likely to induce platelet activation and the release of biological response modifiers (BRMs). As a consequence, platelet concentrates (PCs) accumulate BRMs during processing and storage, and these BRMs are ultimately transfused alongside platelets. It has been shown that BRMs present in PCs can induce immune responses and posttransfusion reactions in the transfusion recipient. Several recent reports within the transfusion literature have investigated the concept of platelets as immune cells. Nevertheless, current and future investigations will face the challenge of encompassing the immunological role of platelets in the scope of transfusion.

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The experience of the combined use of Roncoleukin® and Viferon® in the treatment of patients with COVID-19

Terapevt (General Physician) ◽

10.33920/med-12-2102-07 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 57-69

Author(s):

Oleg Viktorovich Bukhtoyarov ◽

Denis Mikhailovich Samarin

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Treatment Regimen ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Dramatic Improvement ◽

Interferon Alpha 2B ◽

Combined Use ◽

Psychoemotional State ◽

Recombinant Interleukin 2 ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Considerable Impact

The article presents the results of the clinical use of Roncoleukin® (recombinant interleukin-2) and Viferon® (interferon alfa-2b) in the complex treatment of more than 300 patients with COVID-19 in outpatient and inpatient conditions from May to December 2020 in various regions of Russia and abroad. The obtained results indicate a dramatic improvement in the condition of patients with the inclusion of Roncoleukin® and Viferon® in the COVID-19 treatment regimen, which made it possible to achieve patient recovery in all cases and avoid death among patients with severe COVID-19. The article justifies the necessity of compulsory use of interleukin-2 and interferon alpha-2b in the treatment regimen of COVID-19 patients as the factors determining the timely activation of specific immune responses that block the growth of nonspecific immune reactions leading to the generalization of infectious and inflammatory processes (“cytokine storm”), decompensation of chronic diseases and death. The need to normalize the psychoemotional state as an important pathogenetically significant factor that has a considerable impact on both the course of coronavirus disease and its outcome is demonstrated.

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The impact of HIV exposure and maternal Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on infant immune responses to bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination

AIDS ◽

10.1097/qad.0000000000000536 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 155-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Christine E. Jones ◽

Anneke C. Hesseling ◽

Nontobeko G. Tena-Coki ◽

Thomas J. Scriba ◽

Novel N. Chegou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽

Hiv Exposure ◽

The Impact

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Baseline Mycobacterial Immune Responses in HIV‐Infected Adults Primed with bacille Calmette‐Guérin during Childhood and Entering a Tuberculosis Booster Vaccine Trial

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/509896 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 195 (1) ◽

pp. 118-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mecky Matee ◽

Timothy Lahey ◽

Jenni M. Vuola ◽

Lillian Mtei ◽

Bernard F. Cole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Vaccine Trial ◽

Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽

Booster Vaccine

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Cellular Immune Responses to Four Doses of Percutaneous Bacille Calmette-Guerin in Healthy Adults

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/515614 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 178 (1) ◽

pp. 138-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

P. W. Lowry ◽

T. S. Ludwig ◽

J. A. Adams ◽

M. L. Fitzpatrick ◽

S. M. Grant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Cellular Immune

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BCG (Bacille Calmette–Guérin) HspCs (heat-shock protein–peptide complexes) induce T-helper 1 responses and protect against live challenge in a murine aerosol challenge model of pulmonary tuberculosis

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0320626 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 626-628 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C.A.L.S. Colaco ◽

C.R. Bailey ◽

J. Keeble ◽

K.B. Walker

Keyword(s):

Heat Shock ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Heat Shock Protein ◽

T Helper ◽

T Helper 1 ◽

Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽

Vaccine Candidates ◽

Peptide Complexes ◽

Further Development

The need for an effective TB (tuberculosis) vaccine remains acute, with tuberculosis still one of the major killers worldwide and 3 million new infections annually. We report here on the immune responses elicited by HspCs (heat-shock protein–peptide complexes) isolated from BCG (Bacille Calmette–Guérin) vaccine. These HspCs elicit both the appropriate cellular and protective immune responses required to merit their further development as TB vaccine candidates.

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Use of a genetic cholera toxin B subunit/allergen fusion molecule as mucosal delivery system with immunosuppressive activity against Th2 immune responses

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.10.003 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (50) ◽

pp. 8395-8404 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Merima Bublin ◽

Elisabeth Hoflehner ◽

Birgit Wagner ◽

Christian Radauer ◽

Stefan Wagner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Cholera Toxin ◽

Delivery System ◽

Cholera Toxin B Subunit ◽

Immunosuppressive Activity ◽

Toxin B ◽

Cholera Toxin B ◽

B Subunit ◽

Mucosal Delivery

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Population Differences in Immune Responses to Bacille Calmette‐Guérin Vaccination in Infancy

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1086/597069 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 199 (6) ◽

pp. 795-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Maeve K. Lalor ◽

Anne Ben‐Smith ◽

Patricia Gorak‐Stolinska ◽

Rosemary E. Weir ◽

Sian Floyd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Population Differences ◽

Bacille Calmette Guerin

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Allosteric activation of MALT1 by its ubiquitin-binding Ig3 domain

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1912681117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (6) ◽

pp. 3093-3102 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rebekka Schairer ◽

Gareth Hall ◽

Ming Zhang ◽

Richard Cowan ◽

Roberta Baravalle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Biological Function ◽

Biological Response ◽

Protease Domain ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Allosteric Communication ◽

Ubiquitination Site ◽

Allosteric Mechanism ◽

Ubiquitin Binding ◽

Interaction Surface

The catalytic activity of the protease MALT1 is required for adaptive immune responses and regulatory T (Treg)-cell development, while dysregulated MALT1 activity can lead to lymphoma. MALT1 activation requires its monoubiquitination on lysine 644 (K644) within the Ig3 domain, localized adjacent to the protease domain. The molecular requirements for MALT1 monoubiquitination and the mechanism by which monoubiquitination activates MALT1 had remained elusive. Here, we show that the Ig3 domain interacts directly with ubiquitin and that an intact Ig3-ubiquitin interaction surface is required for the conjugation of ubiquitin to K644. Moreover, by generating constitutively active MALT1 mutants that overcome the need for monoubiquitination, we reveal an allosteric communication between the ubiquitination site K644, the Ig3-protease interaction surface, and the active site of the protease domain. Finally, we show that MALT1 mutants that alter the Ig3-ubiquitin interface impact the biological response of T cells. Thus, ubiquitin binding by the Ig3 domain promotes MALT1 activation by an allosteric mechanism that is essential for its biological function.

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