scholarly journals Sticky technologies: Plumpy’nut®, emergency feeding and the viscosity of humanitarian design

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Scott-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Classic Article ◽  
Central Characteristic ◽  
Humanitarian Design

Inspired by de Laet and Mol’s classic article on the Zimbabwean Bush Pump and Peter Redfield’s revival of fluidity as a central characteristic of humanitarian design, this paper argues that many humanitarian technologies are characterized not so much by fluidity as by stickiness. Sticky technologies lie somewhere between fluid technologies and Latourian immutable mobiles: They work precisely because they are mobile and not overly adaptable, yet they retain some flexibility by reaching out to shape and be shaped by their users. The concept is introduced through a detailed study of Plumpy’nut®, a peanut paste for therapeutic feeding that is materially sticky – much firmer than a fluid, yet still mutable – as well as conceptually sticky. ‘Stickiness’ can have wide utility for thinking through technology and humanitarianism.

Retinal Detachment

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Brinton ◽  
Charles P. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Surgery Complications ◽  
Preoperative Management ◽  
Classic Article ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Indirect Ophthalmoscopy ◽  
Complications Of Surgery ◽  
Preoperative Examination

Retinal Detachment: Principles and Practice provides a historical review of current information on the diagnosis and treatment of retinal detachment. It is intended as both an introduction for graduate students in ophthalmology and a concise review or reference for practicing ophthalmologists. The volume defines the types of retinal detachments, their classifications and causes, and covers preoperative examination, preoperative management, prophylactic procedures, surgery, complications of surgery, and results of reattachment surgery. It also includes a historical introduction, suggested readings at the end of each chapter, and the classic article 'The Technique of Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy,' by Morten L. Rosenthal.

scholarly journals “It’s Going to be Out There For a Long Time”: The Influence of Message Persistence on Users’ Political Opinion Expression in Social Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 009365022199531
Author(s):  
German Neubaum
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Spiral Of Silence ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Political Messages ◽  
Opinion Expression ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Silence Effect ◽  
Central Characteristic ◽  
Media Message

In light of the growing politicization of social media, the spiral of silence theory and its predictions on the conditions under which individuals express political opinions have gained increasing scholarly attention. This study contributes to this line of research by identifying the influence of a central characteristic of social media: message persistence. It was expected that high technical durability of political messages reduces users’ propensity to voice their opinion, moderating the silence effect. A pre-registered experiment ( N = 772) revealed a small-to-medium persistence effect in three out of four topical contexts. While perceived congruence with the opinion climate was not associated with the likelihood of opinion expression, the latter could be explained by a mental cost-benefit calculus that was shaped by message persistence. Theoretical implications are discussed referring to (a) a situational approach regarding silencing processes on social media and (b) its connection to a behavioral calculus of human communication.

“Deeds, Not Words”: Right-Wing Terrorism in Twentieth-Century Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Schmidt ◽  
Michael Sturm
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
The Political ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Central Characteristic ◽  
Twentieth Century Europe

This chapter focuses on the manifestations and characteristics of right-wing terrorism in twentieth-century Europe, particularly on developments in Germany and Italy. When viewed from a comparative perspective, a central characteristic for right-wing terrorism is the Tatglaube, the faith in deeds. Although the worldview justifying such terrorism is grounded in racism, ethnocentrism, and nationalistic concepts of superiority, the decisive factor is violence as an end in itself, a violence that generally forgoes any justifying pattern of argument and strives to annihilate the enemy physically. The repertoire of actions taken and the formulized language of right-wing terrorism have remained largely unchanged throughout the twists and turns of twentieth-century history. Nevertheless, it is possible to differentiate various phases of right-wing terrorism, which were also influenced, in turn, by the political and societal environment. Despite the ethnocentric and nationalistic worldview from which this terrorism springs, it also becomes evident here that right-wing terrorism has always been marked by transnational influences, particularly since the end of the twentieth century.

Comment on Cornea Classic Article

Cornea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Classic Article

What is a scientific instrument, now?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liba Taub
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
Scientific Instrument ◽  
Scientific Instruments ◽  
Classic Article ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

Abstract In 1990, Deborah Jean Warner, a curator at the Smithsonian Institution, published her now-classic article ‘What is a scientific instrument, when did it become one, and why?’. These questions were prompted by practical curatorial considerations: what was she supposed to collect for her museum? Today, we are still considering questions of what we collect for the future, why, and how. These questions have elicited some new and perhaps surprising answers since the publication of Warner’s article, sometimes – but not only – as a reflection of changing technologies and laboratory practices, and also as a result of changes in those disciplines that study science, including history of science and philosophy of science. In focusing attention on meanings associated with scientific instrument collections, and thinking about what objects are identified as scientific instruments, I consider how definitions of instruments influence what is collected and preserved.

scholarly journals Transcription factor TFCP2L1 patterns cells in the mouse kidney collecting ducts

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Werth ◽  
Kai M Schmidt-Ott ◽  
Thomas Leete ◽  
Andong Qiu ◽  
Christian Hinze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Notch Signaling ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Nephron Segments ◽  
Collecting Ducts ◽  
Atpase Subunits ◽  
Central Characteristic ◽  
Salt And Pepper

Although most nephron segments contain one type of epithelial cell, the collecting ducts consists of at least two: intercalated (IC) and principal (PC) cells, which regulate acid-base and salt-water homeostasis, respectively. In adult kidneys, these cells are organized in rosettes suggesting functional interactions. Genetic studies in mouse revealed that transcription factor Tfcp2l1 coordinates IC and PC development. Tfcp2l1 induces the expression of IC specific genes, including specific H+-ATPase subunits and Jag1. Jag1 in turn, initiates Notch signaling in PCs but inhibits Notch signaling in ICs. Tfcp2l1 inactivation deletes ICs, whereas Jag1 inactivation results in the forfeiture of discrete IC and PC identities. Thus, Tfcp2l1 is a critical regulator of IC-PC patterning, acting cell-autonomously in ICs, and non-cell-autonomously in PCs. As a result, Tfcp2l1 regulates the diversification of cell types which is the central characteristic of 'salt and pepper' epithelia and distinguishes the collecting duct from all other nephron segments.

scholarly journals Methodological Challenges in Studying Trust in Natural Resources Management

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Antonia Sohns ◽  
Gordon M. Hickey ◽  
Jasper R. de Vries ◽  
Owen Temby
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Natural Resources Management ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Central Characteristic ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
And Control

Trust has been identified as a central characteristic of successful natural resource management (NRM), particularly in the context of implementing participatory approaches to stakeholder engagement. Trust is, however, a multi-dimensional and multi-level concept that is known to evolve recursively through time, challenging efforts to empirically measure its impact on collaboration in different NRM settings. In this communication we identify some of the challenges associated with conceptualizing and operationalizing trust in NRM field research, and pay particular attention to the inter-relationships between the concepts of trust, perceived risk and control due to their multi-dimensional and interacting roles in inter-organizational collaboration. The challenge of studying trust begins with its conceptualization, which impacts the terminology being used, thereby affecting the subsequent operationalization of trust in survey and interview measures, and the interpretation of these measures by engaged stakeholders. Building from this understanding, we highlight some of the key methodological considerations, including how trust is being conceptualized and how the associated measures are being developed, deployed, and validated in order to facilitate cross-context and cross-level comparisons. Until these key methodological issues are overcome, the nuanced roles of trust in NRM will remain unclear.

scholarly journals Ambiguous Signaling in Regulatory Conversations How Miscommunication and Hierarchy Hamper Voluntary Regulatee Cooperation

2021 ◽  
pp. 009539972110478
Author(s):  
Aute Kasdorp ◽  
Leonie Schakel
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organizational Management ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Relationship Types ◽  
Central Characteristic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Voluntary Cooperation

This case study investigates interactions between inspectors and regulatee representatives during regulatory conversations. We study how health care inspectors pursue voluntary cooperation from internal supervisors of health care providers to alter organizational management practices. We identify ambiguity as a central characteristic of the regulatory conversations. We observe several discrepancies as inspectors display hierarchical behavior incongruent with the horizontal relationship they aim for—and incongruent with the relationship style that internal supervisors expect. Analyzing these discrepancies in terms of relationship types and associated relational signals helps explain and prevent suboptimal communication and reduced acceptance of regulators’ demands by regulatees.

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