Correlations between Cancer Mortality Rates from Various Italian Regions

1985 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo La Vecchia ◽  
Adriano Decarli
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Death Certification ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Positive Coefficients ◽  
Indirect Indication

Death certification rates from 17 non-sexual and 4 sexual cancers were used to examine patterns of correlation between various cancers within the 20 Italian regions. A large number of strongly positive correlations emerged, reflecting the geographical distribution of cancer mortality in Italy which shows substantially higher rates for several common sites in northern areas. The most notable findings were the high positive correlations between various tobacco-related cancers in both sexes (however somewhat higher in males), the positive correlations between most intestinal sites and between a well defined group of other cancers including intestines in both sexes, breast and ovary in females and prostate in males, previously described in several widely heterogeneous populations. Various alcohol-related cancers showed high positive coefficients in males but not in females. Several suggestions which emerged from previous correlation studies but which generally lacked convincing biological or epidemiological consistency were not confirmed by the present data. Conversely, a few strong correlations emerged in the present study which are not explainable in terms of available knowledge of the causes of cancer, or obvious confounding. Though probably incidental, the existence of these correlations between cancers with widely heterogeneous or largely undefined etiology is still an indirect indication that these neoplasms are largely avoidable, since it is unlikely that the same genetic determinants are strongly associated with such different malignancies.

scholarly journals A high-resolution study of mesospheric fine structure with the Jicamarca MST radar

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1281-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sheth ◽  
E. Kudeki ◽  
G. Lehmacher ◽  
M. Sarango ◽  
R. Woodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Spectral Estimates ◽  
Mst Radar ◽  
Anisotropic Structures ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Vertical Gradients ◽  
Resolution Study

Abstract. Correlation studies performed on data from recent mesospheric experiments conducted with the 50-MHz Jicamarca radar in May 2003 and July 2004 are reported. The study is based on signals detected from a combination of vertical and off-vertical beams. The nominal height resolution was 150 m and spectral estimates were obtained after ~1 min integration. Spectral widths and backscattered power generally show positive correlations at upper mesospheric heights in agreement with earlier findings (e.g., Fukao et al., 1980) that upper mesospheric echoes are dominated by isotropic Bragg scatter. In many instances in the upper mesosphere, a weakening of positive correlation away from layer centers (towards top and bottom boundaries) was observed with the aid of improved height resolution. This finding supports the idea that layer edges are dominated by anisotropic turbulence. The data also suggests that negative correlations observed at lower mesospheric heights are caused by scattering from anisotropic structures rather than reflections from sharp vertical gradients in electron density.

Measuring Motivation in Patients with Schizophrenia with Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES). Pilot Study of the Russian Version

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S274-S274 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Minyaycheva ◽  
K. Kiselnikova ◽  
L. Movina ◽  
I. Gladyshev ◽  
O. Papsuev
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Russian Version ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Psychometric Tool ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Positive Correlations

IntroductionReduction of mental productivity and motivation in patients with schizophrenia is one of the core features of negative symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Lack of motivation affects social functioning and outcomes, reduces effects of psychosocial treatment and rehabilitation.ObjectivesTo research AES abilities in measuring motivation in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate correlations of Russian translation of clinician-rated and self-rated versions with PANSS amotivation subscale and negative subscale items.MethodsFifty patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were recruited to participate in the study and were assessed with PANSS, AES-C and AES-S by trained raters. Only patients in “stabilized” state that met inclusion criteria of PANSS total score ≤ 80 points were eligible for consecutive AES assessment.ResultsOverall, moderate positive correlations were established between AES-C and PANSS amotivation subscale N2 and N4 items, N6 item and total PANSS negative subscale. No significant correlations with G16 item were registered. AES-C and AES-S versions also showed positive Spearman correlations (r = 0.43; P < 0.05), while no correlations between AES-S and amotivation PANSS items were registered.DiscussionModerately strong correlations between AES-C and PANSS N2, N4 and N6 items show feasibility of AES-C version in terms of measuring motivation in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Results of AES-S analysis demonstrate certain problems in patients’ abilities in self-assessing motivation. Patients with prevailing paranoid syndrome showed poorer results in AES-S scores.ConclusionsAES-C is a sensitive psychometric tool with good properties in measuring amotivation in patients with schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Complaints and Correlations with Self-Reported Macronutrient Intake in Independent Groups of (Ultra)Marathon Runners Competing at Different Distances

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan Hoogervorst ◽  
Nancy van der Burg ◽  
Joline J. Versteegen ◽  
Karin J. Lambrechtse ◽  
Martijn I. Redegeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Muscle Cramps ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complaints ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Food And Fluid Intake

This study investigated the differences in gastrointestinal (GI) and exercise related complaints between groups of runners competing at different distances using web-based questionnaires. Total (severe) complaints were reported by 89.3% (49.7%) of the runners during the race vs. 70.6% (29.4%) after the race. Significant differences between groups were described for marathon (n = 98) and 60 km (n = 43) runners. During competition, runners reported the urge to urinate (47.7%), muscle cramps (43.6%) and belching (43.6%). The prevalence of bloating, flatulence, side ache and dizziness differed between distances (p < 0.02). There were small to moderate negative correlations between food and fluid intake and GI complaints. After competition (12 h), 70.6% of participants reported complaints, with muscle cramps (47.6%), flatulence (19.0%) and bloating (12.7%) being the most prevalent. Prevalence of belching, nausea, stomach cramps and muscle cramps differed between race distances (p < 0.04). There were small to high positive correlations between complaints during and after competition (p < 0.05). In conclusion, runners of all distances reported a high prevalence of GI and other exercise related complaints. There were some small differences in reporting type and severity of complaints between distances. Results showed small to strong correlations between complaints during and after competition and with nutrient intake, without a clear similar pattern for all distances.

Social indicators and the prediction of psychiatric admission in different diagnostic groups

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Boardman ◽  
Richard E. Hodgson ◽  
Martyn Lewis ◽  
Keith Allen
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Psychiatric Admission ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Neurotic Disorders ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Using Data

BackgroundRecent findings indicate that the established association between social indicators of deprivation and psychiatric admission rates may not hold across all diagnoses.MethodAdmission rates in individuals aged 16–64 years for 71 electoral wards in North Staffordshire were calculated for six diagnostic groups using data from the Korner Episode System for 1987–1993. These were correlated with selected individual census variables, Townsend and Jarman indices. The ability of regression models to predict admission rates was tested.ResultsThe strongest correlations were found for total admissions (r 0.44–0.79). Strong correlations were found for neurotic disorders/depression (r 0.29–0.62), schizophrenia (r 0.24–0.59), all non-psychotic disorders combined (r 0.41–0.71) and all psychotic disorders combined (r 0.33–0.67). Predicted admission rates for total admissions, psychotic and non-psychotic admissions using regression models showed strong positive correlations with observed admission rates.ConclusionsThe strong correlations between social indicators of deprivation and total psychotic admission rates are consistent with the results of previous studies. The strong associations between social indicators and admissions for non-psychotic disorders is contrary to previous findings and may be partly explained by the relatively high admission rates for neurotic disorders.

scholarly journals Linear Models for the Prediction of Animal Zone Ammonia in a Weaned Piglet Building

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1927
Author(s):  
Tamara Arango ◽  
Roberto Besteiro ◽  
Juan A. Ortega ◽  
Ángel Castro ◽  
Manuel Ramiro Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Weaned Piglet ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
Conventional Farm

Measuring ammonia inside livestock buildings poses many challenges that hinder the incorporation of this variable into environmental control systems. The aim of this study was to measure various microclimate variables inside a weaned piglet building and analyse their interactions with NH3 concentrations for setpoint temperatures of 26 and 25 °C, in order to control NH3 concentrations based on other easily measurable variables. The experimental test was conducted on a conventional farm in Northwest Spain. NH3 concentrations in the animal zone were best correlated with CO2 concentrations in the animal zone (R = 0.91 and R = 0.55) and velocity of air extracted through the fan (R = 0.72 and R = 0.65) for setpoint temperatures of 26 and 25 °C, respectively. Similarly, strong correlations were found with relative humidity in the animal zone and temperature of inlet air. Because NH3 concentration in the animal zone is related to the performance of the ventilation system, strong positive correlations were found between NH3 concentration and temperature of inlet air whereas negative correlations were found between NH3 concentration and ventilation rates. Linear regression models based on CO2 concentrations in the animal zone and temperature of inlet air are recommended, because they provide a good fit for both setpoint temperatures using variables that can be readily measured.

scholarly journals Further evidence for positive correlations of intelligence and suicide rate across Italian regions: Responsum to Felice (2010)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Voracek
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
Positive Correlations

Voracek (2009, Psychol. Rep.) found regional IQ estimates and suicide rates to be positively correlated across 13 (out of 20) Italian regions. Felice (2010, Psychol. Rep.) criticized this group-level (ecologic) finding from geographic analysis on various grounds. These arguments are addressed and rebutted here. Further, replication tests with two new, independent data sources for regional Italian IQ, now including either 19 or all the 20 regions of Italy, show that these are similarly positively correlated with suicide rates. Finally, the group-level finding of Voracek (2009) and its two successful replications are now directly confirmed by recent individual-level (register-based) evidence for higher educational attainment (an IQ proxy) in Italian suicide victims, compared to deaths from all other causes.

Sexual dimorphism and variability in the skull of Martes foina

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-383
Author(s):  
Ahmet Selçuk Özen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Martes Foina ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sexual Dimorphisms ◽  
Condylobasal Length ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract Morphometry can help to understand morphology and clarify taxonomy of species. The morphometric variability of the skull and sexual dimorphism of stone martens (Martes foina), obtained from various geographical regions of Turkey, were investigated. Measurements were made regarding 14 characters on skulls of the samples. Adults have significantly bigger skulls compared to juveniles. Regarding their sexual dimorphism, descriptive statistics revealed variability in the size of the skull between sexes, with mean values of males being higher than those of females. The most significant sexual dimorphisms (the highest variabilities) were observed in palatal width and especially frontal width. The strongest positive correlations were found between the basilar length and condylobasal length in males and between the mandibular length and total skull length in females. Furthermore, principal component analysis confirmed strong correlations between some characters of the skull in both sexes. By comparing characters with those of European populations this study contributes to a general model of the skull of Martes foina.

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