scholarly journals Early Ultrastructural Glomerular Alterations in Neonatal Nephrotic Mice (ICGN Strain)

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ogura ◽  
H. Fujimura ◽  
T. Asano ◽  
M. Koura ◽  
I. Naito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

ICGN is a strain of mice with hereditary nephrotic syndrome of an unknown cause. In this study, early glomerular alterations in newborn ICGN mice were observed with electron microscopy to gain a better insight into the onset of the disease. Development of the glomeruli was normal until fusion of epithelial and endothelial basement membranes in the developing capillary stage. From the maturing glomerulus stage onward, the fused glomerular basement membrane (GBM) increased in thickness by excessive accumulation of the basement membrane material secreted from the epithelial cells. This accumulation was followed by overall loss of epithelial foot processes in the glomeruli. These findings indicate that the disease in ICGN mice is caused by some defect(s) in the GBM maturation process, which may be crucial for the generation of the glomerular permselectivity.

scholarly journals Automatic Segmentation of Pathological Glomerular Basement Membrane in Transmission Electron Microscopy Images with Random Forest Stacks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Cao ◽  
YanMeng Lu ◽  
ChuangQuan Li ◽  
Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Transmission Electron

Pathological classification through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is essential for the diagnosis of certain nephropathy, and the changes of thickness in glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and presence of immune complex deposits in GBM are often used as diagnostic criteria. The automatic segmentation of the GBM on TEM images by computerized technology can provide clinicians with clear information about glomerular ultrastructural lesions. The GBM region on the TEM image is not only complicated and changeable in shape but also has a low contrast and wide distribution of grayscale. Consequently, extracting image features and obtaining excellent segmentation results are difficult. To address this problem, we introduce a random forest- (RF-) based machine learning method, namely, RF stacks (RFS), to realize automatic segmentation. Specifically, this work proposes a two-level integrated RFS that is more complicated than a one-level integrated RF to improve accuracy and generalization performance. The integrated strategies include training integration and testing integration. Training integration can derive a full-view RFS1 by simultaneously sampling several images of different grayscale ranges in the train phase. Testing integration can derive a zoom-view RFS2 by separately sampling the images of different grayscale ranges and integrating the results in the test phase. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed RFS can be used to automatically segment different morphologies and gray-level basement membranes. Future study on GBM thickness measurement and deposit identification will be based on this work.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection and recurrence of anti-glomerular basement disease: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Winkler ◽  
Emanuel Zitt ◽  
Hannelore Sprenger-Mähr ◽  
Afschin Soleiman ◽  
Manfred Cejna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
Pulmonary Haemorrhage ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (GBM) disease is a rare autoimmune disease causing rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary haemorrhage. Recently, an association between COVID-19 and anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease has been proposed. We report on a patient with recurrence of anti-GBM disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case presentation The 31-year-old woman had a past medical history of anti-GBM disease, first diagnosed 11 years ago, and a first relapse 5 years ago. She was admitted with severe dyspnoea, haemoptysis, pulmonary infiltrates and acute on chronic kidney injury. A SARS-CoV-2 PCR was positive with a high cycle threshold. Anti-GBM autoantibodies were undetectable. A kidney biopsy revealed necrotising crescentic glomerulonephritis with linear deposits of IgG, IgM and C3 along the glomerular basement membrane, confirming a recurrence of anti-GBM disease. She was treated with steroids, plasma exchange and two doses of rituximab. Pulmonary disease resolved, but the patient remained dialysis-dependent. We propose that pulmonary involvement of COVID-19 caused exposure of alveolar basement membranes leading to the production of high avidity autoantibodies by long-lived plasma cells, resulting in severe pulmonary renal syndrome. Conclusion Our case supports the assumption of a possible association between COVID-19 and anti-GBM disease.

Membranous nephropathy

2010 ◽  
pp. 3985-3988
Author(s):  
Dwomoa Adu
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Membranous Nephropathy ◽  
Systemic Lupus

Membranous nephropathy, which accounts for 20 to 30% of cases of the nephrotic syndrome in adults, is defined histologically by the presence of subepithelial immune deposits on the outer surface of the glomerular basement membrane. The immune mechanisms that lead to this are uncertain, and most cases are of unknown cause (idiopathic), but the condition can be associated with autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus), malignancy (in 10% of cases, most commonly lung and prostate cancer), drugs, and infections....

In vivo biosynthesis and turnover of glomerular basement membrane in diabetic rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (4) ◽  
pp. F385-F389
Author(s):  
M. P. Cohen ◽  
M. L. Surma ◽  
V. Y. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Membrane Turnover ◽  
Proline Incorporation ◽  
Basement Membrane Collagen ◽  
Osmotic Lysis ◽  
Specific Activities

Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was labeled in vivo by the injection of tracer amounts of tritiated proline into normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Basement membrane biosynthesis and turnover were determined from the specific activities of proline and hydroxyproline in samples purified following osmotic lysis of glomeruli isolated 4 h to 12 days after injection. Peak radiolabeling of normal and diabetic GBM occurred within 24-48 h and 48-72 h, respectively, and, when corrected for differences in the serum proline specific activities, [3H]proline incorporation was greater in diabetic than in normal samples. In contrast to the subsequent time-dependent progressive decline in radiolabeling in basement membranes from normal animals, specific activities of proline and hydroxyproline in diabetic glomerular basement membrane did not change significantly over the same period of observation. Renal cortical mass and glomerular basement membrane collagen content were preserved in diabetic animals despite loss of body weight. The findings are compatible with prolongation of glomerular basement membrane turnover in experimental diabetes, and suggest that diminished degradation contributes to the accumulation of glomerular basement membrane that is characteristic of chronic diabetes.

scholarly journals Anionic charge concentration of rat kidney glomeruli and glomerular basement membrane

1993 ◽  
Vol 289 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
W D Comper ◽  
A S N Lee ◽  
M Tay ◽  
Y Adal
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Sulphate Content ◽  
Anionic Charge ◽  
Charge Concentration ◽  
A Charge

Estimates of levels of glomerular and glomerular-basement-membrane anion charge should serve as useful quantitative markers for the integrity of the tissues in health and disease. We have developed a simple, rapid, technique to measure this charge through the use of ion exchange with radioisotopes 22Na+ and 36Cl- at low ionic strengths in phosphate buffer. When this technique is used, normal glomeruli isolated from rat have a measured net anion charge concentration of 17.4 +/- 3.7 p-equiv. per glomerulus (n = 20). Perfused rat kidneys that lose approximately half of their glomerular heparan [35S]sulphate content (owing to oxygen-radical damage) exhibited a lower anion charge, of 7.5 +/- 1.6 p-equiv. per glomerulus (n = 5). Glomerular basement membranes prepared from rat glomeruli by a sonication-centrifugation procedure in the presence of enzyme inhibitors had a charge concentration of 6.3 +/- 0.7 mu-equiv./g wet wt. of tissue (n = 4), whereas membranes prepared by sonication, centrifugation, DNAse and detergent treatment had a charge concentration of 7.1 +/- 1.6 mu-equiv./g wet wt. (n = 4). Isotope-dilution experiments with 3H2O on these detergent-prepared glomerular basement membranes demonstrated that they had a water content of approx. 93%, which would then give a net anion charge concentration of 7.6 +/- 1.7 m-equiv./l (n = 4). These values are in good agreement with those obtained by others using titration techniques [Bray and Robinson (1984) Kidney Int. 25, 527-533]. The relatively low magnitude of glomerular anion charge in normal kidneys is consistent with other recent findings that glomerular anion charge is too low to affect the glomerular transport of charged molecules in a direct, passive, biophysical manner through electrostatic interactions.

THE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN CONGENITAL SYPHILIS: AN IMMUNOPATHY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-266
Author(s):  
L. Leighton Hill ◽  
Don B. Singer ◽  
John Falletta ◽  
Richard Stasney
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Glomerular Basement Membrane ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Renal Morphology ◽  
Parietal Epithelial Cells

This report describes the renal morphology in an infant, 2½ months of age, who had the nephrotic syndrome secondary to congenital syphilis. A specimen of the kidney obtained by needle biopsy was studied by light, electron, and fluorescent microscopy. Periarterial cellular infiltrates composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells were prominent in the interstitial tissues. Glomerular visceral and parietal epithelial cells were swollen and increased in number. The axial matrix in many glomeruli was expanded by partially collagenized axial matrix mateial. Nodular electron dense deposits were numerous in the epithelial aspect of the glomerular basement membrane. The areas corresponding to the electrondense deposits were strongly stained with fluorescein tagged antisera to IgG, IgM, and fibrinogen. Less intense but still positive staining was obtained with antisera to IgA and β1c globulin. The nephropathy in congenital syphilis appears to have its basis in the deposition of immune complexes within the glomerular basement membrane. The very young infant, therefore, appears capable of manifesting with an immune deposit disease. The presence of all classes of immunoglobulins in the membranous deposits suggests that the infant has precocious capabilities for producing each of these immunoglobulins.

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