scholarly journals Racial surveillance and the mental health impacts of electronic monitoring on migrants

Race & Class ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-36
Author(s):  
Monish Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Since the late 1990s, the government has used outsourced electronic monitoring (also known as tagging) in England and Wales for criminal sentencing and punishment. Under the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants) Act 2004, s36, the use of this technology extended to immigration controls, and individuals deemed as ‘high risk’ of harm, reoffending or absconding can be fitted with an ankle device and subjected to curfew. The tagging of migrants is not authorised by the criminal court and therefore not considered a punitive sanction. It is managed by the immigration system and treated as an administrative matter. Nevertheless, people who are tagged experience it as imprisonment and punishment. Drawing on data from an eighteen-month ethnographic research project, this article examines the impact of electronic monitoring on people seeking asylum, who completed their sentences for immigration offences. It uncovers the psychological effects and mental health impacts of such technologies of control. The article sheds light on how tagging is experienced by racialised minorities, and adds to the literature on migration, surveillance studies, state racism and violence.

scholarly journals The impact of SARS-CoV-2 transmission fear and COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders, severe asthma, and other high-risk groups (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Çölkesen ◽  
Oguzhan Kilincel ◽  
Mehmet Sozen ◽  
Eray Yıldız ◽  
Sengul Beyaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Primary Immunodeficiency ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Primary Immunodeficiency Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The adverse effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of high-risk group patients for morbidity and mortality and its impact on public health in the long term have not been clearly determined. OBJECTIVE To determine the level of COVID-19 related transmission fear and anxiety in healthcare workers and patients with primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID), severe asthma, and the ones with other comorbidities. METHODS The healthcare workers and patients with PID, severe asthma (all patients receiving biological agent treatment), malignancy, cardiovascular disease, hypertension (90% of patients receiving ACEI or ARB therapy), diabetes mellitus (42 % of patients receiving DPP-4 inhibitor therapy) were included in the study. A total of 560 participants, 80 individuals in each group, were provided. The hospital anxiety and depression scale ( HADS ) and Fear of illness and virus evaluation (FIVE ) scales were applied to the groups with face to face interview methods. RESULTS The mean age was 49.30 years and 306 (55 %) were female. The FIVE Scale and HADS-A scale scores of health care workers were significantly higher than other groups' scores (p = 0.001 and 0.006). The second-highest scores belonged to patients with PID. There was no significant difference between the groups for the HADS-D score (p=0.07). The lowest score in all scales was observed in patients with hypertension. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that in the pandemic process, patients with primary immunodeficiency, asthma patients, and other comorbid patients, especially healthcare workers, should be referred to the centers for the detection and treatment of mental health conditions.

The Impact of Marijuana on Mental Health

2018 ◽  
pp. 122-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
The Impact

The association between marijuana use and several mental health outcomes is examined, with particular reference to commonly held views on the lack of proof for a causal basis. Rather than relying on a single, key criterion for proof of causation, a collective approach is taken to the question through reviewing studies testing different criteria. Exploration of the psychiatric epidemiology on marijuana reveals trends in early reports that have been confirmed through more detailed studies in recent years and further bolstered by clinical findings. A significant, causal role for marijuana use in chronic psychotic disorders is substantiated by the literature, as well as a strong association with mood disorders and suicidal behaviors. This chapter reinforces the importance of considering marijuana’s mental health impacts when formulating appropriate public health programs and when fashioning drug control policies concerning its legal status.

scholarly journals Ethical considerations in sensitive suicide research reliant on non-clinical researchers

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K Mckenzie ◽  
Cissy Li ◽  
Gabrielle Jenkin ◽  
Sunny Collings
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Assistants

The impact on researchers of working with sensitive data is often not considered by ethics committees when approving research proposals. We conducted interviews with eight research assistants processing clinical notes on emergency department presentations for deliberate self-harm and suicide attempts during a suicide prevention trial. Common experiences of working with the data included feeling unprepared for the level of detail in the records, being drawn deeply into individual stories, emotional exhaustion from the cumulative exposure to the data over long periods of time while working alone, and experiencing a heightened awareness of the fragility of life and the need for safety. The research assistants also reported on some of the strategies they had developed to cope with the sensitive nature of the data and the demands of the work. The ethical implications for suicide research reliant on non-clinically trained researchers exploring sensitive data are considered. These include the need for research leaders and ethics committees to be aware of the potential adverse mental health impacts for these researchers examining sensitive data and to make appropriate arrangements to minimize the mental health impacts of such work.

scholarly journals Environmental Stressors: The Mental Health Impacts of Living Near Industrial Activity

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Downey ◽  
Marieke Van Willigen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Toxic Release Inventory ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact

A growing literature examines whether the poor, the working class, and people of color are disproportionately likely to live in environmentally hazardous neighborhoods. This literature assumes that environmental characteristics such as industrial pollution and hazardous waste are detrimental to human health, an assumption that has not been well tested. Drawing upon the sociology of mental health and environmental inequality studies, we ask whether industrial activity has an impact on psychological well-being. We link individual-level survey data with data from the U.S. Census and the Toxic Release Inventory and find that residential proximity to industrial activity has a negative impact on mental health. This impact is both direct and mediated by individuals' perceptions of neighborhood disorder and personal powerlessness, and the impact is greater for minorities and the poor than it is for whites and wealthier individuals. These results suggest that public health officials need to take seriously the mental health impacts of living near industrial facilities.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and mental health: Anxiety disorders among immigrants due to COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 009121742110426
Author(s):  
Shiva Raj Acharya ◽  
Deog Hwan Moon ◽  
Jin Ho Chun ◽  
Yong Chul Shin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various facets of health. While mental health became a major concern during the COVID-19 outbreak, the impact on the migrants’ mental health has still been neglected. The purpose of this study was to examine the COVID-19 outbreak's impact on the mental health of immigrants in South Korea. Methods A total number of 386 immigrants in South Korea participated in this quantitative cross-sectional study. The standardized e-questionnaire, including the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, was used to measure the anxiety level. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the determinants of anxiety disorders among immigrants. Results The prevalence of severe anxiety among immigrants was found to be 47.2%. Female immigrants (28.6%) had a lower anxiety disorder than males (71.4%). Immigrants who were married, living alone, had a low income, had a history of health problems were suffered from moderate to severe anxiety. Immigrants who were unemployed (OR 2.302, 95% CI = 1.353–3.917) and lost their jobs due to the COVID-19 outbreak (OR 2.197, 95% CI = 1.312–3.678) have a higher anxiety disorder. Immigrants aged over 30 years were found to suffer from a high level of anxiety (OR 2.285, 95% CI = 1.184–4.410). Relief support from the government was significantly associated with anxiety disorder among immigrants (p < 0.01, OR = 3.151, 95% CI = 1.962–5.061). Conclusion With very limited studies on immigrants’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper provides scientific research evidence of the COVID-19 outbreak's impact on the mental health of migrants. Our study has consequences for implementing integrated psychological interventions and health promotion strategies for the well-being of immigrants’ mental health.

scholarly journals Reform of the Mental Health Act 1983 – Convention Implications of the Green Paper

2014 ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Paul Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Green Paper ◽  
Mental Health Act ◽  
Human Rights Act ◽  
Human Rights Act 1998 ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Made In

Assessing the Convention compatibility of the Government proposals for reform of the Mental Health Act 1983 set out in the Green Paper1 is largely an exercise in speculation, for three reasons.First, the proposals are very broad; the detail, where the devil may be found, is yet to come.Second, the Convention does not permit the Strasbourg authorities to review the legality of national legislation in the abstract, but only with reference to particular cases after the proceedings are complete2. Although that will not necessarily preclude a domestic court from reviewing the lawfulness of any provision of the new Mental Health Act after incorporation of the Human Rights Act 19983, the comments that can be made in this article are necessarily confined to the<br />general rather than the specific.Third, and perhaps most significantly, it is impossible to predict the impact of the Convention following the coming into force of the Human Rights Act 1998 on 2 October 2000.

scholarly journals The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus on University Students and its Socio-Economic Determinants in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110562
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Faizah Shahudin ◽  
Vincent J. Hooper ◽  
Waqar Akram ◽  
Rosmaiza B. Abdul Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mental Health Support ◽  
Health Support ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this article is to examine the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upon university students’ anxiety level and to find the factors associated with the anxiety level in Malaysia. We collected data from 958 students from 16 different universities using an originally designed questionnaire. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7-item (GAD-7) was used to estimate the anxiety. Then we applied the ordered logit model to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and factors associated with the anxiety level. We find that 12.3% of students were normal, whereas 30.5% were experiencing mild anxiety, 31.1% moderate anxiety, and 26.1% severe anxiety. Surprisingly, only 37.2% of students were aware of mental health support that was provided by their universities. However, age above 20 years (OR = 1.30), ethnicity Chinese (OR = 1.72), having any other disease (OR = 2.0), decreased family income (OR = 1.71), more time spent on watching COVID-19-related news (OR = 1.52), and infected relative or friends (OR = 1.62) were risk factors for anxiety among students. We conclude that the government of Malaysia should monitor the mental health of the universities’ students more closely and universities should open online mental health support clinics to avoid the adverse impacts of anxiety.

scholarly journals The Fear of Covid-19 among Malaysian Youths

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Mohd Nazrul Bin Azizi ◽  
Dr. Nurul Syuhaida binti Abdul Razak
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Health Level ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The strike of Covid-19 has affected the mental health level among people. Therefore, this study aims to discover the level of fear towards the spread of this disease among Malaysians. A set of questionnaire was developed and distributed among 3000 respondents consisted of youths aged 15-35 years old. The data was analysed based on the percentage and illustrated in the form of pie charts. The research found that majority of the respondents agreed that the spread of Covid-19 has triggered their fear. Other related items also were measured including the reactions when the fear strikes as well as the need to gain more knowledge regarding the spread of Covid-19, such as the latest red zone areas and the preventive measures. The findings of this research will let the people aware of the impact of Covid-19 towards mental health and help the government to identify people’s knowledge, especially on the preventive measure. Therefore, more strategies can be designed to help people save themselves from getting infected.

scholarly journals The psychological impact of coronavirus on university students and its socio-economic determinants in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Faizah Shahudin ◽  
Vincent James Hooper ◽  
Waqar Akram ◽  
Rosmaiza Binti Abdul Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
University Students ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Mental Health Support ◽  
Health Support ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article examines the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) upon university students’ anxiety level and finds the factors associated with the anxiety disorder in Malaysia. We collected data from 958 students from 16 different universities using an originally designed questionnaire. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7-item (GAD-7) was used to estimate the anxiety. We find that 12.3% students were normal, whereas 30.5% were experiencing mild, 31.1% moderate, and 26.1% severe anxiety. Surprisingly, only 37.2% of students were aware of mental health support which was provided by their universities. Moreover, it was found that gender as male (Odds Ratio (OR= 0.798, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)= 0.61 - 1.04)) and having internet access (OR = 0.44, 95% CI= 0.24 - 0.80) were alleviating factors for the anxiety. Whereas, age above than 20 years (OR= 1.30, 95% CI= 0.96 - 1.75), ethnicity Chinese (OR=1.72, 95% CI= 0.95 - 3.1), any other disease (OR=2.0, 95% CI=1.44 - 2.79), decreased family income (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.34 - 2.17), more time spent on watching COVID-19 related news (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.17 - 1.97), and infected relative or friends (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.06 - 2.50) were risk factors for anxiety among students. We suggest that the government of Malaysia should monitor the mental health of the universities’ students more closely and universities should open online mental health support clinics to avoid the adverse impacts of the anxiety disorder.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic Communities: A Complex Relationship Without Just Cause

10.2196/22581 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e22581
Author(s):  
Peter Phiri ◽  
Gayathri Delanerolle ◽  
Ayaat Al-Sudani ◽  
Shanaya Rathod
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Emerging evidence has indicated a negative and disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on Black, Asian, and minority ethnic (BAME) communities. Previous studies have already reported that biological and social risk factors increase disease susceptibility, particularly in BAME communities. Despite frontline workers in ethnic minority communities in the United Kingdom’s National Health Service attempting to quell the pandemic, disproportionate numbers of BAME physicians and other health care workers have died of COVID-19. This unprecedented situation highlights ethical and moral implications, which could further augment the impact of the pandemic on their mental health. While the government attempts to mitigate the rate of virus transmission, certain key factors inadvertently augment the negative impact of the pandemic on the mental health and general well-being of BAME communities. This study examined the available literature to explore the association between, and the wider impact of, COVID-19 on BAME communities. Furthermore, this study aims to raise awareness and provide a deeper insight into current scientific discussions.

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