scholarly journals Radicular Myelinopathy in Aging Rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Krinke ◽  
J. Suter ◽  
R. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Aging Rats ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Spinal Roots

Naturally occurring degenerative lesions of nerve fibers in the spinal cord, spinal roots and peripheral nerves in nine male rats 877 days old were swollen myelin sheaths, forming “myelin bubbles.” The myelin swellings were distributed throughout the spinal tracts and the peripheral nerves, but most frequently in the lumbar ventral spinal roots. Although most axons surrounded by swollen myelin were intact, some were constricted and degenerated, while others showed signs of remyelination.

Degenerative Lesions of Spinal Roots and Peripheral Nerves in Aging Rats

Gerontology ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 6 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin N. Berg ◽  
Abner Wolf ◽  
Henry S. Simms
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Aging Rats ◽  
Spinal Roots

scholarly journals Study of clinical profile and outcome of patients with acute non-traumatic paraparesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Sanjana S. Malokar ◽  
Saurabh V. Kothari ◽  
Onkar H. Nadgouda
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Neurological Emergency ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Spinal Roots ◽  
Acute Paraplegia

Background: The following study is about the clinical profile and outcome of patients with acute non traumatic paraparesis. It includes the aetiology, clinical presentation and the outcome of various cases of acute non traumatic paraparesis. Paraplegia or paraparesis could be defined as loss of function of both legs as a result of disease or injury of the spinal cord, spinal roots, peripheral nerves or myopathies. Acute non-traumatic paraparesis is a neurological emergency. Reversible causes of acute paraplegia can be treated successfully if diagnosed early.Methods: The observational study was done in the department of general medicine at D. Y. Patil Hospital, Navi Mumbai with sample size of 75 patients over 1 year.Results: With early diagnosis prognosis of acute non traumatic paraparesis can be improved which was evaluated over period of 3 months.Conclusions: Acute non-traumatic paraparesis is a neurological emergency. Reversible causes of acute paraplegia can be treated successfully if diagnosed early. It is important to diagnose and classify all cases into compressive and non-compressive lesions based on presenting symptoms because the management of the two differs.

Dedifferentiation of the Axolemma Associated with Demyelination

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 496-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rosenbluth ◽  
A. Sumner ◽  
T. Saida
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Channels ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Fracture Analysis ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Spinal Roots ◽  
Myelin Deficient

Freeze-fracture analysis of myelinated nerve fibers has shown that the axolemma has a highly differentiated structure. The node is characterized by a high concentration of intramembranous particles, primarily in the E fracture face, which may represent the sodium channels known to be concentrated there, and the paranodal axolemma is characterized by a distinctive paracrystalline pattern that corresponds to the intercellular junction formed with the terminal “loops” of myelin lamellae. Studies of myelin formation in normal animals and of myelin-deficient mutant animals indicate that the development of these axolemmal specializations is profoundly influenced by the associated myelinforming cells. The present study considers whether or not nodal or paranodal specializations that have already formed persist after demyelination.In order to investigate this question, specimens of peripheral nerves were examined following exposure to an antiserum to galactocerebroside (GC), which is known to cause a predictable series of changes leading to demyelination. Freeze-fracture replicas of rat spinal roots exposed to anti-GC serum in situ for six hours showed marked changes in the paranodal axolemma.

Prostaglandin E2 catabolism in the spinal nerve roots of the cat

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bishai ◽  
F. Coceani
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Chromatographic Mobility ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Spinal Roots ◽  
Metabolic Degradation ◽  
Rate Limiting

Catabolism of prostaglandin (PG) E2 was studied in homogenates of spinal cord and spinal nerve roots of the cat. Spinal roots enzymatically converted PGE2 to a product (metabolite I) with the chromatographic mobility of 15-keto-PGE2. Little metabolic degradation occurred in the spinal cord; however, incubation of PGE2 with combined spinal cord and nerve root tissue yielded a second metabolite (metabolite II) in addition to metabolite I. Metabolite II was identified as 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGE2. These results prove that spinal nerve roots, unlike the spinal cord, contain 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) which is the major and rate-limiting enzyme in the inactivation of prostaglandins. The location and functional significance of 15-PGDH in peripheral nerves remain to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Neoplasms of Mesenchymal Origin in the Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots of Three Dogs

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vandevelde ◽  
R. J. Higgins ◽  
C. E. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Intramedullary Tumor ◽  
Reticulum Cell ◽  
Spinal Nerve Roots ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Clinicopathological Findings ◽  
Spinal Roots

Clinicopathological findings of three different neoplastic conditions involving the spinal cord and nerve roots in three dogs are described. One sarcomatous intramedullary tumor closely associated with the vasculature was classified as a reticulum cell sarcoma of the spinal cord. The second case had massive and widespread neoplastic proliferation of reticulohistiocytic cells around the perineurinal vessels of many spinal nerve roots. The process was classified as a primary neoplastic reticulosis of the spinal roots. Multiple highly malignant tumors, infiltrating the spinal cord were found in one thoracic and several lumbosacral spinal nerve roots in the third case. These were considered to be anaplastic neurofibrosarcomas because of high collagen content, intact nerve fibers, whorl formation, and the tendency to palisade in some areas.

scholarly journals Nerve injury and repair in a ketogenic milieu: A systematic review of traumatic injuries to the spinal cord and peripheral nervous tissue

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244244
Author(s):  
Jamasb Joshua Sayadi ◽  
Lohrasb Sayadi ◽  
Ellen Satteson ◽  
Mustafa Chopan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Traumatic Injuries

Dietary interventions such as intermittent fasting and the ketogenic diet have demonstrated neuroprotective effects in various models of neurological insult. However, there has been a lack of evaluation of these interventions from a surgical perspective despite their potential to augment reparative processes that occur following nerve injury. Thus, we sought to analyze the effects of these dietary regimens on nerve regeneration and repair by critical appraisal of the literature. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was performed to identify studies published between 1950 and 2020 that examined the impact of either the ketogenic diet or intermittent fasting on traumatic injuries to the spinal cord or peripheral nerves. Study characteristics and outcomes were analyzed for each included article. A total of 1,890 articles were reviewed, of which 11 studies met inclusion criteria. Each of these articles was then assessed based on a variety of qualitative parameters, including type of injury, diet composition, timing, duration, and outcome. In total, seven articles examined the ketogenic diet, while four examined intermittent fasting. Only three studies examined peripheral nerves. Neuroprotective effects manifested as either improved histological or functional benefits in most of the included studies. Overall, we conclude that intermittent fasting and the ketogenic diet may promote neuroprotection and facilitate the regeneration and repair of nerve fibers following injury; however, lack of consistency between the studies in terms of animal models, diet compositions, and timing of dietary interventions preclude synthesis of their outcomes as a whole.

Transitory traumatic paraplegia: electron microscopy of early alterations in myelinated nerve fibers

1972 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Dohrmann ◽  
Franklin C. Wagner ◽  
Paul C. Bucy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Myelinated Nerve Fibers ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The white matter of the monkey spinal cord was examined by electron microscopy during the first 4 hours following a contusion sufficient to produce a transitory paraplegia. At 5 min after injury the myelinated nerve fibers resembled those of the control animals. By 15 and 30 min after contusion, selected fibers were noted to have moderately enlarged periaxonal spaces. Attenuated myelin sheaths, splaying of the myelin lamellae, and a marked increase in the periaxonal spaces were present in affected nerve fibers at 1 hr following trauma. By 4 hrs after contusion approximately one-fourth of the fibers showed breakage of the myelin sheaths and consequent denuding of axons or marked attenuation of the myelin sheaths, greatly enlarged periaxonal spaces, and degeneration of the associated axons.

scholarly journals ON THE EXISTENCE OF A GRADIENT OF SENSITIVITY TO THE LACK OF SODIUM IN THE SPINAL ROOTS OF THE BULLFROG

1951 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lorente de Nó
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Nerve Trunk ◽  
Ventral Root ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Anatomical Distribution ◽  
Working Hypothesis ◽  
Temporal Course ◽  
Spinal Roots

The Et class of fibers includes fibers of Gasser's d.r. C group. The fibers of the dorsal root are more sensitive to the effect of lack of sodium than are the fibers of the ventral root. In the two roots there is a gradient of sensitivity to the lack of sodium, which is such that in all the root fibers the sensitivity decreases with increasing distance from the spinal cord. The gradient continues in the trunk up to about 10 to 12 mm. peripheral to the trunk-roots margin. No comparable gradient of sensitivity to the lack of sodium has been observed in the rest of the nerve trunk. The gradient of sensitivity to the lack of sodium has no relationship to the anatomical distribution of the epineurium. As a working hypothesis it is suggested that the gradient of sensitivity to the lack of sodium is one aspect of a transitional gradient that serves to establish a gradual change between the properties that the axons have inside the spinal cord and the properties that they have inside the nerve trunks. Details are given of the temporal course of the loss of excitability by root fibers deprived of sodium. It is suggested that sodium is present in the nerve fibers, in 2 forms, loosely and tightly bound sodium and that loss of loosely bound sodium is sufficient to render the nerve fibers unable to conduct impulses. If the rate of loss of loosely bound sodium is decreased, conversion of tightly bound into loosely bound sodium may temporarily restore the excitability of the nerve fibers.

scholarly journals Immunocytochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase in myelinated fibers in peripheral nerves of rat and mouse.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 865-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Cammer ◽  
F A Tansey
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Ii ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Spinal Root ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Myelinated Fibers ◽  
Dorsal Columns

Rat sciatic nerve, spinal root, and cranial nerve were immunostained with an antibody against rat brain carbonic anhydrase II (ca), to determine the localization of ca in the rat peripheral nervous system (PNS). Similar methods were applied to mouse nerves to see if that antigen could be detected in the PNS of this species. In rat nerves, intense immunostaining was observed in the axoplasm of many of the myelinated fibers, whereas others were stained less intensely or were negative. A heterogeneous pattern of immunostaining was also found in neuronal perikarya within the ganglia, and in some regions of the ganglia ca immunostaining was found in putative satellite cells and their processes. Ca in rat PNS therefore appears to occur at both neuronal and glial sites, whereas it is exclusively glial in the CNS. In longitudinal sections of some fibers within rat nerves, ca immunostaining could be detected at the inner boundaries of the myelin sheaths. In mouse nerves, axoplasmic staining was observed but it was fainter than in rat nerves. Interspecies differences were most obvious in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord. In rat, intensely stained axons proceeded through the roots into the gracilis or cuneate and often into the gray matter. In mouse, there was much less immunostaining of axons but more intense ca immunostaining in CNS myelin than in the CNS myelin in the rat cord. The implications concerning putative functions of ca in the rodent nervous system are discussed.

Potency of natural and synthetic canine gastrin-releasing decapeptide on canine antral muscle

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (5) ◽  
pp. G581-G587 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Mayer ◽  
J. R. Reeve ◽  
S. Khawaja ◽  
P. Chew ◽  
J. Elashoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Gastrin Releasing Peptide ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Biological Potency ◽  
Carboxyl Terminal ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

The carboxyl terminal decapeptide of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP-10), a small, naturally occurring bombesin-like peptide, has been isolated from canine antral muscle, synthesized, and its bioactivity compared with other synthetic and natural gastrin-releasing peptides on stimulation of spontaneously occurring contractions of canine circular antral muscle in vitro. Concentrations of peptides were verified by amino acid analysis and radioimmunoassay. In this system three forms of natural canine GRP, synthetic GRP-10, synthetic porcine gastrin-releasing heptacosapeptide (GRP-27), [Gln3]GRP-10, and [Arg3]GRP-10 all were similar in potency to synthetic amphibian bombesin. These results differ from the low activity of GRP-10 previously reported in rat brain. The full biological potency on canine antral motility and the presence of GRP-10 in nerve fibers in the gut and in the spinal cord suggest a possible role for this peptide as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in regulation of smooth muscle contraction.

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